PRACTICA DE REPASO (MATRICES)

Dadas las siguientes Matrices:

1 2 2 2 2 1 2

[ ] [] [ ]
A= 2 1 3 B= 1 C= 1 0 2
1 2 1
Hallar
4 1 2 3

1) A × B
1 2 2 2

[ ][]
2 1 3 × 1
1 2 1 4
Multiplicar las filas de la primera matriz por las columnas de la segunda
2

[]
[ 1 2 2 ] × 1 =( 1 ×2 ) + ( 2 ×1 ) + ( 2 ×4 )
4
2

[]
[ 2 1 3 ] × 1 = (2 ×2 )+ ( 1 ×1 ) + ( 3 × 4 )
4
2

[]
[ 1 2 1 ] × 1 =( 1 ×2 ) + ( 2 ×1 ) + ( 1× 4 )
4
( 1× 2 )+ ( 2× 1 )+ ( 2× 4 ) 12

[ ][ ]
( 2× 2 )+ ( 1×1 )+ ( 3 × 4 ) = 17
( 1× 2 )+ ( 2× 1 )+ (1 × 4 )
2) A ×C
8

1 2 2 2 1 2

[ ][ ]
2 1 3 × 1 0 2
1 2 1 1 2 3
Multiplicar las filas de la primera matriz por las columnas de la segunda
2

[]
[ 1 2 2 ] × 1 =( 1 ×2 ) + ( 2 ×1 ) + ( 2× 1 )
1
1
[]
[ 1 2 2 ] × 0 = (1 ×1 ) + ( 2 ×0 )+ ( 2× 2 )
2
2

[]
[ 1 2 2 ] × 2 =( 1 ×2 ) + ( 2 ×2 ) + ( 2 ×3 )
3

[]
[ 2 1 3 ] × 1 =( 2 ×2 ) + ( 1 ×1 ) + ( 3 ×1 )
1
1

[]
[ 2 1 3 ] × 0 =( 2× 1 )+ ( 1× 0 ) + ( 3 ×2 )
2
 2

[]
[ 2 1 3 ] × 2 =( 2× 2 )+ (1 ×2 )+ (3 × 3 )
3

1
1
[]
[ 1 2 1 ] × 1 =( 1 ×2 ) + ( 2 ×1 ) + ( 1× 1 )

2
2
[]
[ 1 2 1 ] × 0 = (1 ×1 ) + ( 2 ×0 )+ (1 ×2 )

[]
[ 1 2 1 ] × 2 =( 1 ×2 ) + ( 2 ×2 ) + ( 1 ×3 )
3

( 1× 2 )+ ( 2× 1 )+ ( 2×1 ) ( 1× 1 ) + ( 2× 0 ) + ( 2 ×2 ) (1 ×2 )+ ( 2 ×2 ) + ( 2 ×3 ) 6 5 12

[
( 2× 2 )+ ( 1× 1 )+ (3 × 1 )
( 1× 2 )+ ( 2× 1 )+ (1 ×1 )
3) A−1
][ ]
( 2× 1 )+ ( 1× 0 ) + ( 3 ×2 ) ( 2 ×2 ) + ( 1 ×2 ) + ( 3 ×3 ) = 8 8 15
( 1× 1 ) + ( 2× 0 ) + ( 1 ×2 ) (1 ×2 )+ (2 ×2 )+ ( 1 ×3 ) 5 3 9

−1
1 2 2 1 2 2 1 0 0

[ ] [ | ]
2 1 3 =2 1 3
1 2 1
R1 ↔ R2
1 2 1
0 1 0
0 0 1

2 1 30 1 0

[ | ]
1 2 21 0 0
1 2 10 0 1
1
R2 ← R2 − R 1
2
2 1 3 0 1 0

[ | ]
0
3
2
1 2
1
1
2
1
10 0

R3 ← R3 − R 1
−1
2
0
1

2
2 1 3 0 1 0

[ | ]
0

0
3
2
3
2
1
2
−1
2
R3 ← R3 −1 R2
1

0
−1
2
−1
2
0

2 1 3 0 1 0

[ | ]
0
0
3 1
2 2
1
−1

0 −1 −1 0
2
0
1
R3 ←−1 R3
2 1 3 0 1 0

[ | ]
0
0
3
2
0
1
1
2
1
−1
2
0
1 1 0 −1

R2 ← R2 − R 3
2
2 1 3 0 1 0

[ | ]
0
3
2
0 0
0
1
2
1 1
R1 ← R2−3 R 3
−1 1
2 2
0 −1

2 1 0 −3 1 3

[ | ]
0
3
2
0 0
2
R2 ← R 2
0
1 1
1 −1 1
2 2 2
0 −1

3
−3 1 3

[2 1 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
3
1
R1 ← R1−1 R2
|
1 −1 1
3 3
0 −1
]
−10 4 8

[2 0 0 3
0 1 0 1
0 0 1 3

1
R1 ← R 1
1
|
3
−1 1
3
0 −1
3

3 ]
2
−5 2 4

[1 0 0 3
|
0 1 0 1 −1 1
0 0 1 3
1
3

3
0 −1
3

3 ]
−5 2 4
−1

[ ]
3
A = 1 −1 1
3
1
3

3
0 −1
3

1) A−1 (método del pivote)

 1 2 21 0 0

[ | ]2 1 30 1 0
1 2 10 0 1

−1 −2 0 1 0 −2

[ | ]
−1 −5 0 0 1 −3
1 2 10 0 1

1 2 0 −1 0 2

[ | ]
−1 −5 0 0 1 −3
1 2 1 0 0 1

1 2 0 −1 0 2

[ | ]
0 −3 0 −1 1 −5
0 0 1 1 0 −1

1 2 0 −1 0 2

[ |
0 0 1 1 ]
0 1 0 1/3 −1/3 5/3
0 −1

−5 2 4

[ | ]
1 0 0 3
0 1 0 1
0 0 1 3
1
3
−1 1
3
3

3
0 −1

−5 2 4

[ ]
3
1
3
1
3
−1 1
3
3

3
0 −1

4) C−1
−1
2 1 2 2 1 21 0 0

[ ] [ | ]
1 0 2
1 2 3
1
= 1 0 20 1 0
1 2 30 0 1

R2 ← R2 − R 1
2
2 1 2 1 0 0

[ | ]
0
−1

1 2
2
1
−1
2
3 0
1 0
0 1
 1
R3 ← R3 − R 1
2
2 1 2 1 0 0

[ | ]
0

1
−1

R2 ↔ R3
2
3
2
1

2
−1
2
−1
2
1 0

0 1

2 1 2 1 0 0

[ | ]
0

0
3
2
−1
2
1
R 3 ← R3 + R 2
2

1
−1
2
−1
2
0 1

1 0

3
2 1 2 1 0 0

[ | ]
0

3
3
2

R3 ← R3
0
2
−1
2
5 −2
3 3
0

1
1
1
3

5
1 0 0

[ ]
2 1 2
0
3
2
0 0 1
−1
2 2
−2
5
| 0
3
5
1
1
5
R2 ← R2 −2 R3
1 0 0

[ ]
2 1 2
0
3
2
0 01
3
0 10
−2
5
| −6
5
3
5
3
5
1
5
R1 ← R1−2 R3
9 −6 −2

[ 2
0

2
1
3
2
0 0

R2 ← R 2
3
0 5

|
0
3
10
1 −2
5
5
−6
5
3
5
5
3
5

5
1 ]
 9 −6 −2

[2 1 0
0 1 0
0 0 1 |
5
1 −4
5
−2
5
R1 ← R1−1 R2
5

5
3
5
5
2
5
1
5
]
8 −2 −4

[2 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1 |
5
1
5
−2

1
5

R 1 ← R 1− R 1
2
5
−4
5
3
5
5
2
5
1
5
]
4 −1 −2

[1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1 |
5
1
5
−2
5
5
−4
5
3
5
5
2
5
1
5
]
4 −1 −2

−1
C =

[ ]
5
1
5
−2
5
5
−4
5
3
5
5
2
5
1
5