5.

a)
17 −10 −5
A = [ 45 −18 −15]
−30 20 12
17 − 𝜆 −10 −5
(A - 𝜆 ∙ I) = | 45 −18 − 𝜆 −15 | = (17 − 𝜆)( −18 − 𝜆)( 12 − 𝜆) –
−30 20 12 − 𝜆
- 4500 – 4500 – 150(−18 − 𝜆) + 300(17 − 𝜆) + 450 (2 − 𝜆) = −𝜆3 + 𝜆2 + 8𝜆-12=
= ( 𝜆 − 2)( - 𝜆2 – 𝜆 + 6) = ( 𝜆 − 2) ( 𝜆 − 2) ( 𝜆 + 3)

Za 𝜆 = −3
9
− 𝐼𝑣 + 𝐼𝐼𝑣
4
3 20 −10 −5
20 −10 −5 2𝐼𝑣 + 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑣
0 − 2 − 4 2∗𝐼 𝑣 + 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑣
5 15
[ 45 −25 −15] → →
−30 20 15 15
[0 −5 − 2 ]

20 −10 −5
5 15 5 15 3
[0 −2 − 4 ] − x2 =
2 4
x2 ⟹ x2 = - x3
2
0 0 0
1
20 x1= 5x3 + 10 x2 ⟹ x1 = - x3
2

1 1
x1 − x3 −
2 2
L ([x2 ]) = L ([ − 3 x ]) = L ([ − 3 ])
x3 2 3 2
x3 1
Za 𝜆 = 2
−3𝐼𝑣 + 𝐼𝐼𝑣
15 −10 −5 2𝐼𝑣 + 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑣 15 −10 −5
[ 45 −30 −15] → [0 0 0]
−30 20 10 0 0 0
2x2 +x3
15 x1= 5x3 + 10 x2 ⟹ x1 =
3
 2x2 +x3 2x 1 2 1
x1 2 x
3 3 3 3 3 3
L ([x2 ]) = L ([ x2 ]) = L ([ x ] , [ 0 ]) = L ([ 1 ] , [ 0 ])
x3 2
x 3 0 x3 0 1
1 −3𝐼𝑣 + 𝐼𝐼𝑣
2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1
− − 2
− 𝐼𝑣 + 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑣 −
2 3 3 2𝐼𝑣 + 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑣 2 3 3 3
2 3 3
[− 1 0] → 0 −1 −1 → 0 −1 −1
3
2 4 5 1
1 0 1 [ 0 3 3 ] [0 0 3 ]

- vektori su linearno nezavisni ⟹ može se dijagonalizovati.

5. b)
I) način
−4𝐼𝑣+ 𝐼𝐼𝑣 20
𝐼𝐼 + 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑣 , 𝑎≠12
1 3 1 4 −7𝐼𝑣+ 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑣 1 3 1 4 𝑎−12 𝑣
4
4 𝑎 10 1 −2𝐼𝑣+ 𝐼𝑉𝑣 0 𝑎 − 12 6 −15 𝐼𝐼 +
𝑎−12 𝑣
𝐼𝑉𝑣
[ ]→ [ ]→
7 1 17 10 0 −20 10 −18
2 2 4 5 0 −4 2 −3
1 3 1 4
0 𝑎 − 12 6 −15 𝑎−12 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑣 1 3 1 4
10𝑎 −18𝑎−84 𝑎−12 𝐼𝑉𝑣 0 𝑎 − 12 6 −15
0 0 → [ ]
𝑎−12 𝑎−12 0 0 10𝑎 −18𝑎 − 84
2𝑎 −3𝑎−24 0 0 2𝑎 −3𝑎 − 24
[0 0
𝑎−12 𝑎−12 ]
1
1 3 1 4
−
5
𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑣+ 𝐼𝑉𝑣 0 𝑎 − 12 6 −15
→ [ ]
0 0 10𝑎 −18𝑎 − 84
0 0 0 3𝑎 − 36
Za a=0
1 3 1 4 36
1 3 1 4
− 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑣 + 𝐼𝑉𝑣
0 −12 6 −15 84 0 −12 6 −15
[ ]→ [ ] rank A = 3
0 0 0 −84 0 0 0 −84
0 0 0 −36 0 0 0 0
Za a = 12
 −4𝐼𝑣+ 𝐼𝐼𝑣
1 3 1 4 −7𝐼𝑣+ 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑣 1 3 1 4
4 12 10 1 −2𝐼𝑣+ 𝐼𝑉𝑣 0 0 6 −15 𝐼𝐼𝑣 ⇄ 𝐼𝑉𝑣
[ ]→ [ ]→
7 1 17 10 0 −20 10 −18
2 2 4 5 0 −4 2 −3
1 3 1 4 1 3 1 4
0 −4 2 −3 −5𝐼𝐼𝑣+ 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑣 0 −4 2 −3 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑣 ⇄ 𝐼𝑉𝑣
[ ]→ [ ]→
0 −20 10 −18 0 0 0 −3
0 0 6 −15 0 0 6 −15
1 3 1 4
0 −4 2 −3
[ ] rank A = 4
0 0 6 −15
0 0 0 −3

Za a≠0 i a≠12

rank A = 4

II) način
−2𝐼𝑣+ 𝐼𝐼𝑣
1 3 1 4 1 3 1 4 −7𝐼𝑣+ 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑣 1 3 1 4
4 𝑎 10 1 𝐼𝐼𝑣 ⇄ 𝐼𝑉𝑣 2 2 4 5 −4𝐼𝑣+ 𝐼𝑉𝑣 0 −4 2 −3
[ ]→ [ ]→ [ ]
7 1 17 10 7 1 17 10 0 −20 10 −18
2 2 4 5 4 𝑎 10 1 0 𝑎 − 12 6 −15
−5𝐼𝐼𝑣 + 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑣 1 3 1 4 1 3 1 4
𝑎−12
4
𝐼𝐼𝑣+ 𝐼𝑉𝑣 0 −4 2 −3 𝐼𝐼𝑣 ⇄ 𝐼𝑉𝑣 0 −4 2 −3
→ 0 0 0 −3 → [ 𝑎 ]
𝑎
0 0 −3𝑎 − 24
2
[0 0 −3𝑎 − 24]
2 0 0 0 −3
Za a=0
1 3 1 4 3
1 3 1 4
− 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑣 + 𝐼𝑉𝑣
0 −4 2 −3 24 0 −12 6 −15
[ ]→ [ ] rank A = 3
0 0 0 −24 0 0 0 −24
0 0 0 −3 0 0 0 0

Za a≠0 rank A = 4