Topics / Contents Questions

In The Beginning (Big Bang 1. Which is the correct order or arrangement of the stages of the Big Bang Theory?
Theory and Formation of A. Big Bang singularity, inflation, nucleosynthesis, recombination
the Light Elements) B. Big Bang singularity, inflation, recombination, nucleosynthesis
C. Big Bang singularity, recombination, inflation, nucleosynthesis
D. Big Bang singularity, recombination, nucleosynthesis, inflation
2. What is lacking in the following nucleosynthesis reaction ❑3 He + ❑2 H →¿ ?
A. ❑7 Li
B. ❑7 Be
C. ❑3 H
D. ❑4 He
3. Which of the following refers to the process of producing the light elements such as hydrogen and helium?
A. supernova nucleosynthesis
B. big bang nucleosynthesis
C. cosmic ray spallation
D. r-process
4. According to the big bang theory, how much time was needed to produce the light elements hydrogen and helium?
A. 3 minutes
B. 5 hours
C. 7 million years
D. 13.8 billion years
5. It is the lightest element and the starting point of nuclear fusion reactions in stars.
A. hydrogen
B. helium
C. carbon
D. nitrogen
6. Refer to the figure below.

Which of the following is the by-product of the nucleosynthesis of helium-4 from a deuterium and tritium?
A. Proton
B. gamma radiation
 C. helium-3
D. neutron
We Are All Made of Star 7. What happens when something redshifts?
Stuff (Formation of the A. Its wavelength increases.
Heavy Elements) B. Its energy increases.
C. Its frequency increases.
D. Its size increases.
8. What does the increase in wavelength of light from a galaxy mean?
A. The galaxy is moving away from the Earth, and the universe is expanding.
B. The galaxy is moving towards the Earth, and the universe is expanding.
C. The galaxy is moving towards the Earth, and the universe is being compressed.
D. The galaxy is moving away from the Earth, and the universe is being compressed.
9. Which of the following processes is likely to generate the heaviest element?
A. CNO cycle
B. r-process
C. triple-alpha process
D. Big Bang nucleosynthesis
10. It is the process that uses kinetic energy of protons to form helium-4 from hydrogen.
A. proton-proton chain
B. CNO cycle
C. nuclear fission
D. beta decay
11. Refer to the figure below.

Which of the following is the other starting material for the nucleosynthesis of beryllium-7 from helium-4?
A. proton
B. gamma radiation
C. helium-3
D. neutron
12. What are the conditions necessary for a nuclear fusion to occur?
A. high temperature, high pressure
 B. high temperature, low pressure
C. low temperature, high pressure
D. low temperature, low pressure
13. Which of the following nuclei initiates the sequence of the CNO cycle?
A. carbon-12
B. carbon-13
C. nitrogen-15
D. oxygen-15
14. Which of the following reactions is not a part of the alpha ladder?
A. 24 4 28
12 Mg + 2 He → 14 Si
B. 31 4 35
15 P + 2 He → 17 Cl
C. 36 4 40
18 Ar + 2 He → 20 Ca
D. 44 4 48
22Ti + 2He → 24Cr
15. If an element is used up by a star in fusion, it is sometimes called “burning” even though no
actual combustion occurs. Which of the following processes is likely to involve “carbon
burning”?
A. alpha ladder
B. CNO cycle
C. triple-alpha process
D. s-process
Atomos, Aristotle and 16. Which of the following was not part of the ideas of Leucippus and Democritus?
Alchemy (Chemistry Before A. The universe is made up of either atoms or a void.
Modern History) B. An object is made of small, indivisible parts which influence the object’s properties.
C. The universe is made up of four elements that combine and separate to cause change.
D. The universe changes because atoms move about, combine, collide and separate.
17. Onyok found a piece of a shell along the seashore. He smashed it with a rock until it turned
into fine powder. What idea of the atom can you relate from this scenario?
A. Atoms cannot be divided further.
B. Atoms are made of the same material but different shapes and sizes.
C. Atoms can combine with other atoms.
D. Atoms are unlimited and continuously in motion.
18. Luningning visited the park. She saw lots of things, from people, pets, benches, trees, up to
 different cars. All of these are made up of atoms. What early notion of the atom would relate
to these things?
A. Atoms can combine with other atoms to form different materials.
B. Atoms cannot be divided further.
C. Atoms are small and compact particles.
D. Atoms are unlimited and continuously in motion.
19. Luna dissolves a spoonful of sugar in a glass of water. She tastes the mixture, and it tastes
sweet. Although she cannot see the sugar, she knows that it is present in the mixture. What
early idea of the atom would relate to this example?
A. Atoms are small and cannot be seen with the naked eye.
B. Atoms can combine with other atoms.
C. Atoms are made of the same material but different shapes and sizes.
D. Atoms cannot be divided further.
20. Why did Aristotle strongly oppose the concept of atoms?
A. He thought that molecules, not atoms, are the smallest particles.
B. He believed that the gods can divide substances smaller than atoms.
C. He thought that believing in atoms would mean putting restriction on the gods.
D. He believed that atoms exist, but they do not comprise matter.
21. Which of the following was believed by the alchemists as the material that could transform base metals into
gold?
A. philosopher's stone
B. elixir of life
C. elixir of immortality
D. laudanum
22. Which of the following is not a contribution of alchemists to modern chemistry?
A. isolated metallic zinc
B. invented steel and gunpowder
C. discovered subatomic particles
D. developed distillation and extraction
23.
Not Indivisible (The 24. Which of the following is true about the quantum mechanical model?
Structure of the Atom)  SINGLE ANSWER
A. This model states that the nucleus is surrounded by orbitals and the only probable location of the
electrons is determined.
B. This model states that the nucleus is surrounded by orbits and the only probable location of the
electrons is determined.
 C. This model states that the nucleus is surrounded by orbitals and the exact location of the electrons is
determined.
D. This model states that the nucleus is surrounded by orbits and the exact location of the electrons is
determined.
Corpuscles to Chemical
Atomic Theory (The
Development of Atomic
Theory)
Henry Moseley, the Atomic 25. How did Rutherford show the first successful nuclear transmutation reaction?
Number, and Synthesis of A. He bombarded alpha particles of radium to nitrogen nuclei to produce oxygen nuclei.
Elements B. He bombarded alpha particles of nitrogen to oxygen nuclei to produce radium nuclei.
C. He bombarded nitrogen nuclei with protons to produce oxygen nuclei.
D. He bombarded nitrogen nuclei with neutrons to produce oxygen nuclei.
26. Which of the following statements is true?
A. In 1925, the four vacancies in the periodic table were all synthesized in the laboratory.
B. Element-61 and element-87 were discovered by bombarding atoms with fast-moving alpha particles.
C. Element-43 was discovered by bombarding molybdenum with slow-moving neutrons.
D. In 1937, Ernest Lawrence synthesized technetium using a linear particle accelerator.
27. Dalton published his atomic theory in
A. Journal of Chemical Education
B. New System of Chemical Philosophy
C. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
D. Journal of Atomic and Molecular Sciences
28. Which of the following is a septenary compound?
29. Which of the following is the statement of the law of multiple proportions?
A. When two or more elements can form multiple combinations, the ratio of the elements in those
compounds can be expressed in small, whole numbers.
B. The total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products in a chemical reaction.
C. A chemical compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass.
D. All samples of a given chemical compound have the same elemental composition by mass.
30. Carbon dioxide
CO 2 is what type of compound?
A. Binary
B. Ternary
C. Quaternary
D. Quinquenary
31. The law of conservation of mass states that the mass of the products in a chemical reaction must be equal
to the mass of the reactants. Which of the following postulates of Dalton's atomic theory can explain the
 law of conservation of mass?
A. Matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles.
B. An element contains identical atoms.
C. Atoms of one element differ from the atoms of another element.
D. Atoms cannot be created nor destroyed.
32. A chemist examines the compound nitrogen dioxide
NO 2 . He finds out that the atomic mass of nitrogen
is 14 while that of oxygen is 16. What is the fixed ratio of nitrogen to oxygen?
A. 1:2
B. 2:1
C. 1:1
D. 2:3

Matching Type A.
cosmology
main-sequence star
nuclear transmutation
red giant
atomos
the basic unit of an element.
protostar
atomic number
cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation
supergiant
Big Bang nucleosynthesis
transuranium
atom
Technetium
alchemy
plutonium
CNO cycle
supernova
stellar nucelosynthesis
 1. a star that has used up its hydrogen supply in the core and switched into the thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen in
the shell surrounding the core
2. a hydrogen-core star like the sun with a temperature of less than 15 million K.
3. study of how the universe began, how it continues to exist, and how it will end.
4. remains of energy created after the Big Bang expansion
5. a nuclear fusion process by which elements are formed within stars
6. a Greek term for uncuttable, indivisible or indestructible
7. considered as a protoscience or a precursor that allowed the field of chemistry to be what it is today and it means the art of transmuting.
8. the number of positively charged particles in an atom.
9. a type of reaction involving the transformation of one element or isotope into another through bombardment of particles to nucleus.
10. the first man-made element which means “artificial”.

Matching Type B.
George Lemaître and Edwin Hubble
Edwin Hubble
Henry Moseley
Empedocles
Ernest Rutherford
Aristotle
James Chadwick
Plato
John Dalton
Leucippus and Democritus
Joseph Gay-Lussac
Niels Bohr
Robert Boyle
Max Planck
Jons Berzelius
Anaxagoras
Antoine Lavoisier
Amedeo Avogadro
Dmitri Mendeleev
Joseph John Thomson
 1. two first proponents of Big Bang Theory or Model
2. two of the most important theorists about the natural and physical world who considered the idea of atomism, or the idea that things are
made up of much smaller things that cannot be changed nor divided
3. argued that there was an infinite number of elementary natural substances in the form of infinitesimally small particles that combined to
comprise the different things in the universe.
4. first conceptualized quanta or “energy levels” mathematically and proposed that the electrons “jumped” between energy
levels by absorbing or releasing discrete amounts of energy.
5. stated that everything is made up of four eternal and unchanging kinds of matter, fire, air (all gases), water (all liquids and metals) and earth
(all solids).
6. discovered electrons
7. scientist who used the redshift of light from galaxies to calculate their velocities and distances from the Earth
8. stated that each of the four kinds of matter is composed of geometrical solids (the “Platonic solids”) further divisible into triangles. When
rearranged, these triangles could cause the apparent transformations between the four basic kinds of matter.
9. developed the Law of Conservation of Mass and considered as the Father of Chemistry
10. believed that the four elements could be balanced in substances in an infinite number of ways, and that when combined gave proportions of
“essential qualities,” hot, dry, cold and wet.
11. concluded that all matter is composed of spherical atoms, which cannot be broken down into smaller pieces and proposed the
Atomic theory
12. distinguished two kinds of radiation based on their penetrating power, α (alpha) and β (beta); noticed from his experiments
that alpha particles would sometimes bounce off at a high angle when made to penetrate a very thin gold foil; and discovered
nucleus and protons
13. developed the use of X-ray in studying the structure of the atom.
14. stated that all objects are made of certain primitive and simple, or perfectly unmingled bodies called corpuscles.
15. published a periodic table of elements that ordered elements according to their atomic weights

Synthesizing:
complete the diagram
Illustrate the models of Atomic Structure