a !

ø The negative particle na<; sense of: absence, inadequacy,

difference
ab!dhita !ø×øøúÐøÇø not subject to negation, unimpeded

abh!va/ !øÙøøéø: the state of non-existence, total absence

abhayd!nam ! giving a promise, assurance, or guarantee of safety or

protection
øÙøÞøÌøÒø
Ûø}
abhayam !øÙøÞøÛø} absence or removal of fear

abheda/ !øÙø+Ì: identity, absence of difference

abhid!bhavan! ! idea of non-duality (between brahman and self)

øúÙøÌøÙøøé
øÒøø
abhidh!nam ! name, dictionary

øúÙøÐøøÒø
Ûø}
abhidheyam ! what is named

øúÙøÐø+Þø
Ûø}
abhihita !øúÙøùôÇø placed upon, said, asserted

abhim!na/ ! identification with a position which is not an intrinsic part of

oneself, pride
øúÙøÛøøÒø:
abhim!n" ! the one who identifies with the physical body

øúÙøÛøøÒø
û
abhi`eka/ !øúÙøðø+¡¢: ritual, sprinkling, bathing, coronation

abhisneha/ ! extreme attachment, possessiveness

øúÙøóøÓ+ô:
abhy!sa/ !øÙÞøøòø: repeated practice

acala !ø²øæ unmoving, steady

!c!ra/ !øø²øøá: conduct, behaviour, response to the world

!c!rya/ !øø²øøÞøâ: teacher

acetas !ø²ø+Çøòø} one without viveka/ or discrimination

acintya !øú²øÒÇÞø not available for objectification

!dara/ !øøÌá: respect, attention, beginning, effort

adbhutam !øpÚüÇøÛø} increase, a wonder, unexpected occurrence

!de_a/ !øøÌ+íø: substitute, replacement, order, advice, illustration, command

adhamaguru/ !øÐøÛøªøü): a teacher who is established in the self but does not have
communication skills
adharma/ !øÐøÛøâ: improper action

!dhibhautika ! caused by earthly events, relating to natural causes

øøúÐøÙøøeú
Çø¡¢
-1-
!dhidaivika ! relating to deities, caused by fate

øøúÐøÌeúéø¡
¢
adhik!ra/ !øúÐø¡¢øá: choice, authority, position, effort

adhikara@am ! agreement, grammatical relation, location, topic, chapter,

section
øúÐø¡¢ámø
Ûø}
adhik!r" !øúÐø¡¢øáû one qualified for self-knowledge

adhi`>h!nam ! the substance of which something is made, basis

øúÐøñÂøÒø
Ûø}
adhi`>h!n! ! what does not enjoy the status of being other than the
substance
nanyatvam øúÐøñÂøÒø
øÒøÒÞøÇéø
Ûø}
adhy!ropa/ ! superimposition

øÐÞøøáø+Õ
ø:
adhy!sa/ !øÐÞøøòø: imposition, false attribution

!dhy!tmika ! belonging to the person, concerning an individual

øøÐÞøøúÇÛ
ø¡¢
adhy!ya/ !øÐÞøøÞø: chapter, study, student

!di !øøùÌ cause, first; in compound-beginning with

aditi !øùÌúÇø free, boundless, unlimited, whole

ad$`>a !øÌ;ñÀ unseen (karmic results)

advaita !øÌêeÇø non-dual, without fear

advaya !øÌêÞø not two, unique

!gama/ !øøªøÛø: sacred text, _!stram,

_ruti/
!g!mi !øøªøøúÛø newly gathered karma, j<!n"'s karma exhausted in this
life
agni/ !øúªøÓ: fire

agocara !øªøø+²øá not available for perception or inference, not obvious,

beyond the power of words
agotra !øªøø+Êø unconnected, without any lineage

aha;k!ra/ !øôw£¯øá: sense of self, self-image, ego

ahi*s! !øùô@òøø abstaining from killing or harming others in thought, word or

deed; non-injury
!huti/ !øøôüúÇø: offering, oblation

aikyam %+¡¢àÛø} identity

ai_varyam % overlordship, power, wealth, a bhaga/

+îøêÞøâÛø}

-2-
ajahallak`a@! ! implication where the primary or original sense of a word
does not disappear
øjøôèæ¦ømøø
aj<! !ø¹øø order, command

akam !ø¡¢Ûø} problem, sorrow, du/kham

!k!;k`! !øø¡¢øw§¯ø expectancy, desiring, looking at, intention

akart! !ø¡¢Çøøâ the non-doer, j"vanmukta/, j<!n"

!k!_a/ !øø¡¢øíø: space

akasm!d !ø¡¢òÛøøÌ} (ind.) suddenly, without cause

akha@?a !ø¨øm® division free, whole, complete

akhila !øú¨øæ whole, entire, complete

!khy! !øø¨Þøø name, appearance

!khy!nam ! story, communication

øø¨ÞøøÒøÛø
}
!khy!yik! ! narrative story

øø¨ÞøøúÞø¡¢
ø
ak`ara !ø¦øá indestructible, undying, imperishable, immutable

alam !øæÛø} (ind.) enough

!lambanam ! symbol, support, something loaded with something else

øøæÛ×øÒøÛ
ø}
alambuddhi/ ! false notion

øæÛ×øüúpÑ:
!loka/ !øøæø+¡¢: light, seeing, appearance

!locanam ! inquiry, analysis, perceiving

øøæø+²øÒøÛ
ø}
alpa !øèÕø little, small

am!nitvam ! absence of pride and arrogance

øÛøøúÒøÇé
øÛø}
!mantra@am ! permission, calling out to

øøÛøÒÊømø
Ûø}
am$tam !øÛø;ÇøÛø} nectar of immortality

am$tatvam ! immortality, mok`a/

øÛø;ÇøÇéø
Ûø}
a*_a/ !ø@íø: part, member, aspect

am#rta !øÛøþÇøâ formless, indestructible

-3-
anabhi`va<ga/ ! absence of extreme attachment

øÒøúÙøðéø
w«¯:
an!di !øÒøøùÌ beginningless e.g. j"va/,
"_vara/, cid!tm!,
j"ve_var!bheda/, avidy!, taccito/ yoga/
anadhigata ! what cannot be arrived at by perception and inference

øÒøúÐøªøÇø
anala/ !øÒøæ: fire

analam !øÒøæÛø} never enough

an!maya !øÒøøÛøÞø free from affliction, healthy

!nanda/ !øøÒøÒÌ: the true nature of happiness, wholeness, ananta/

!nandamayako_a/ ! the causal body, abiding in ignorance; !nandamaya -
øøÒøÒÌÛøÞ nothing but knowledge or saturation of degrees of
happiness
ø¡¢ø+íø:
ananta !øÒøÒÇø limitless, eternal, endless, boundless, infinite

anantara !øÒøÒÇøá immediately adjoining

anantaram ! after

øÒøÒÇøáÛø
}
ananya !øÒøÒÞø without another, unique

anartha/ !øÒøËøâ: problem, useless object, misfortune, that which you do not
want
an!tm! !øÒøøÇÛøø all that is other than self

anavasth! !øÒøéøòËøø infinite regression, absence of conclusion

andha !øÒÐø blind

aneka !øÒø+¡¢ various, many

a<gam !øw«¯Ûø} the body, a limb, portion

anirvacan"ya ! cannot be taken as satyam or non-existent, understood by

øúÒøéøâ²øÒ implication only, that which cannot be defined

øûÞø
an"_! !øÒøûíøø helplessness

anitya !øúÒøÇÞø limited, time-bound

annam !øNøÛø} food (bhak`yam - masticated, bhojyam - drunk,

lehyam - licked, co`yam - sucked)
annamayako_a/ ! food modification sheath, physical body

øNøÛøÞø¡¢ø
+íø:
an$tam !øÒø;ÇøÛø} untruth, deception, false

anta/kara@am !øÒÇø: the mind, the instrument inside

¡¢ámøÛø}
!ntara !øøÒÇøá internal

-4-
antargata !øÒÇøªøâÇø included, gone into, belonging to

antarik`am ! space, sky, between heaven and earth

øÒÇøùá¦øÛø
}
antike !øúÒÇø¡+¢ near, closely

a@u !ømøü subtle, minute

anubandha/ ! beginning, attachment, unbroken sequence, descendants,

result, intention, connection to the _!stram, an adjunct
øÒøü×øÒÐø
:
anubh!ti ! shines after, reflects only

øÒøüÙøøúÇ
ø
anubhava/ !øÒøüÙøéø: experience, immediate recognition, pure caitanyam,
direct perception
anubh#ti/ ! perception, unqualified experience, immediate recognition,
knowledge
øÒøüÙøþúÇ
ø:
anugraha/ !øÒøüªøãô: acceptance, chance kindness, help

anum!nam ! inference - a pram!@am

øÒøüÛøøÒø
Ûø}
anupalabdhi/ ! means of knowing what is non-existent - a pram!@am,
øÒøüÕøæú× non-recognition

Ðø:
anur#pa !øÒøü*Õø like, suitable, according to

anusandh!nam ! inquiry, examination, _rava@am-mananam-

øÒøüòøÒÐø nididhy!sanam, equipping with the necessary
øÒøÛø} materials

anu_!ya/ !øÒøüíøøÞø: regret, sorrow, anger

anu`>ubh ! metre with eight syllables per quarter - common in g"t!

øÒøüñÀýÙø
}
anusy#ta ! imminent, woven together closely, linked to

øÒøüòÞøþÇø
anuv!da/ !øÒøüéøøÌ: repetition of what is already mentioned, illustration,
restatement
anuv$tti/ ! continuation

øÒøüéø;úÉÇ
ø:
anvayavat ! having connections or attributes

øÒéøÞøéøÇø
}
-5-
anvayavyatireka/ ! co-presence co-absence, logical differentiation, positive and
negative assertion
øÒéøÞøéÞøú
Çøá+¡¢:
any!pek`a ! dependent on some other factor

øÒÞøøÕø+¦ø
anyony!dhy!sa/ ! mutual superimposition

øÒÞøø+ÒÞø
øÐÞøøòø:
anyony!_raya/ ! mutual dependence

øÒÞøø+ÒÞø
øîøãÞø:
ap!na/ !øÕøøÒø: evacuation - a pr!@a/ seated in the kidneys
aparavidy! !øÕøáúéøÏø any knowledge other than self-knowledge
aparigraha !øÕøùáªøãô without possessions, renunciation
aparok`a !øÕøáø+¦ø what is self-evident (i.e. self), not distant, immediate

!p!taj<!nam ! generally known

øøÕøøÇø¹øø
ÒøÛø}
apauru`eya ! of divine origin, not set up by man

øÕøøe)ðø+Þ
ø
apav!da/ !øÕøéøøÌ: negation, refutation, exception

apek`! !øÕø+¦øø requirement, necessity, dependence

apek`ita !øÕø+ú¦øÇø referred to, expected, in a relative sense

apr!ptam ! solution requiring effort

øÕøãøÖøÛø
}
apr!ptasya pr!pti/ ! gain of the not gained

øÕøãøÖøòÞø
ÕøãøúÖø:
!ptak!lasanny!sa/ ! sanny!sa/ taken by one for the sake of gaining
øøÖø¡¢øæòø knowledge; !patsanny!sa/
NÞøøòø:
!pyam !øøÕÞøÛø} that which can be gained or reached, one of the four
possible results of karma
!rabhya !øøáÙÞø (ind.) beginning with, since

!r!ma/ !øøáøÛø: delight, pleasure

!rambha/ !øøáÛÙø: beginning, commencement, effort

arcanam !ø²øâÒøÛø} offering, ritual

arcimat !øú²øâÛøÇø} self-effulgent, awareness, flame-like
!rjavam !øøjøâéøÛø} straightforwardness, honesty
-6-
arka/ !ø¡â¢: sun, lightning

!ropa/ !øøáø+Õø: attributing the nature or qualities of one thing to another

!ropita ! the superimposed object - e.g. the snake of rope-snake, an!

øøáø+ùÕøÇø tm!, fixed
arpa@am !øÕøâmøÛø} offering

arhtabodhakatvam ! ability to convey sense or meaning

øËøâ×øø+Ðø
¡¢ÇéøÛø}
arth!dy!sa/ ! see nirup!dhik!dhy!sa/
øËøøâÐÞøøò
ø:
arthazh !øËøâ: object, purpose, aim, security, wealth

arth!patti/ ! presumption, assumption of a thing not itself perceived but

implied by what is perceived - a pram!@am
øËøøâÕøúÉ
Çø:
arthav!da/ !øËøâéøøÌ: praise, affirmation

arth" !øËøûâ one who is interested in something

aruci/ !ø)ú²ø: distaste, knowing the impropriety of an expression, aversion

!r#?ha !øø*Ä loaded, seated on, mounted

aru@a/ !ø)mø: dawn

!_! !øøíøø priority, scheme, hope

as!dh!ra@a ! particular, specific

øòøøÐøøámø
asakta/ !øòøÇøl: free of attachment, not entangled

!sakti/ !øøòøúÇøl: dependence, attachment

!sanam !øøòøÒøÛø} posture, mode of sitting, seat

asandigdha !øòøúÒ̪Ðø not leaving any doubt, certain, distinct

asa;ga/ !øòøw«¯: unattached

asat !øòøÇø} neither self-existent nor non-existent

!_caryam !øøïøÞøâÛø} wonder, surprise

asiddhi/ !øúòøúpÑ: failure, a conclusion not warranted by the data

a_i`>a !øúíøñÀ ill-bred, unrefined

!_rama/ !øøîøãÛø: each of the four periods of religious life - brahmacarya -

student, gr!hasthya - married householder, v!
naprastha - forest recluse, sanny!sa - renunciate;
dwelling place of religious devotees
!_ramavyavasth! ! individual life station defined by duties

øøîøãÛøéÞøé
øòËøø
!_raya/ !øøîøãÞø: that on which anything depends or rests, locus, substantive,
what has an attribute
!_rita !øøúîøãÇø resting in, located on, dependent on, placed

-7-
!stika/ !øøúòÇø¡¢: one who believes in the veda as pram!@am
asura/ !øòøüá: evil spirit, demon

as#y! !øòøþÞøø intolerance (someone has some virtue and you look for a
defect in him to discount the virtue)
a_vinau !øúîøêÒøøe deity of nose - smell, nose

ati !øúÇø (ind.) prefix used with adjectives and adverbs indicating
excess, very, too; with verbs indicating: over, beyond;
with nouns: beyond, surpassing, superior to
atisneha/ ! extreme attachment, over-affection

øúÇøóøÓ+ô:
at"ta !øÇøûÇø transcendent, beyond definition, beyond

atithi/ !øúÇøúËø: guest, visitor, traveller

!tm! !øøÇÛøø the self, that which is unfolded by the teaching

!tmaka !øøÇÛø¡¢ made of, formed of, of the nature of

!tm!n!tmaviveka/ ! analysis by which !tm! is arrived at; _ariratrayavic!

øøÇÛøøÒøø ra/, pa<cako_aviveka/, avasth!trayavic!ra/,
ÇÛøúéøéø+ inquiry into !tm! and an!tm!
¡¢:
atyant!sat ! totally non-existent

øÇÞøÒÇøøò
øÇø}
aupac!rika ! figurative, secondary; a use of genitive case

øøeÕø²øøùá¡
¢
avadh!ra@am ! covering, obscuring, ignorance, affirmation, emphasis

øéøÐøøámø
Ûø}
avagati/ !øéøªøúÇø: vision, knowledge, perception

avara !øéøá lower, inferior

!vara@am ! a covering, ignorance removed by inquiry, an obscuring

øøéøámøÛø}
avar@a !øéømøâ without features, colourless

ava_a/ !øéøíø: without power, necessary, unswaying, self-willed

avasth! !øéøòËøø state, condition

avasth!trayam ! three states of experience - deep sleep, dream, waking

øéøòËøøÊøÞ
øÛø}
avat!ra/ !øéøÇøøá: the Lord appearing in a certain form for a certain reason

av!ya/ !øéøøÞø: limb

avidy! !øúéøÏø ignorance

avidyopadhi/ ! the ignorance up!dhi/ of the j"va

øúéøÏø+Õøø

-8-
 úÐø:
avik!rya !øúéø¡¢øÞøâ immutable, invariable

avikriya !øúéøù¡ã¢Þø not undergoing modification, immutable

avy!k$ta !øéÞøø¡;¢Çø undifferentiated, not manifest

avyakta !øéÞøÇøl not manifest, not apparent, unknown, avidy!, m!y!

avyaktam !øéÞøÇølÛø} the unmanifest condition

avy!p!r" ! one who does not perform action

øéÞøøÕøøáû
avyavas!ya/ ! absence of determination or conviction

øéÞøéøòøøÞ
ø:
avyaya !øéÞøÞø undecaying, indeclinable, unchanging

!y!sa/ !øøÞøøòø: effort, difficulty

!yatanam ! abode, place

øøÞøÇøÒøÛ
ø}
!yus !øøÞøüòø} life, duration of life

b!dha/ ×øøÐø: negation, objection

b!dhita ×øøúÐøÇø negated, opposed, contradicted

bahula ×øôüæ many, numerous

bahuvr"hi/ ×øôüéøãûùô: (lit. possessing much rice) - Sanskrit compound which tells
the relationship of the whole compound to some other
word outside the compound. The final compound
member, a noun, serves as an adjective
b!hya ×øøöà external

b!hy!rthasukham ×øøöàøËøâò pleasure born of external objects

øü¨øÛø}
b!hyendriyam ×øøöà+úÒÌã external organ e.g. the eye

ÞøÛø}
balam ×øæÛø} strength, force

bandha/ ×øÒÐø: bondage

bh! Ùøø light, brahmavidy!

bhadra ÙøÌã auspicious, sacred, blessed, excellent

bhaga/ Ùøªø: all wealth, all virtues, excellence

bh!ga/ Ùøøªø: part, division, fraction

bh!gaty!galak`a@! ÙøøªøÇÞøøª implication where a word loses its primary sense but a part
of the sense is retained - e.g. so'yam devadatta/;
øæ¦ømøø
jah!jahadlak`a@!
bhagav!n ÙøªøéøøÒø} the Lord

bhakti/ ÙøúÇøl: the recognition (that the Lord is giver of the fruits of action)
which makes one a devotee, love without duality,
devotion, committed love
bh!rata ÙøøáÇø India, descendants of bharata

-9-
bh!`yak!ra/ ÙøøðÞø¡¢øá: author of a commentary, _a;kara, the sun
bh!`yam ÙøøðÞøÛø} commentary

bh!ti ÙøøúÇø it shines; self-effulgent e.g. sun or !tm!

bh!va/ Ùøøéø: existence, state of being, existent

bh!van! ÙøøéøÒøø attitude, conception, feeling of devotion, meditation

bhayam ÙøÞøÛø} fear

bheda/ Ùø+Ì: difference, separation, duality, disturbance

bhik`! úÙø¦øø anything given as alms, begging

bhinna úÙøNø divided

bhoga/ Ùøø+ªø: enjoyment

bhogas!dhanam Ùøø+ªøòøøÐ means of enjoying, s#k`ma_ar"ram

øÒøÛø}
bhogyam Ùøø+ªÞøÛø} an object of experience or enjoyment

bhokt! Ùøø+Çølø enjoyer, experiencer

bhr!ntam ÙøãøÒÇøÛø ignorance, error, mistake

}
bhr!nti/ ÙøãøúÒÇø: confusion, delusion

bh#ta/ ÙøþÇø: a being, an element

b"jam ×øûjøÛø} seed, source, cause

bimba/ ú×øÛ×ø: reflection, object, mirror

bodhik! ×øø+úÐø¡¢ø that which reveals or conveys

brahm! ×øãöÜø deity of the buddhi/, the creator

brahman ×øãöÜÒø} truth of everything, the meaning of 'satyam j<!nam
anantam'
brahm!@?am ×øãöÜøm®Û the cosmos; lit. egg of brahman
ø}
brahmavidy! ×øãöÜúéøÏø the teaching with reference to realities

b$hat ×ø;ôÇø} great, big, that which sustains everything

buddhi/ ×øüúpÑ: the intellect, reasoning, knowledge, recognition, will,

deliberate thought
caitanyam ²øeÇøÒÞøÛø awareness, cit
}
cakr!tmakam ²ø¡ã circular logic

¢øÇÛø¡¢Ûø}
cak`u/ ²ø¦øü: eye

candram!/ ²øÒÌãÛøø: deity of cittam - memory, the moon

ce`>! ²ø+ñÀø movement of limbs

cetana ²ø+ÇøÒø alive, sentient, living

chandas µÒÌòø} discipline of prosody and metre; one of the six ved!;gas
ch!ndasam µøÒÌòøÛø} grammatical exceptions found in the veda
cik"r`! ú²ø¡¢ûðøøâ desire for doing, will

- 10 -
cikits! ú²øù¡¢Çòøø treatment, curing, administering remedies
cinmayam ú²øÒÛøÞøÛ pure intelligence, nothing but awareness
ø}
cintanam ú²øÒÇøÒøÛ mental prayer
ø}
cit ú²øÇø} limitless self-effulgent awareness, the self-revealing

cittam ú²øÉÇøÛø} memory

daivam ÌeéøÛø} the Lord's influence, fortune, luck

daivika Ìeúéø¡¢ relating to the gods, divine

dak`i@! Ìú¦ømøø offering

dak`i@!m#rti/ Ìú¦ømøøÛøþ sad!_iva, deity of !tmavidy!

úÇøâ:
dama/ ÌÛø: mastery, control of sense organs and organs of action

dar_anam ÌíøâÒøÛø} seeing

d!r`>!nta ÌøñÀøâÒÇø what is explained by a d$`>!nta/
day! ÌÞøø compassion, empathy

de_a/ Ì+íø: place, spot, country

de_ak! Ì+íø¡¢øæéøò being bound by time, space, and attribute

lavastupariccheda/ ÇøüÕøùá²µ+
Ì:
de_ika/ Ì+úíø¡¢: teacher, guru
deva/ Ì+éø: a god or deity

devat! Ì+éøÇøø deity

dhairyam ÐøeÞøâÛø} courage, strength

dhanam ÐøÒøÛø} wealth

dh!ra@am ÐøøámøÛø} fixing up the mind, a capacity to concentrate; one of the

eight a;gas of pata<jali's yoga
dharma/ ÐøÛøâ: law, practice, custom, virtue, duty, propriety, order, attribute

dharmya ÐøÛÞøâ consistent with duty, in keeping with dharmazh

dh!tu/ ÐøøÇøü: verbal root, essential part

dh"/ Ðøû: anta/kara@am, knowledge, all thought, the subtle body

dh"ra/ Ðøûá: wise man, hero, the one with direction

dh$ti/ Ðø;úÇø: resolution, perseverance, concentration, satisfaction

dhuva Ðøüéø firm, fixed, permanent, unchanging

dhy!nam ÐÞøøÒøÛø} religious meditation, abstract contemplation; one of the eight

a;gas of pata<jali's yoga
dhyeyam ÐÞø+ÞøÛø} object of meditation
dik ùÌ¡}¢ deity of ear - hearing, four quarters

d"k`! Ìû¦øø initiation

d"pa/ ÌûÕø: light

d"rgha Ìû¬øâ long, lasting long

- 11 -
divya ùÌéÞø heavenly, self-effulgent, extraordinary, not worldly

do`a/ Ìø+ðø: defect, error, fault

dravyam ÌãéÞøÛø} creation, thing, material ingredient of anything, substance,

substantive
d$?hani_caya/ Ì;ÄúÒøïøÞø: firm conclusion

d$gd$_yaviveka/ Ì;ªÌ;íÞøúéøéø method of seer-seen inquiry

+¡¢:
d$k Ì;¡}¢ seer

d$`>a Ì;ñÀ seen (karmic results)

d$`>ana`>asvabh! Ì;ñÀÒøñÀòé the state of constantly changing while being seen

vatvam øÙøøéøÇéø
Ûø}
d$`>!nta/ Ì;ñÀøÒÇø: an example, illustration

d$`>i/ Ì;úñÀ: vision, conclusion

d$_yam Ì;íÞøÛø} object of sight

du/kham Ìü:¨øÛø} sorrow, pain, grief, displeasure

d#re Ìþá+ far away

duritam ÌüùáÇøÛø} an evil, sin

durlabha ÌüæâÙø difficult to be attained or accomplished

durvij<eya Ìüúéøâ¹ø+Þø difficult to understand, vastu

du`k$tam Ìüð¡;¢ÇøÛø} sin, p!pam, adharma/
du`p#ra ÌüðÕøþá hard to fulfill, impossible to satisfy, insatiable

dvandvam ÌêÒÌêÛø} pair, Sanskrit compound of two or more things which are
translated with 'and'
dve_a/ Ìê+íø: dislike, distaste

eka %¡¢ one, alone, identical, unchanged, singular

ek!grat! %¡¢øªøãÇøø having one object (of pursuit)

ekarasa %¡¢áòø nothing but that, non-dual

ekat! %¡¢Çøø identity

e`a@! %ðømøø desiring, seeking

evam %éøÛø} in this way, thus

gandha/ ªøÒÐø: smell

gati/ ªøúÇø: what you actually want (i.e. mok`a/), going

gaurava ªøøeáéø complicated, heavy

g!yatr" ªøøÞøÊøû Vedic mantra used for initiation and daily worship
gr!@am ¬øãømøÛø} nose, sense of smell
gl!ni/ ªæøúÒø: destruction, exhaustion, decay

go ªøø+ cow, earth, word

gocara ªøø+²øá within the range of, dwelling, grazed by cattle, object

gotram ªøø+ÊøÛø} family headed by a $`i/, family

govinda/ ªøø+úéøÒÌ: k$`@a, the one understood by the words of the veda
graha@am ªøãômøÛø} acquiring, perception, comprehending
- 12 -
gr!hya ªøãøöà the object of perception

grantha/ ªøãÒËø: book

guh! ªøüôø cave, the heart

gu@a/ ªøümø: attribute, quality, particular modification, adjective,

sattvam-rajas-tamas as constituents of m!y!,
knot, the vowels: a, e, o
guru/ ªøü): remover of ignorance, teacher of !tmavidy!
har`a/ ôðøâ: joy, pleasure

hasta/ ôòÇø: hand

havi/ ôúéø: offering, oblation

hetu/ ô+Çøü: cause

hita ùôÇø placed, taken, proper, suitable

hitokti/ ùôÇøø+úÇøl: kind or friendly advice, pleasing statement

hrasva öãòéø short

h$d /Ì} buddhi/, heart

h$dayagranthi/ / knot of the heart - i.e. avidy!, kama, karma
ÌÞøªøãúÒËø:
h$`"ke_a/ /ðøû¡+¢íø: Lord of all the senses, kzrzszna
icch! "²µø desire, wish

icch!_akti/ "²µøíøúÇøl: power to desire or wish

indriya/ "úÒÌãÞø: sense organ

indriyapratyak`am "úÒÌãÞøÕøã perception through sense organs

ÇÞø¦øÛø}
indu/ "ÒÌü: deity of hands - grasping

"_a/ #íø: the Lord

i`>am "ñÀÛø} desired, beloved, worshipped, Vedic ritual or sacrifice (p.p.p.

of yaj)
i`>!p#rtam "ñÀøÕøþÇøâ altruistic deeds, acts of charitiy

Ûø}
"_vara/ #îøêá: the Lord "_vara, jagatk!ra@am
itih!sa/ "úÇøôøòø: how it was, history

iva "éø like, as though

ja?am jø®Ûø} inert object

jagatk!ra@am jøªøÇ¡¢øámø cause of the world, "_vara/

Ûø}
j!gradavasth! jøøªøãÌéøòËø the waking state
ø
jahallak`a@! jøôèæ¦ømøø implication where a word loses its primary sense but is used
in some way connected to that sense, e.g. 'a village on
the Ganges'
jalpav!da/ jøèÕøéøøÌ: useless discourse; both conversants know they are right

janma jøÒÛø birth, origin

jantu/ jøÒÇøü: creature, beings subject to birth

- 13 -
japa/ jøÕø: mental repetition

j!tam jøøÇøÛø} a collection

j!ti/ jøøúÇø: family, group, species

jij<!su/ újø¹øøòøü: one who desires !tmavidy!

j"va/ jøûéø: the person identified with the physical body, the individual

j"vanmukta/ jøûéøÒÛøüÇ the one freed while living

øl:
j<!n!dhy!sa/ ¹øøÒøøÐÞøø see sop!dhik!dhy!sa/
òø:
j<!nak!@?a/ ¹øøÒø¡¢øm® the part of the Vedas dealing with self-knowledge,

: upani`ads
j<!nam ¹øøÒøÛø} knowledge; av!dita asandigdham
j<!nani`>h! ¹øøÒøúÒøñ abiding in the knowledge free from thought

ø
j<!na_akti/ ¹øøÒøíøúÇøl power to know

:
j<!nasvar#pam ¹øøÒøòéø*Õ the truth of knowledge (i.e. cit)
øÛø}
j<!nayoga/ ¹øøÒøÞøø+ªø a life devoted to knowledge and free of life's roles, sanny!
: sa/
j<!n" ¹øøÒøû the knower of brahman
j<!paka ¹øøÕø¡¢ that by which something is known, teaching

j<!pti/ ¹øúÖø: understanding, pure awareness, svar#pa of the knower

jvara/ jéøá: temperature, anxiety, concern, anger, frustration

jyoti/ jÞøø+úÇø: awareness, light, brightness

jyoti`am jÞøø+úÇøðø discipline of astronomy and astrology; one of the six

Ûø} ved!;gas
kal! ¡¢æø facet, feature

k!la/ ¡¢øæ: time

k!latraya/ ¡¢øæÊøÞø: the three periods of time: past, present, future

kalpam ¡¢èÕøÛø} science of prescribed rules for rituals; one of the six
ved!;gas
kalpanam ¡¢èÕøÒøÛø} speculation, imagination, device, set up

kalpita ¡¢úèÕøÇø superimposed, formed, imagined, visualized, mithy!

kalpitam ¡¢úèÕøÇøÛø duality

}
kalu`am ¡¢æüðøÛø} impurity, dirt, sin

kaly!@a ¡¢èÞøømø fortunate, beautiful, auspicious

k!ma/ ¡¢øÛø: pleasure, object of desire, desire

k!mak!mi ¡¢øÛø¡¢øúÛ one who follows the dictates of passion, one who desires
pleasures, sa*s!r"
ø
- 14 -
kama@?alu ¡¢Ûøm®æü begging bowl: a li;gam of a s!dhu
k!myakarma ¡¢øÛÞø¡¢Ûø action (ritual) performed for producing a desired result; one
of four vaidikakarma
â
k!rakam ¡¢øá¡¢Ûø} the relation between a noun and a verb in a sentence -
corresponding to the grammatical cases less the
genitive
kara@am ¡¢ámøÛø} action, sense organ, sense, sense expressed by the
instrumental case
k!ra@am ¡¢øámøÛø} cause, instrument, means

k!rik! ¡¢øùá¡¢ø independent exposition, text, collection of verses

karma ¡¢Ûøâ action from free will, certain consequences of action, duty

karmak!@?a/ ¡¢Ûøâ¡¢øm® the part of the veda dealing with rituals and results
:
karmaphalad!t! ¡¢ÛøâÕø "_vara as the giver of the fruits of action
¢æÌøÇøø
karmayoga/ ¡¢ÛøâÞøø+ªø a liferoles
devoted to knowledge including performance of life's

:
karmendriya/ ¡¢Ûø+âúÒÌã organ of action
Þø:
kart! ¡¢Çøøâ the doer, the j"va
karu@! ¡¢)møø compassion, empathy, understanding

k!rya ¡¢øÞøâ object, what is to be done

k!ryak! ¡¢øÞøâ¡¢øám relation of cause and effect

ra@asambandha/ øòøÛ×øÒÐø
:
ka`!ya/ ¡¢ðøøÞø: stain, coloration of the mind

ka_malam ¡¢íÛøæÛø} depression, despair

kau_alam ¡¢øeíøæÛø} the disposition of discretion, expertise, well-being
kavi/ ¡¢úéø: sage, poet

kaya/ ¡¢øÞø: the body, collection

k!yika ¡¢øúÞø¡¢ relating to the body

kevala ¡+¢éøæ whole, absolute, perfect, peculiar, pure, simple, only one,
non-dual
khila/ ú¨øæ: fraction

kirti/ ¡¢ûúÇøâ: fame, light

ko_a/ ¡¢ø+íø: sheath (five which as though cover !tm!), treasury,

dictionary
krama/ ¡ã¢Ûø: order, regular course

kramamukti/ ¡ã gradual liberation

¢ÛøÛøüúÇøl
:
kratu/ ¡ã¢Çøü: sacrifice

kr"?! ¡ã¢û®ø amusement, play using external objects

- 15 -
kriy! ù¡ã¢Þøø an action, doing

kriy!_akti/ ù¡ã power to do or act

¢ÞøøíøúÇøl:
kriy!v!n ù¡ã one endowed with or capable of activity

¢ÞøøéøøÒø}
krodha/ ¡ã¢ø+Ðø: anger

k$p! ¡;¢Õøø grace, compassion

k$tartha/ ¡;¢ÇøËøâ: one who has achieved his purpose

k$tsna ¡;¢ÇóøÓ all, whole, entire

k_!nti/ ¦øøúÒÇø: accomodation

k`ema/ ¦ø+Ûø: protecting what you have, well-being, peace, retaining what
is valuable
k`etram ¦ø+ÊøÛø} place, field, arena

k`"@a/ ¦øûmø: free from, thin, diminished

kulam ¡ü¢æÛø} race, family, community

ku_alam ¡ü¢íøæÛø} discretion, ability to interpret dharma, a happy condition

k#>astha ¡þ¢¾òËø immovable, perpetually the same

k#>astha/ ¡þ¢¾òËø: anvil

l!ghava æø¬øéø simple, light

lak`a@! æ¦ømøø implied or secondary meaning

lak`a@am æ¦ømøÛø} definition, attribute, quality, mark

lak`ita æú¦øÇø indicated, aimed at

lak`yam æ¦ÞøÛø} intended or implied meaning

laukika æøeù¡¢¡¢ worldly

lava/ æéø: fraction, portion

laya/ æÞø: mental absorption with return - as in deep sleep, sloth,

dissolution of cycle of creation
li;gam úæw«¯Ûø} that by which you understand something else, a form that
includes all forms, the form by which one knows _iva,
subtle, the basis for a conclusion
lipta úæÖø stained, covered

lobha/ æø+Ùø: miserliness, greed, avarice

lohitam æø+ùôÇøÛø blood

}
loka/ æø+¡¢: world

mada/ ÛøÌ: vanity, pride, arrogance

madhyamaguru/ ÛøÐÞøÛøªø a teacher of brahmavidy! who is a knower of _!

ü): stram but who is not a brahmani`>ha/
mad"ya ÛøÌûÞø mine, my

maghavan Ûø¬øéøÒø} indra

mah!bh!`yak!ra/ ÛøôøÙøøðÞ pata<cali - a commentator on p!@ini's s#tras on
ø¡¢øá: Sanskrit grammar

- 16 -
mah!v!kyam Ûøôøéøø¡¢à a sentence which reveals the self; akha@?!rtha-
Ûø} bodhika
m!l! Ûøøæø necklace, garland; li;ga of a s!dhu/
mala/ / malam Ûøæ: V impurity

ÛøæÛø}
malina ÛøúæÒø impaired by rajas or tamas, unclean
mananam ÛøÒøÒøÛø} reasoning, analysis, thinking about the teaching
manas ÛøÒøòø} mind - doubt, desire, emotion, perception, ego, memory

ma;galam Ûøw«¯æÛø} prayer, good fortune, blessing, auspicious beginning

manonigraha/ ÛøÒøø+úÒø mastery of the ways of thinking
ªøãô:
mantra/ ÛøÒÊø: repetition, mental prayer

mara@am ÛøámøÛø} death, dying

m!rga/ Ûøøªøâ: path

mar"ci/ Ûøáûú²ø: illusion, mirage, ray of light

matam ÛøÇøÛø} vision, thought, idea, creed, advice, intention

ma>ha/ ÛøÁ: temple, monastery, seminary

m!tram ÛøøÊøÛø} mere

m!tsaryam ÛøøÇòøÞøâ seeing excellence in another's possession, position or
disposition creates a discomfort in the mind, jealousy
Ûø}
m!y! ÛøøÞøø "_vara's up!dhi/ which accounts accounts for mithy!
creation, saccid!nanda's power to create
m!yop!dhi/ ÛøøÞøø+Õø the m!y! condition of !tm! yielding "_varah
øúÐø:
medh! Ûø+Ðøø capacity to remember, retentiveness, intelligence

medh!v" Ûø+Ðøøéøû wise man

m"m!*s! ÛøûÛøø@òø inquiry, investigation, one of the six chief Indian
philosophical systems
ø
mi_ra úÛøîøã mixed, combined, connected

mithy! úÛøËÞøø existing only as dependent on something else, error

moda/ Ûøø+Ì: happy, a degree of happiness (a desired object is obtained)

moha/ Ûøø+ô: confusion, delusion

mok`a/ Ûøø+¦ø: liberation, not returning to sa*s!ra/, !tamvidy!

m$ttik! Ûø;úÉÇø¡¢ø clay
m$tyu/ Ûø;ÇÞøü: deity of elimination of waste, excretory

m#?ha/ ÛøþÄ: ignorant person, deluded

mudr! ÛøüÌãø names for certain positions of the hands and fingers

mukhy!rtha/ Ûøü¨ÞøøËøâ: primary meaning of word or sentence

mukti/ ÛøüúÇøl: liberation, mok`a/
m#lam ÛøþæÛø} basis, principal, base of everything

m#l!vidy! ÛøþæøúéøÏø original ignorance, self-ignorance

- 17 -
mumuk`u/ ÛøüÛøü¦øü: one desirous of liberation

mumuk`utvam ÛøüÛøü¦øüÇ the state of desiring mok`a/

éøÛø}
munizh ÛøüúÒø: one capable of proper inquiry, one who has thought over the
subject matter, sage
m#rkha Ûøþ¨øâ foolish, deluded

naimittikakarma ÒøeúÛøúÉÇ an occasional, periodic, or conditional rite. One of the four

ø¡¢¡¢Ûøâ vaidikakarma
nai`karmyam Òøeð¡¢ÛÞøâ state of actionlessness, perfection, self-knowledge,

Ûø} sarvakarmasanny!sa/
n!ma ÒøøÛø name

n!n! ÒøøÒøø (ind.) many, in different ways, separately

nanu ÒøÒøü a question or objection

naraka/ Òøá¡¢: hell, infernal regions

n!r!ya@a/ ÒøøáøÞømø: the Lord, vi`@u

n!_a/ Òøøíø: destruction, disappearance

na`>a ÒøñÀ lost, destroyed, perished

n!stika/ ÒøøúòÇø¡¢: one who does not believe in veda as pram!@am

nidh!nam úÒøÐøøÒøÛ greatest treasure, mok`a/
ø}
nididhy!sanam úÒøùÌÐÞøøò absorbed meditation, meditation on the nature of brahman
øÒøÛø}
nidr! úÒøÌãø sleep

nimantra@am úÒøÛøÒÊø invitation, summoning

møÛø}
nimittak!ra@am úÒøúÛøÉÇø efficient cause

¡¢øámøÛø}
nind! / nindanam úÒøÒÌø V criticism, blame, abuse

úÒøÒÌÒøÛø
}
nir!h!ra/ úÒøáøôøá: not serving the sense organs, fasting

nira<cana úÒøá¼ø´Òø free of impurity, unstained, unaffected, having no feature

nir!_" úÒøáøíøû one who has no projected, big plans, free from expectation

niravayavatvam úÒøáéøÞøéø being without parts or limbs

ÇéøÛø}
nirgu@a/ úÒøªøüâmø: that which is free from all attributes

nirgu@a* brahma úÒøªøüâmø the Lord free of all attributes - as a substantive for
understanding
@ ×øãöÜ
nirmala úÒøÛøâæ free from dirt or impurities, mok`a/
nirodha/ / úÒøáø+Ðø: control, restraint, obstruction

nirodhanam V

- 18 -
 úÒøáø+ÐøÒ
øÛø}
niruktam úÒø)ÇølÛø} discipline of Vedic etymology, one of the six ved!;gas
nirup!dhik!dhy!sa/ úÒø)ÕøøúÐ mistaking one object for another, arth!dhy!sa/; e.g. rope-
ø¡¢øÐÞøøòø: snake

nirveda úÒøéø+âÌ dispassion leading to _!nta, despair

nirvikalpa úÒøúéøâ¡¢è recognizing no distinctions; as applied to contemplation -
withouth distinction of knower-knowing-known
Õø
nirvik!ra úÒøúéøâ¡¢øá unchanged, unchangeable
nirvi@@a/ úÒøúéøâmm one with dispassion, one indifferent to worldly objects
ø:
nirv$ti/ úÒøéø;âúÇø: mok`a/, peace, pleasure
ni_caya/ úÒøïøÞø: decision, resolution; the nature of buddhi/
ni`edha/ úÒøðø+Ðø: negation, prohibitive rule
ni`iddha úÒøúðøpÑ prohibited, prevented
ni`kalam úÒøð¡¢æÛø} indivisible, without parts, whole
ni_reyas úÒøîøã+Þøò mok`a/
ø}
ni`>h! úÒøñÂø steadiness, adherence, freedom from doubt and vagueness

nitya úÒøÇÞø limitless - what is, was, and will always be

nityakarma úÒøÇÞø¡¢Û any daily or necessary rite. One of four vaidikakarma

øâ
niv$tti/ úÒøéø;úÉÇø abstinence, giving up all other pursuits other than mok`a/
:
niyama/ úÒøÞøÛø: doing certain positive things, interacting with the world
according to the universal values; one of the eight
a;gas of pata<cali's yoga
ny!ya/ ÒÞøøÞø: an illustrated conclusion, example, method, system of logic,
analogy, that which is proper, dharma/
o`adhi/ !øø+ðøúÐø: plant, herb

p!da/ ÕøøÌ: foot

padalak`y!rtha/ ÕøÌæ¦ÞøøËø implied meaning of a word

â:
padam ÕøÌÛø} word, foot, that which is to be accomplished, that by which
an object is known, what is accomplished by knowledge
pad!rtha/ ÕøÌøËøâ: meaning of a word

pak`a/ Õø¦ø: one side of an argument, conditioning member, fraction

pa<ca Õø¼ø´ five

pa<cabh#tam Õø¼ø five element model of creation

´ÙøþÇøÛø}
pa<cas#n!/ Õø¼ø five things in a house which may accidentally be killed

´òøþÒøø:

- 19 -
pa<catattvam Õø¼ø the five elements

´ÇøÉÇéøÛø}
pa<c"kara@am Õø¼ø grossification of five subtle elements

´û¡¢ámøÛø}
pa@?! Õøm®ø wisdom, knowledge

p!@i/ Õøøúmø: hand

p!pam ÕøøÕøÛø} bad fortune, karmic bad credit

para Õøá other, directed outwards, foremost

par!krama/ Õøáø¡ã¢Ûø: facing up to what opposes you, capacity, strength

param ÕøáÛø} brahman, highest point, distinct
paramapuru`!rtha/ ÕøáÛøÕøü)ð utmost pursuit of man, mok`a/
øøËøâ:
p!ram!rthikam ÕøøáÛøøúË that which is self-existent, absolutely real, !tm!
øâ¡¢Ûø}
parampar! ÕøáÛÕøáø Indian teaching lineage, uninterrupted series, succession
p!ratantryam ÕøøáÇøÒÊÞ dependence
øÛø}
parava_a Õøáéøíø in another's hands, overpowered by emotion, controlled by
another person
paravidy! ÕøáúéøÏø knowledge that is self, !tmavidy!
par!ya@am ÕøáøÞømøÛ principal aim, highest goal

ø}
paricchinna Õøùáú²µNø limited, confined
parigraha/ Õøùáªøãô: taking, encircling, grasping

parih!ra/ Õøùáôøá: remedying, leaving, avoiding, giving up

parim!@am ÕøùáÛøømø size, measuring, value

Ûø}
pari@!ma/ / par"@! ÕøùámøøÛø: transformation, change

ma/ V
ÕøáûmøøÛø:
paritr!@am ÕøùáÊøømø protection, defense, rescue

Ûø}
parjanya/ ÕøjøâÒÞø: rain, rain cloud

parok`a Õøáø+¦ø knowledge gained by inference or description, hidden

pary!yapadam ÕøÞøøâÞøÕ synonym

øÌÛø}
pa_u/ Õøíøü: animal, cattle

pati/ ÕøúÇø: Lord, indra, husband, master

phalam Õø¢æÛø} fruit, result (of action)

pi@?a/ ùÕøm®: ball, lump, the physical being

prabodha/ Õøã×øø+Ðø: awakening, consciousness, knowledge

- 20 -
pradh!nam ÕøãÐøøÒøÛ most important thing, ruling factor
ø}
prad"pa/ ÕøãÌûÕø: lamp, light

praj!pati/ ÕøãjøøÕøúÇ Lord of all beings, the creator, brahmaj",

ø: parame_vara
pr!j<a/ Õøãø¹ø: !tm! with the avidy!-up!dhi, name of sleeper - the one
more or less ignorant
prakalpita Õøã¡¢úèÕøÇ superimposed, formed, settled

ø
prak!ra/ / prak!ram Õøã¡¢øá: V mode, means, variety

Õøã¡¢øáÛø}
prakara@am Õøã¡¢ámøÛø text expounding a topic

}
prak!_a/ Õøã¡¢øíø: light, brightness, effulgence

prakriy! Õøãù¡ã¢Þøø method of unfoldment (pa<cako_a-gu@a-avasth!

traya-k!ryak!ra@a), means of exposition
prak$tam Õøã¡; what is initiated as the topic to be dealt with

¢ÇøÛø}
prak$ti/ Õøã¡;¢úÇø: that which is available for and capable of creation. Nature
consisting of the three gu@as, cause
pralaya/ ÕøãæÞø: complete dissolution, absorption without return

pram!da/ ÕøãÛøøÌ: indifference, mechanicalness, inattention

pram!@am ÕøãÛøømøÛ means of knowledge; aj<!ta j<!pakam

ø}
pram!t! ÕøãÛøøÇøø the knower
prameya ÕøãÛø+Þø what is to be known, an object of certain knowledge
pramoda/ ÕøãÛøø+Ì: ecstatic; a degree of happiness - a desired object is enjoyed
pr!@a/ Õøãømø: respiration - a pr!@a/ seated in the lungs
pr!@!/ Õøãømøø: five suble airs, subtle physiological processes

pr!@amayako_a/ ÕøãømøÛøÞ modification of pr!@a/ - compossed of five pr!@a/ and

ø¡¢ø+íø: five organs of action; part of the sublte body

pra@atam ÕøãmøÇøÛø surrendering, saluting

}
pra@ava/ Õøãmøéø: om
pr!@!y!ma/ ÕøãømøøÞø breathing techniques; one of the eight a;gas of
øÛø: pata<cali's yoga
pra@idh!nam ÕøãúmøÐøø respectful behaviour with "_vara in mind
ÒøÛø}
prapa<ca/ ÕøãÕø¼ø´: visible universe, manifestation, world
pr!ptam ÕøãøÖøÛø} something already accomplished
pr!ptasya pr!pti/ ÕøãøÖøòÞø acquisition of what is already there

- 21 -
 ÕøãøúÖø:
pr!rabdham Õøãøá×ÐøÛ operating karma, karma accounting for this birth and
ø} exhausted in this lifetime

pr!thanam ÕøãøËøâÒø prayer

Ûø}
pr!than"ya ÕøãøËøâÒøû deserving worship

Þø
prasabham ÕøãòøÙøÛø (ind.) forcefully, exceedingly

}
pras!da/ ÕøãòøøÌ: what one partakes of with an attitude of acceptance after
offering it to the Lord; kindness, composure, clarity, what
is gained by a life of karmayoga
prasakta ÕøãòøÇøl excessively attached, connected with, constant

prasa;ga/ Õøãòøw«¯: context, topic, attachment, union, occupation

prasa<canam Õøãòø¼ø secondary, backing up, uniting, bringing into use

´ÒøÛø}
prasannat! ÕøãòøNøÇø cheerfulness, satisfaction, tranquility, purity, simplicity

ø
pra_!nta ÕøãíøøÒÇø composed, calm

pra_na/ ÕøãîøÓ: question directly indicating a desire to know, inquiry,

disputed point
prathama ÕøãËøÛø foremost, first

pratibandhaka/ ÕøãúÇø×øÒ obstruction

Ðø¡¢: /
ÕøãúÇø×øÒ
Ðø:
pratibh!sanam ÕøãúÇøÙøø appearance

òøÒøÛø}
pr!tibh!sika ÕøãøúÇøÙø subjective, apparently real only

øúòø¡¢
pratibimba/ ÕøãúÇøú×ø a reflection

Û×ø:
prat"ka/ ÕøãÇøû¡¢: a sound looked on as the Lord - e.g. om, name, part,
symbol
pratik#la ÕøãúÇø¡þ¢æ (ind.) conversely, adversely

pratim! ÕøãúÇøÛøø image, form looked on as the Lord, idol

pratip!daka ÕøãúÇøÕøøÌ revealing, giving, supporting

¡¢
pratip!dya ÕøãúÇøÕøøÏ what is to be revealed or treated

pratipak`abh!van! ÕøãúÇøÕø¦ø consciously employing an opposite emotion or feeling

ÙøøéøÒøø
pratipatti/ ÕøãúÇøÕøú understanding, knowledge

- 22 -
 ÉÇø:
prat"ti/ ÕøãÇøûúÇø: appearance, belief, perception
pratiyogin ÕøãúÇøÞøø+ opposite
úªøÒø}
pratyag!tm! ÕøãÇÞøªøøÇ inner self, !tm!
Ûøø
praty!h!ra/ ÕøãÇÞøøôøá not collecting things for oneself, living a simple life; one of
the eight a;gas of pata<cali's yoga
:
pratyak`am ÕøãÇÞø¦øÛø knowledge gained through direct perception - a pram!
} @am
pratyav!ya/ ÕøãÇÞøéøøÞ p!pam from not doing, decrease, obstacle, contrary
ø: course, an offense

pratyaya/ ÕøãÇÞøÞø: grammatical termination, suffix, knowledge, conviction, trust,

cognition
pravacanam Õøãéø²øÒøÛ study of vedas, speaking, teaching
ø}
pravrajanam ÕøãéøãjøÒø renunciation, going abroad

Ûø}
prav$tti/ Õøãéø;úÉÇø: inclination, active pursuit to gain things

pr!ya_cittakarma ÕøãøÞøúïøÉ ritual done to amend a wrong either of commission or

omission
Çø¡¢Ûøâ
prayatanam ÕøãÞøÇøÒø proper effort

Ûø}
prayojanam ÕøãÞøø+jøÒ purpose, object, means, gain

øÛø}
preman Õøã+ÛøÒø} love, joy

preta Õøã+Çø dead

preyas Õøã+Þøòø} prosperity, desired results other than mok`a/

pr"ti/ ÕøãûúÇø: longing, affection, pleasure, love

priya ùÕøãÞø pleased - a degree of happiness (a desired object is seen)

p$thiv" Õø;úËøéøû earth

p#janam ÕøþjøÒøÛø} worship, prayer by mind - m!nasa, voice - v!cika, or

body - k!yika
pu@yam ÕøümÞøÛø} virtuous action, karmic good credit

pur!@am ÕøüáømøÛø the body of Hindu mythology, ancient

}
pur!tana ÕøüáøÇøÒø perennial, eternal, old

p#r@a Õøþmøâ full, whole, entire, complete

p#rtam ÕøþÇøâÛø} secular altruistic deeds

puru`a/ Õøü)ðø: original source of creation, the Supreme Being, a man

puru`ak!ra/ Õøü)ðø¡¢øá: freewill, human effort, prowess

- 23 -
puru`!rtha/ Õøü)ðøøËøâ: principal objects of human life; artha/ - security, k!ma/ -
pleasure, dharma/ - meaning, mok`a/ - liberation
p#rvapak`a/ ÕøþéøâÕø¦ø: the first objection to an argument, defect

racita áú²øÇø set up, arranged, made

r!ga/ áøªø: a like, a passion

rahasyam áôòÞøÛø} secred, mystery, secret doctrine

rajas ájøòø} energy, ambition, enthusiasm, anxiety, the active gu@a

r!m!ya@am áøÛøøÞømø v!lm"ki's epic describing the adventures of r!ma/
Ûø}
rasa/ áòø: taste, aesthetic sentiment, subjective value, affection

rasanam áòøÒøÛø} sense of taste, the tongue

rati/ áúÇø: pleasure, devotion to pleasant memories, revelling

retas á+Çøòø} seed

$ju &jøü straight, beneficial, honest

rodhanam áø+ÐøÒøÛø control, discipline, quieting

}
$`i/ &úðø: authors of Vedic hymns, saint, sage

$tam &ÇøÛø} rule, sacred custom, truth, dharma/

$tvij &úÇéøjø} priest who officiates at a sacrifice

rudra/ )Ìã: deity of aha;k!ra/

_abda/ íø×Ì: sound, word, verbal means of knowledge - a pram!@am
_!bdam íøø×ÌÛø} knowledge gained by words

_abdaprama@am íø×ÌÕøãÛøø words as a means of knowledge

møÛø}
saccid!nanda/ òøú³ø limitless existence, object-free awareness, the true nature of
happiness; definition of !tm!
´ÌøÒøÒÌ:
sadbh!va/ òøpÚøéø: existence of the real, the thought-free 'I'

s!dhanacatu`>ayam òøøÐøÒø²øÇ fourfold qualifications which indicate a person ready for self-
knowledge (nity!nityavastuviveka/,
øüñÀÞøÛø}
phalabhogavir!ga/, _am!di`a>kasampatti/
(_ama/-dama/-uparama/-titik`!-sam!dh!
nam-_raddh!), mumuk`utvam)
s!dhanam òøøÐøÒøÛø means of accomplishment

}
s!dh!ra@a òøøÐøøámø common, general
s!dhu/ òøøÐøü: a virtuous man

s!dhya òøøÐÞø to be accomplished

s!d$_yam òøøÌ;íÞøÛø} equivalence, similarity

sagu@a/ òøªøümø: that which has attributes

sagu@a* brahma òøªøümø@ the Lord as source, sustenance, and resolution - used as an
object of meditation
×øãöÜ
- 24 -
s!hasam òøøôòøÛø} enthusiasm

sah!ya/ òøôøÞø: friend, helper

saj!t"ya òøjøøÇøûÞø of the same group, similar

_!kh! íøø¨øø clan or tradition passing down a Vedic text of the same
name
s!k`!t òøø¦øøÇø} (ind.) evidently; in comp.: direct

s!k`" òøø¦øû witness

s!k`"pratyak`am òøø¦øûÕøãÇ witness perception i.e. without the senses

Þø¦øÛø}
sakta òøÇøl attached, addicted, fixed on, relating to

sakta/ òøÇøl: one who does karma for its result

_akti/ íøúÇøl: power, faculty

sahaja òøôjø natural, inborn, innate

sama òøÛø equal, same, identical, equal in form

sam!dh!nam òøÛøøÐøøÒ fixing the mind in contemplation on the true nature of self

øÛø}
sam!dhi/ òøÛøøúÐø: absorption, meditation without division of meditator and
object of meditation; one of the eight a;gas of
pata<jali's yoga
_asm! íøÛøøùÌðø¿£ six virtues of the adhik!r"; see: s!dhanacatu`>ayam
di`a>kasampatti/ òøÛÕøúÉÇø
:
samagra òøÛøªøã all, whole, complete

_ama/ íøÛø: management of the mind

sam!hita òøÛøøùôÇø brought together, adjusted, composed, absorbed in

sam!n!dhikara@a òøÛøøÒøøú being in the same category, agreeing in grammatical case
Ðø¡¢ámø
s!m!n! òøøÛøøÒøøú words in apposition relating to the same object
dhikara@yam Ðø¡¢ámÞøÛ
ø}
sam!na/ òøÛøøÒø: digestion; a pr!@a/ seated in liver, glands, stomach
samanvaya/ òøÛøÒéøÞø: regular succession, order, mutual connection, conjunction
samanvita òøÛøúÒéøÇ endowed with, connected with
ø
s!m!nya òøøÛøøÒÞø common, universal
s!m!nyadharma/ òøøÛøøÒÞø universal ethics, universal values
ÐøÛøâ:
sam!pti/ òøÛøøúÖø: end, conclusion
samarpita òøÛøùÕøâÇ placed, rooted
ø
samasta òøÛøòÇø all, whole

sama`>i/ òøÛøúñÀ: total

- 25 -
sambandha/ òøÛ×øÒÐø: connection, association, relationship

sambuddhi/ òøÛ×øüúpÑ: an epithet, perfect knowledge or perception

sa*h!ra/ òø@ôøá: dissolution, drawing together, contraction, destruction

sa*j<! òø@¹øø consciousness, knowledge, name

sammoha/ òøÛÛøø+ô: torpor, blackout, bewilderment

sa*nihita òø@úÒøùôÇ closest, abiding, not separate from the j"va/, meaning of 'I'
ø
sampanna òøÛÕøNø endowed with successful, completed

sampad òøÛÕøÌ} spiritual wealth, values, accomplishment

samprad!ya/ òøÛÕøãÌøÞø Indian tradition of teaching, tradition

:
sa*s!ra/ òø@òøøá: the cycle of becoming, the course of worldly life, the j"va's
reality
sa*_aya/ òø@íøÞø: doubt where there are two or more opinions about a topic,
indecision, suspicion
sa*siddhi/ òø@úòøúpÑ: mok`a/, complete accomplishment
sa*sk!ra/ òø@ò¡¢øá: impression, disposition, preparation, refinement
sa*sk!ryam òø@ò¡¢øÞøâ that which can be purified or cleansed; one of four possible
results of karma
Ûø}
sa*sk$ta òø@ò¡;¢Çø made perfect, refined
sa*_raya/ òø@îøãÞø: help, protection, guidance, resting place, attachment
sa*sth!panam òø@òËøøÕø re-establishment, initiating, restoring, collecting
ÒøÛø}
samuccaya/ òøÛøü³ø´Þø: collection, mass, conjunction of words or sentences,
synthesis
sa*v!da/ òø@éøøÌ: dialogue imparting knowledge, teacher-student discourse

sa*vit òø@úéøÇø} knowledge

sa*v$tti/ òø@éø;úÉÇø that by which truth is covered, avidy!

:
samyak òøÛÞø¡}¢ proper

s!myam òøøÛÞøÛø} sameness, equality

san!tana òøÒøøÇøÒø everlasting, permanent

sa<citakarma òøú¼ø accumulated karma accounting for recurrent births

´Çø¡¢Ûøâ
sandhi/ òøúÒÐø: union, connection, rules for coalescence of script and
sounds
sandhy! òøÒÐÞøø joining, division, morning or evening twilight

sa;ga/ òøw«¯: attachment, union, contact, friendship

sa;gati/ òøw«¯úÇø: connection with reference to the subject matter

sa;graha@am òøw«ä¯ômø protection, grasping, collecting

Ûø}
_a;k! íøw£¯ø doubt, suspicion, apprehension, wrong impression

sa;kalpa/ òøw£¯èÕø: mental resolve, desire, will, fancy, mind, decision, gesture or

- 26 -
 act with a certain goal
_a;kara/ íøw£¯á: venerated teacher of ved!nta, author of upani`adbh!
`yam, brahmas#trabh!`yam, and other texts
s!;khya òøøw©¯ß that which is well unfolded by the veda, knowledge of
brahman, reasoning
sa;kula òøw£ý¯æ mixed up, filled, inconsistent

sanny!sa/ òøNÞøøòø: renunciation, the vow of non-injury, a life committed to

knowledge and free of life's roles
_!nta íøøÒÇø calmed, quiet, undisturbed, silent

sant!pa/ òøÒÇøøÕø: complaint, heat, distress, remorse, sadness

_!nti/ íøøúÒÇø: calmness, rest, cessation, peace

_anto`a/ òøÒÇøø+ðø: happiness, satisfaction, contentment

santu`>a òøÒÇøüñÀ content, happy, satisfied

s!ram òøøáÛø} / essence

òøøá:
_ar"ram íøáûáÛø} body

sarvagata òøéøâªøÇø all-pervasive, present everywhere

sarvaj<a/ òøéøâ¹ø: all-knowing

sarvan!ma òøéøâÒøøÛø a word that is a name for all - e.g. tat, a class of pronominal
words
sarva_akti/ òøéøâíøúÇøl: all-power and -skill

sarvatra òøéøâÊø everywhere, in all places

sarvavy!pin òøéøâéÞøøù all-pervading

ÕøÒø}
_!stram íøøòÊøÛø} sacred pretext or rule, the body of revealed Vedic
knowledge, _ruti/
_!_vata íøøîøêÇø eternal, everlasting

sat òøÇø} timeless-limitless existence, the self-existent

satsa;ga/ òøÇòøw«¯: company of dharmic person or persons

satt! òøÉÇøø existence

sattvam òøÉÇéøÛø} inner disposition of enjoyment, anta/kara@am; the

virtous gu@a
satyam òøÇÞøÛø} that which exists, the nature of truth, true

_aucam íøøe²øÛø} purity, cleanliness

savikalpa òøúéø¡¢èÕø recognizing a distinction - e.g. knower-known, having

attributes
_e`a íø+ðø remaining, anything left out

sevanam òø+éøÒøÛø} service of the Lord

siddham úòøpÑÛø} established, proved

siddhi/ úòøúpÑ: accomplishment, success, validity

_ik`! úíø¦øø discipline of pronunciation; one of the six ved!;gas

_i`>a úíøñÀ well brought up, virtuous, wise, remaining, educated

_i`ya/ úíøðÞø: student of j<!nayoga/

- 27 -
_"ta íøûÇø cold, cool, dull, lazy

_iva úíøéø auspicious, pure, fortunate

sm!rta òÛøøÇøâ relating to sm$ti/, non-Vedic

sm$ti/ òÛø;úÇø: memory, production of human authors, lawbooks

sneha/ óøÓ+ô: stickiness, love

_obhan!dhy!sa/ íøø+ÙøÒøø seeing what is not there

ÐÞøøòø:
_oka/ íøø+¡¢: sorrow

sop!dhik!dhy!sa/ òøø+ÕøøúÐ a mistaken conclusion based on a perception, j<!n!dhy!

ø¡¢øÐÞøøòø: sa/; e.g. blue sky
spar`a/ òÕøíøâ: touch, contact

sph#rti/ òÕøþ¢úÇøâ: awareness

sphu>a òÕøü¢¾ manifested, made clear, distinct

sphutam òÕøü¢¾Ûø} (ind.) clearly, evidently

sp$h! òÕø;ôø longing, yearning, ardent wish

_raddh! îøãpÑø faith in the pram!@am and the guru/

_rava@am îøãéømøÛø} vic!ra/ through listening to the teacher, listening
_re`>ha îøã+ñ most exalted, best

_reyas îøã+Þøòø} most desirable, most valued, mok`a/

_r" îøãû prosperity, dignity, lak`m"
_rotram îøãø+ÊøÛø} the ear
_rotriya/ îøãø+ùÊøÞø: one who knows the _!stram
_$`>i òø;úñÀ: creation

_ruti/ îøãüúÇø: the ear, veda, hearing, _!stram

stava/ òÇøéø: song of praise

sth!@u òËøømøü unmoving, steady

sthira úòËøá firm, steady, fixed

sthiram úòËøáÛø} stable, steady

sthita úòËøÇø steady, firm

sthiti/ úòËøúÇø: sustenance (of creation)

sth#la òËøþæ big, great, fat, strong, physical (e.g. sth#la_ar"ram)

_ubham íøüÙøÛø} good fortune, having a good finish

_ubhra íøüÙøã pure, radiant

_uddham íøüpÑÛø} pure

_uddhi/ íøüúpÑ: purity, brightness

sukham òøü¨øÛø} pleasure, comfort

suk$ta òøü¡;¢Çø well made, well earned

suk$tam òøü¡;¢ÇøÛø} good action, pu@yam, service

s#k`ma òøþ¦Ûø subtle, fine, penetrating

sulabha òøüæÙø easy to be obtained, feasible

_#nya íøþÒÞø empty, free of

- 28 -
s#rya/ òøþÞøâ: deity of eye-sight, sun

su`upti/ òøüðøüúÖø: deep sleep

s#tram òøþÊøÛø} verse, thread

svabh!va/ òéøÙøøéø: own nature, inherent attribute

svadharma/ òéøÐøÛøâ: one's own duties, what is to be done

sv!h! òéøøôø offering to all gods, salutation

sv!m" òéøøÛøû one with mastery of the mind, one aligned in thought, word
and action
svapna/ òéøÕøÓ: dream, dreaming

svar@am òéømøâÛø} gold

svar#palak`a@am òéø*Õøæ¦øm an intrinsic or invariable characteristic or property of a thing

øÛø}
svar#pam òéø*ÕøÛø} essential form, own nature

sv!sthyam òéøøòËÞøÛø self-reliance, contentment, health, ease

}
sv!tantryam òéøøÇøÒÊÞ independence, courage, freedom of will

øÛø}
svava_a òéøéøíø that which is in your own hands, self-controlled

xsveta îøê+Çø white

t!d!tmyam ÇøøÌøÇÛÞø identity

Ûø}
taijasa/ Çøejøòø: name of the dreamer - the shining one

tamas ÇøÛøòø} darkness, sorrow, dullness, the ignorance gu@a

dandrita ÇøúÒÌãÇø lazy

tanm!tram ÇøÒÛøøÊøÛ a subtle and primary element, a very small quantity

ø}
tanmaya ÇøÒÛøÞø as itself, identical with, made up of that

tantra/ ÇøÒÊø: ritualistic action, system

tapas ÇøÕøòø} religious austerity, prayer

tarka/ Çø¡â¢: reasoning, conjecture, logic

t!tparyam ÇøøÇÕøÞøâ intended meaning

Ûø}
tattvabodha/ ÇøÉÇéø×øø discriminative knowledge of truth

+Ðø:
tattvam ÇøÉÇéøÛø} truth

tattvamasi ÇøÉÇéøÛøú lit. 'you are that', equation of self and brahman
òø
tattvata/ ÇøÉÇéøÇø: (ind.) truly, accurately

tattvavit ÇøÉÇéøúéø one who knows the truth or essence

Çø}
tattvaviveka/ ÇøÉÇéøúéøé discriminative knowledge of what is true

- 29 -
 ø+¡¢:
tejas Çø+jøòø} light, brilliance, lustre

>"k! ¾û¡¢ø line by line exposition of sentences and words of a bh!

_yam
t"rtham ÇøûËøâÛø} goal of a pilgrimage, holy place, road, place of water,
teacher
tiryak úÇøÞøâ¡}¢ (ind.) obliquely, in a slanting direction, horizontal (said of
animals as opposed to upright man)
titik`! úÇøúÇø¦øø cheerful endurance, bearing opposites with equanimity

tri`>ubh ùÊøñÀýÙø} metre with eleven syllables per quarter - common in g"t!
t$pti/ Çø;úÖø: satisfaction, contentment

t$`@! Çø;ðmøø strong desire, thirst, greed

tuccham Çøü²µÛø} what does not exist, e.g. the son of a barren woman or the
horn of a rabbit
tulya ÇøüèÞø equal, similar, like

tu`>a ÇøüñÀ pleased, happy, contented

tvak Çéø¡}¢ sense of touch, the skin

ty!ga/ ÇÞøøªø: renunciation, giving up

ud!na/ $ÌøÒø: reverse process, vomiting etc. - a pr!@a/

udde_yam $ÍÎ+íÞøÛø} subject, object in view, what you are saying something
about; brahman of 'you are brahman'
udyamanam $ÏÛøÒøÛø} adequate or proper effort

ukti/ $úÇøl: statement, teaching, instruction

um! $Ûøø the teacher in the form of a woman: str",

prak$ti/, m!
y!, avidy!, the up!dhi of "_vara/
upac!ra/ $Õø²øøá: secondary or implied meaning

up!d!nak!ra@am $ÕøøÌøÒø¡¢ material cause

øámøÛø}
up!d!nam $ÕøøÌøÒøÛ immediate or material cause

ø}
upade_a/ $ÕøÌ+íø: teaching, instruction

up!dhi/ $ÕøøúÐø: what brings about an apparent change in an object, body

upadrava/ $ÕøÌãéø: afflication, accident, calamity

upak!ra/ $Õø¡¢øá: help, service

upakrama/ $Õø¡ã¢Ûø: beginning, undertaking, plan, means

upalabdhi/ $Õøæú×Ðø: perception, understanding

upalak`a@am $Õøæ¦ømøÛ implying something not actually expressed, that which

stands as a representative of all other things of the
ø} same group
upam!nam $ÕøÛøøÒøÛ comparison, illustration - a pram!@am
ø}
upanayanam $ÕøÒøÞøÒø initiation into the veda at age 8 - 12 years, offering, leading
Ûø} to or near

upani`ad $ÕøúÒøðøÌ} the definite, well-ascertained knowledge that is self which

- 30 -
 makes one recognize brahman and destroys all
sorrow, revealed texts dealing with the self, that which is
the most profound secret
uparama/ $ÕøáÛø: practice of one's duties, svadharm!nu`>h!nam
upa_ama/ $ÕøíøÛø: resolution, becoming quiet, stopping

upasa*h!ra/ $Õøòø@ôøá: summing up, conclusion

up!sanam / up!san! $ÕøøòøÒøÛ meditation, worship, reflection

ø} V
$ÕøøòøÒøø
up!syam $ÕøøòÞøÛø} that which is to be meditated upon

up!ya $ÕøøÞø means of accomplishment, plan

#rdhvam $¢ÐéøâÛø} above, afterwards

utkar`a/ $Ç¡¢ðøâ: success, prosperity, pulling upwards

utk$`>a $Ç¡;¢ñÀ raised, excellent, superior, extracted

utp!dyam $ÇÕøøÏÛø} that which can be produced: one of the four possible results
of karma
utpatti/ $ÇÕøúÉÇø: increase, birth, production, origin

uts!ha/ $Çòøøô: enthusiasm, effort, perseverance

utsarga/ $Çòøªøâ: general rule, completion

uttamaguru/ $ÉÇøÛøªøü): teacher with no other pursuits, knower of _!stram and a

brahmani`>h!
v!cy!rtha/ éøø²ÞøøËøâ: immediate meaning

v!da/ éøøÌ: discourse, talk

vahni/ éøúöÓ: fire, digestion

vaidika éøeùÌ¡¢ that which is related to or found in the veda

vaikalyam éøe¡¢èÞøÛø} affliction, defect

vair!gyam éøeáøªÞøÛø} dispassion toward worldly gain

vai_v!nara éøeîøêøÒøá the Lord

v!k éøø¡}¢ speech, the organ of speech

v!kyam éøø¡¢àÛø} sentence, precept

v!lm"ki/ éøøèÛøûù¡¢: author of r!m!ya@a

va*_a/ éø@íø: family, lineage, flute

vanam éøÒøÛø} most praiseworthy (i.e. brahman)

v!ni/ éøøúmø: deity of speech - speaking

vare@ya éøá+mÞø most worshipful, most sought after

vari`>ha éøùáñ highest, above perception and inference

var@a/ éømøâ: a class of men, color, caste

var@avyavasth! éømøâéÞøéø social groups defined by duties

òËøø
v!rttikam éøøúÉÇøâ¡¢ independent exposition of a bh!`yam in verse
Ûø}
varu@a/ éø)mø: deity of tongue - taste, water

- 31 -
va_aga/ éøíøªø: the one under the influence of avidy!, j"va/
va_a/ / va_am éøíø: V wish, desire, will, authority, sway, control

éøíøÛø}
v!san! éøøòøÒøø subtle impressions left on the mind by previous actions,
knowledge derived from memory, desire
vastu éøòÇøü the real, essence, object

v!sudeva/ éøøòøüÌ+éø: deity of cittam - memory, vi`@u

v!yu/ éøøÞøü: air

veda/ éø+Ì: revealed knowledge of Vedic India, four sacred scriptures

including upani`ads
ved!;ga/ éø+Ìøw«¯: texts auxiliary to veda which aid employment an
interpretation of veda; see _"k`!, chandas, vy!
kara@a, nirukta, jyoti`!, kalpa
ved!nta/ éø+ÌøÒÇø: scriptures at the end of veda dealing with knowledge that is
the self, that which says you are whole and you are the
whole
ve`a/ / ve`am éø+ðø: V appearance, costume

éø+íø:
vibh!ga/ úéøÙøøªø: distinction, division, a share

vibhakti/ úéøÙøúÇøl: grammatical cases and inflections of nouns, separation,

portion
vibhrama/ úéøÙøãÛø: loss, error, wandering about, whirling

vibhu úéøÙøü all-pervasive, not spatially limited, powerful, capable of, self-
controlled
vibh#ti/ úéøÙøþúÇø: glory, greatness

vic!ra/ úéø²øøá: examination of what is there

vicitra úéøú²øÊø various, varied

videha úéøÌ+ô free from the body, dead

videhamukti/ úéøÌ+ôÛøüú liberation after death

Çøl:
vidheya úéøÐø+Þø to be done, prescribed

vidheyam úéøÐø+ÞøÛ predication 'you are' of 'you are brahman', what you are
ø} saying

vidhey!tm! úéøÐø+ÞøøÇ acting according to one's will and duty

Ûøø
vidhi/ úéøúÐø: Vedic mandate, injunction

vidv!n úéøÌêøÒø} scholar, sage

vidvatsanny!sa/ úéøÌêÇòøNÞ act of renunciation by a j<!n" taken to perfect that

øøòø: knowledge

vidy! úéøÏø knowledge

vigata úéøªøÇø gone, separated, dead

vigraha/ úéøªøãô: analysis, form, physical body

vigu@a úéøªøümø inconvenient, unpleasant, free of enticing features, worthless

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vihitakarma úéøùôÇø¡¢Û enjoined or prescribed duty

øâ
vihitam úéøùôÇøÛø} order, command

vij!t"ya úéøjøøÇøûÞø of a different species, unlike

vij<!namayako_a/ úéø¹øøÒøÛø modification of intellect: intellect with five organs of

perception; part of the subtle body
Þø¡¢ø+íø:
vikalpa/ úéø¡¢èÕø: doubt, uncertainty, duality, distinction

vik!ra/ úéø¡¢øá: change, transformation, body

vikara@am úéø¡¢ámøÛø change, modification

}
vik!ryam úéø¡¢øÞøâÛ that which can be changed or transformed; one of four
possible results of karma
ø}
vikriy! úéøù¡ã¢Þøø change, modification, agitation, anger

vik`epa/ úéø¦ø+Õø: agitation, that which creates error born of avidy!,

distraction, unconnected thoughts
vik`ipta úéøú¦øÖø projected, scattered, distracted

vilak`a@am úéøæ¦ømøÛø distinct, different, other, having no distinguishing marks

}
vil!pa/ úéøæøÕø: wailing, bemoaning

vil!sa/ úéøæøòø: the expression of moha/, appearance

vin!_a/ úéøÒøøíø: absorption without return, destruction

viniyoga/ úéøúÒøÞøø+ application, separation

ªø:
vipak`a/ úéøÕø¦ø: an exception, enemy

vipar"ta úéøÕøáûÇø opposite, wrong, false

vipra/ úéøÕøã: one who has studied the veda, one with intellectual
discipline
v"ps! éøûÕòøø repetition, pervasion

vir!ga/ úéøáøªø: dispassion for enjoyment of results of action

viraja úéøájø free of impurity, pure

virala/ úéøáæ: discontinuity

vir!> úéøáø¾} the Lord

virodha/ úéøáø+Ðø: opposition

v"ryam éøûÞøâÛø} capacity, strength, power

vi`!da/ úéøðøøÌ: sorrow, sadness, dejection

vi_!la úéøíøøæ vast, great

vi`aya/ úéøðøÞø: sphere of action, object, subject matter

vi_e`a/ úéøíø+ðø: aspects, mental impressions, peculiarity

vi_e`a@am úéøíø+ðømø qualification, attribute

Ûø}
vi_e`ata/ úéøíø+ðøÇø: specifically

- 33 -
vi_i`>a úéøúíøñÀ distinct, specific, particular

vi`@u/ úéøðmøü: deity of legs - movement

vi_r!nti/ úéøîøãøúÒÇ relaxation, stop, rest, discovering the love of one's self

ø:
vi_va/ úéøîøê: the name of the waker, complete

vi_vam úéøîøêÛø} the world, puru`a/

vi_v!sa/ úéøîøêøòø: faith, trust

vita@?av!da/ úéøÇøm®éø jealous discourse; e.g. 'you are wrong because it's you that
said it'
øÌ:
vittam úéøÉÇøÛø} wealth, advantage, property

viveka/ úéøéø+¡¢: discriminative inquiry

vividi`!sanny!sa/ úéøúéøùÌðøø act of renunciation taken by one who knows exactly what he
wants, one who has a desire for mok`a/
òøNÞøøòø:
vivikta úéøúéøÇøl analyzed, discriminated, separated

viyukta úéøÞøüÇøl freed from, detached

v$ddhi/ éø;úpÑ: growth, increase, success

v$tti/ éø;úÉÇø: a thought of an object, expression, capacity, condition,

commentary, exposition
v$ttij<!nam éø;úÉÇø¹øø what takes place in the mind as a result of any cogition

ÒøÛø}
v$ttivi_e`a/ éø;úÉÇøúéøí a particular frame of mind

ø+ðø:
vy!gh!ta/ éÞøø¬øøÇø: contradiction, obstacle

vy!kara@am éÞøø¡¢ámøÛ discipline of grammar: one of the six ved!;gas

ø}
vy!khy!nam éÞøø¨ÞøøÒø exposition, explanation, communication

Ûø}
vyakta éÞøÇøl manifest, known

vy!na/ éÞøøÒø: circulation; a pr!@a/ seated in heart and venal system

vy!paka éÞøøÕø¡¢ all-pervasive, widely spread, invariably concomitant

vy!p!ra/ éÞøøÕøøá: acitivity, effort

vy!pta éÞøøÖø pervaded

vy!pti/ éÞøøúÖø: pervasiveness, invariable co-presence

vy!ptij<!nam éÞøøúÖø¹øø knowledge of invariable concomitance

ÒøÛø}
vy!sa/ éÞøøòø: venerated sage, arranger of vedas, author of mah!bh!
rata and other texts
vya`>i/ éÞøúñÀ: individual

vyatireka/ éÞøúÇøá+¡¢: distinction, difference, logical discontinuance

vyatirikta/ éÞøúÇøùáÇø distinct, separate

l:

- 34 -
vyavah!ra/ éÞøéøôøá: experience, transaction, behavior, conduct, recognition

vy!vah!rika éÞøøéøôøùá¡ empirically real, practical

¢
vyavahita éÞøéøùôÇø connected with a word that is apart, separated by anything,
concealed
vy!v$tti/ éÞøøéø;úÉÇ negation, exclusion, covering

ø:
yad$cch! ÞøÌ;²µø chance, independence

yajam!na/ ÞøjøÛøøÒø: sacrificer, sponsor of a ritual

yaj<a/ Þø¹ø: religious offering or ritual, sacrifice, devotional act

yama/ ÞøÛø: a certain discipline which is restrictive; one of the eight

a;gas of pata<jali's yoga
ya_as Þøíøòø} the one of absolute fame (i.e. brahman)
yath!rtha/ ÞøËøøËøâ: (ind.) truly, factually

yati/ ÞøúÇø: sanny!s", the one of proper and adequate effort, restraint,
guidance
yatna/ ÞøÈøÓ: effort, attempt

yoga/ Þøø+ªø: a means for accomplishing something, conformity with the

order
yoga_!stram Þøø+ªøíøøòÊ the teaching with reference to yoga/ and the mind
øÛø}
yogyat! Þøø+ªÞøÇøø appropriate connection between words

yojanam Þøø+jøÒøÛø connecting, applying, preparation

}
yoni/ Þøø+úÒø: generating cause, womb

yugam ÞøüªøÛø} an age of the world, yoke, a pair

yukta ÞøüÇøl endowed with, united with, engaged in

yukti/ ÞøüúÇøl: reasoning, logic

- 35 -