RISK FACTORS PHYSIOLOGICAL HYPERTENSION

CHANGES Ashley Dean

RNSG 1263

Environmental Age, Family Hx - Changes in arteriolar bed

& Behavioral Race Genetics
& Sex  blood Vasoconstriction
viscosity
High Na+
Defective Na+ - K+ Pumps  Systemic Vascular Resistance
Intake

H2O Retention =
Variation in Angiotensinogen gene
 plasma
volume
 Afterload
Endogenous digitalis-like substances
High K+ Intake  Blood flow to
organs
Abnormalites in nitric oxide, endothelin &
Low Ca+ Intake other locally acting vasoactive chemicals  Increased blood pressure

 Renal Perfusion Beta-receptor

Obesity Excess vasopressin Activation
Activates Juxtaglomerular
cells in kidneys to release
Excessive Hyponatremia Renin Hypovolemia
ETOH Usage
Angiotensin – Converting
Enzyme (ACE)
Tobacco Usage Angiotensinogen Angiotensin I

Stress Arteriolar Angiotensin II

Vasoconstriction

Adrenal Cortex
Complications  Peripheral Stimulation II
Resistance

 Aldosterone
Kidney Disease Retinal Cardiovascular Disease Cerebrovascular Disease
Damage
 Na+
Kidney Hardened Arteries Brain Attack reabsorption
Failure
 H2O reabsorption
Angina Cerebral
End-Stage Hemorrhage
 Plasma
Renal Disease  Blood Pressure
Acute Myocardial (ECF)
Infarction

Manifestations
Heart Failure

Papilloedema Vision Changes Confusion Dizziness Headache No Symptoms

Convulsion
Cardiac Arrhythmias Nausea Epistaxis Chest Pain Sweating SOB
s