Ejercicio 5: Resolución de problemas básicos sobre matrices y determinantes

Descripción del ejercicio:

Dada la siguiente matriz, calcular su inversa a través de los métodos de Gauss Jordan y
−1 1
Determinantes ( A = ∙ AdjA ¿.
DetA

−1 2 −2 1 3 0 2 1
M= 0
1
−1
| 3 1 −3
2
0
0 2
2 3
C. M =
| |
−2 2
1 −1
0 −2
0
3
0
3
0
1
|
Métodos de Gauss Jordan

3 0 21 1 0 0 0
M= −2
[
2 03 0 1 0 0
1 −1 3 0 0 0 1 0
0−2 0 1 0001
][ ]
21 1

[ ][ ]
1 0 0 00
33 3
F F1 −2 2 0 3 0 1 00 ¿
→ 1=¿
3
1 −1 3 0 0 0 10
0−2 0 1 0001

21 1

[ ][ ]
1 0 0 00
33 3
4 11 2
0 2 1 00
F 2=¿ 2 F +F ¿ F 3=¿F −F
1 2 1 3
3 3 3
→
−7 1 1
0 1 0 −1 0
3 3 3
0−20 1 0001
¿
 21 1

[ ][ ]
1 0 0 00
33 3
2 11 1 1
0 1 00 ¿
F F2 3 6 3 2
→ 2=¿
2
−7 1 1
0 1 0 −1 0
3 3 3
0−2 0 1 0001

21 1
1 0 0 00

[ ][ ]
33 3
2 11 1 1
0 1 00
F 3=¿F −F ¿ F 4=¿2 F + F 3 6 3 2
→
1 3 2 4
2 1
0 0 3 0 10
3 2
4 14 2
00 10 1
3 3 3
¿

21 1
1 0 0 00

[ ][ ]
33 3
2 11 1 1
0 1 00
F 3 6 3 2 ¿
F3
→ 3=¿ 1 1 1
3 0 0 1 0 0
2 6 3
4 14 2
00 101
3 3 3

1
0 00

[ ][ ]
21
1 0 3
33
1 1
2 11 00
0 1 3 2
F 4 3 6 ¿
→ 4=¿ 3 F3 −F4 1 1
1 0 0
0 0 1 6 3
2
−2 −7 4
0 0 0−4 −1
3 9 9
 1
0 00

[ ][ ]
21
1 0 3
33
1 1
2 11 00
0 1 3 2
F F4 3 6 ¿
→ 4=¿− 4 1 1
1 0 0
0 0 1 6 3
2
1 7 −1 1
0001
6 36 9 4

5 −7 1 −1

[ ][ ]
2 18 108 27 12
1 1 0 0
F 3=F 3− F 4 3 1 31 11 11
2 2 36 216 54 54
0 1 0
11 3 −1 5 7 −1
F 2=F 2− F 4
6 0 0 1 0 12 72 18 12
1 0001 1 7 −1 1
F 1=F1 − F4
3 6 36 9 4

2
F1=F 1− F 3
3
1 −1 −2
0

[ ]
3 9 9
1 0 00 1 7 −1 −3

¿
2
3
[ ]
F 2=F 2− F 3 0 1 0 0 12
0 0 1 0 −1
0 0 01 12
72 18 8 ¿
5 7 −1
72 18 8
1 7 −1 1
6 36 9 4

1 −1 −2
0

[ ]
3 9 9
1 7 −1 −3
M = 12 72 18 8
−1 5 7 −1
12 72 18 8
1 7 −1 1
6 36 9 4

Prueba:
 1 −1 −2
0

[ ]
3 9 9
3 0 21 1 7 −1 −3

[ 0−2 0 1
]
−2 2 0 3 12
1 −1 3 0 −1
12
72 18 8
5 7 −1
72 18 8
1 7 −1 1
6 36 9 4

1 0 00

[ ] 0 1 00
0 0 10
0001

Métodos de Determinante

3 0 2 1
M= −2
|
2
1 −1
0 −2
0
3
0
|
3
0
1

Del:
2 0 3 −2 0 3 −2 2 3 −2 2 0
| || || || |
( M )=3− −1 3 0 −0 1 3 0 +2 1 −1 0 −1 1 −1 3
−2 0 1 0 0 1 0 −2 1 0 −2 0
¿ 3 ( 6+18 ) +2 ( 2−6−2 )−(−12)
¿ 3 ( 24 ) −12+ 12
del ( M )=72

Conectores

2 0 3 2 0
| |
M 11= −1 3 0 −1 3 ( 6+0+ 0 )−(−18+0+ 0 )=6+18=24
−2 0 1 −2 0

−2 0 3 −2 0
| |
M 12=− 1 3 0 1 3 −[ (−6+0+ 0 )− ( 0 ) ] =6
0 0 1 0 0

−2 2 3 −2 2
| |
M 13= 1 −1 0 1 −1 [ ( 2+ 0−6 )−( 0+ 0+2 ) ]=−4−2=−6
0 −2 1 0 −2

−2 2 0 −2 2
| |
M 14=− 1 −1 3 1 −1 −[ ( 0+0+ 0 )−( 0+12+ 0 ) ] =12
0 −2 0 0 −2

0 2 1 0 2
| |
M 21=− −1 3 0 −1 3 −[ ( 0 ) −(−6+0−2 ) ]=−8
−2 0 1 −2 0

3 2 13 2
| |
M 22= 1 3 0 1 3 ( 9+0+0 )−( 0+0+ 2 )=7
0 0 10 0
 3 0 13 0
| |
M 23=− 1 −1 0 1 −1−[ (−3+0−2 )− ( 0+0+0 ) ]=5
0 −2 1 0 −2

3 0 23 0
| |
M 24= 1 −1 3 1 −1 ( 0+ 0−4 )−( 0−18+0 )=14
0 −2 0 0 −2

0 2 1 3 2
| |
M 31=− −2 0 3 −2 0 −[ ( 0+0+ 0 )−( 0+ 0−4 ) ]=−4
0 0 1 0 0

3 2 1 0 2
| |
M 32= 2 0 3 2 0 [ ( 0−12+ 0 )−( 0+ 0+4 ) ]=−16
−2 0 1 −2 0

3 0 1 3 0
| |
M 33= −2 2 3 −2 2 ( 6+0+ 4 ) −( 0−18+ 0 )=28
0 −2 1 0 −2

3 0 2 3 0
| |
M 34=− −2 2 0 −2 2 −[ ( 0+0+ 8 )−( 0 ) ] =−8
0 −2 0 0 −2

0 2 1 0 2
| |
M 41=− 2 0 3 2 0 −[ ( 0−6+6 )−( 0 ) ] =0
−1 3 0 −1 3

3 2 1 3 2
| |
M 42= −2 0 3 −2 0 ( 0+ 6−6 )−( 0+ 27+0 ) =−27
1 3 0 1 3
 3 0 1 3 0
| |
M 43=− −2 2 3 −2 2 −[ ( 0+0+2 ) −( 2−9+ 0 ) ] =−9
1 −1 0 1 −1

3 0 2 3 0
| |
M 44= −2 2 0 −2 2 ( 18+0+ 4 )−( 4 +0+0 )=18
1 −1 3 1 −1

24 6 −6 12 24 −8 22 0
B=
[
−8 7 5 14
22 −4 28−8
0−27−918
] t
AdjM =B =
[
6
−6 5
7 −4−27
28−9
12 14−8 18
]
24 −8 −16 0

[ ]
72 72 72 72
6 7 −4 −27
AdjM 72 72 72 72
A−1=
detM −6 5 28 −9
72 72 72 72
12 14 −8 18
72 72 72 72

1 −1 −2
0

[ ]
3 9 9
1 7 −1 −3
A = 12 72 18 8
−1

−1 5 7 −1
12 72 18 8
1 7 −1 1
6 36 9 4