Paper 2

1a) i) CnH2n+1OH

ii) C4H9OH

iii)

1b) i) Water

ii) The delivery tube should be dipped into the lime water

1c) i) Ethanoic acid

ii) CH3COOH + C4H9OH @ C3H7OH CH3COOC4H9 @ CH3COOC3H7 + H2O

iii) Ester is less dense than water / Ester insoluble in water

2a) i) Molecule

ii) Covalent bond

2b) i) Compound dissolve in water

 Compound does not dissolve in water

2b) ii) The melting and boiling point for compound that is dissolve in water is higher than the compound that does not
dissolve in water.

2c) i) YCl is an ionic compound that dissolve in water to produce free moving ions that can conduct electricity

ii) XCl4 is a covalent compound that consists of neutral molecules. No free moving ions that can conduct
electricity

iii) Thus, the bulb light up in Set B but the bulb does not light up in Set A

3a) Postively charged ion

3b) i) Lead (II) iodide

ii) Precipitate soluble in hot water but insoluble in cold water

iii) Pb2+ + 2I- PbI2

iv) 2 mol I- 1 mol Pb2+

0.0002 mol I- 0.0001 mol Pb2+

Mass of Q = 0.0001 x 461 = 0.0461 g

3c) Zinc / Zn2+

3d) Add ammonia solution into the test tube that contain copper (II) ions until excess.

Dark blue solution formed in excess ammonia soluton

OR

Add sodium hydroxide solution into the test tube that contain copper (II) ions until excess.

Blue precipitat e formed in excess sodium hydroxide solution

4a) Atom

4b) Pure copper Brass

4c) W = tin / stanum X = carbon

4d) Pure metal consists of same size of atoms that are arranged closely to each other.

Alloy consists of different size of atoms that are not arranged closely to each other.

The presence of foreign atoms in pure metal prevents the pure atoms from sliding to each other easily when the
force is applied to it. Thus, alloy is harder than pure metal

4e) Lost lasting / Looks more attractive / Prevent from corrosion

5a) Horizontal row in Periodic Table

5b) They have 3 occupied electron shells.

5c) Sodium = red litmus paper turns blue

Chlorine = Cl2 + H2O HCl + HOCl

blue litmus paper turns red then bleached

5d) i) Decrease

ii) The number of proton in the nucleus and increase even though the number of shells is same.

The force of attraction between the nucleus of atom and the electrons at the first three shells become stronger

Thus, the size of atom decrease

6a) i) Chlorine water

ii) Brown solution formed / Yellow solution decolourised

iii) Cl2 + 2KBr 2KCl + Br2

iv) 0 to -1

6b) i) From FeSO4 solution to Br water

ii) To allow the flow of ions to complete the circuit

iii) Oxidizing agent = bromine water

Reducing agent = Iron (II) sulfate solution

iv) Add sodium hydroxide solution into the test tube that contain the product until excess

Brown precipitate formed in excess of sodium hydroxide solution.

Question 7 (a)

There is no reaction occur at Beaker P while there is reaction in Beaker Q (1m)

In Beaker P, HA gas in propanon is still in neutral molecules and no free moving of hydrogen ions (1m)
HA gas does not show its acidic properties in propanon (1m)
In Beaker Q, HA gas in water dissociate completely and produce free moving of hydrogen ions (1m)
HA gas shows its acidic properties in the presence of water (1m)

Question 7 (b)

HA = hydrochloric acid / nitric acid (1m)

HB = ethanoic acid (1m)

Value of X = 1 @ 2 (1m)

HA is a strong acid that dissociate completely in water to produce high concentration of hydrogen ions, H+ (1m)

HB is a weak acid that dissociate partially in water to produce low concentration of hydrogen ions, H+(1m)

Question 7 (c)

c)(i) dilution (1m)

pH value = more than 2 (3@4) (1m)

As the water is added into the acid HA, the concentration of hydrogen ions decrease (1m)

Thus, the lower the concentration of hydrogen ions, the higher the pH value (1m)

c) ii)

M1V1 = M2V2

(0.1)(50) = M2 (200) (1m)

M2 = (0.1)(50) / (200) = 0.025 moldm-3 (1m)

number of moles of H+ ions = MV / 1000 = 0.025 (25) / 1000 = 6.25 x 10-4 mol (1m)

1 mol H+ ions 1 mol OH- ions

6.25 x 10-4 mol H+ ions 6.25 x 10-4 mol OH- ions (1m)

Volume of NaOH, V = 1000n / M = 1000 (6.25 x 10-4) / 0.05 (1m)

= 12.5 cm3 (1m)

Question 8

a) Explain how electrical current is produced.

i. magnesium release electrons and form magnesium ions (1m)

ii. electrons flow from magnesium ribbon to the copper electrode (1m)
iii. hydrogen ions from electrolyte receive electrons and form hydrogen gas (1m)
iv. the flow of electrons produced electrical current (1m)

b) i) R is located above zinc, iron and copper in ECS (1m)

negative terminal = R (1m) // voltage = 2.15 V (R – Cu) (1m)

ii) Zinc is more electropositive than copper in electrochemical series //

Zinc is located at the higher position than copper in ECS (1m)

Zn + Cu2+ Zn2+ + Cu // Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu (2m)

c) i)

Cell I and Cell II Cell I

[concentration] Hydroxide ions is lower in ECS(1m)
Hydroxide ions will be selectively discharged at anode by releasing electrons and form
oxygen gas. (1m)

Cell II
Concentration of chloride ions is higher than hydroxide ions (1m)
Chloride ions will be selectively discharge at anode by releasing electrons and chlorine
gas. (1m)

Cell I and Cell III Cell I

carbon electrode is a non – reactive electrode // inert electrode (1m)
Thus hydroxide ions will be selectively discharged at anode because the position of
hydroxide ion is lower than chloride ions in ECS by releasing electrons and form oxygen
gas. (1m)

Cell II
copper electrode is a reactive electrode (1m)
It will release electrons and form copper (II) ions and cause it become thinner (1m)
c) ii) The concentration of ions in the electrolyte remains unchanged (1m)

because the rate of change of copper atom become copper (II) ions at anode is same with the rate of change of
copper (II) ions become copper atom at cathode (1m)

Question 9

a) i) Experiment I = 48 / 210 = 0.23 cm3s-1

Experiment II = 48 / 150 = 0.32 cm3s-1

a) ii) size of reactant / catalyst (1m)

Labeled diagram : (2m)

Procedure :

1. Fill the burette with the water and inverted in the basin that is filled with water and clamped with retort stand.
2. Record the initial volume of burette
(1 + 2 = 1m)

3. Measure 50 cm3 of 0.5 moldm-3 hydrochloric acid using measuring cylinder and then pour into the conical
flask (1m)

4. Weigh 5 g of granulated calcium carbonate using weighing balance and then add into the conical flask that
contain hydrochloric acid. (1m)

5. Immediately, close the conical flask with delivery tube and stopper and start the stop watch. (1m)

6. Shake gently the mixture and observed the volume of gas produced in the burette. (1m)

7. Record the volume of gas produced in each 30 seconds interval until it reach 300 seconds. (1m)

8. Repeat the experiment by replacing granulated to powder calcium carbonate. (1m)

b) i) Temperature for Set I = 30oC (1m) / Temperature for Set II = 40oC (1m)

b) ii)

The temperature for Set II is higher than Set I (1m)

As the temperature increase, the particles of reactants (hydrogen gas and chlorine gas) obtained more
kinetic energy and move at the higher speed (1m)
the number of collision per unit time increased //
the frequency of collision between hydrogen molecules and chlorine molecules increased caused the
effective frequency of collision increased too (1m)
thus the rate of reaction for Set II is higher than Set I (1m)

Question 10

a) Oxidation is a process that involving losing of electrons (1m)

Reduction is a process that involving gaining of electrons (1m)

b) Reaction I : NOT a redox reaction (1m)

because there are no changes in oxidation number for hydrogen ions, chloride ions , sodium ions and
hydroxide ions (1m)

Reaction II : IS a redox reaction (1m)

oxidation number for magnesium increase from 0 to +2 and oxidation number for copper (II) ions
decreases from +2 to 0 (1m)

@ magnesium release electrons and form magnesium ions and copper (II) ions receive electrons and
form copper atom (1m)

c) Step I

Suitable chemical substance = acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution / acidified potassium dichromate (V)
solution / potassium iodide solution / potassium bromide solution (1m)

Observation : * purple colour of acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution decolourized

 * orange colour of acidified potassium dichromate (V) solution turns green

* colourless solution of potassium iodide solution / potassium bromide solution turns brown (1m)

Step II

Suitable chemical substance = chlorine water / bromine water / zinc strip (1m)

observation : * Yellow colour of chlorine water decolourized

* Brown colour of bromine water decolourized

* Zinc become thinner (1m)

d) i) Labeled diagram : ( 2m)

ii) Procedure

1. Clamp the U-tube cell with retort stand. Fill the U – tube cell with dilute sulphuric acid until it reach 6cm
from the mouth of cell. (1m)

2. Fill the left side of U – tube cell with potassium iodide solution until it reach 3cm from the mouth of cells.
3. Fill the right side of U – tube cell with iron (III) sulphate solution until it reach 3cm from the mouth of
cells.
(2 + 3 = 1m)

4. Immerse carbon electrodes into the two solutions and connect with galvanometer by using connecting
wire. (1m)
 5. Let the experiment for 30 minutes and observe the changes that occur. (1m)

iii) Half equation involved

2I- I2 + 2e- (1m)

Fe3+ + e- Fe2+ (1m)

iv) Observations :

Colourless potassium iodide solutions turns brown (1m)

Brown colour of iron (III) sulphate solution turns green (1m)