FERTILIZATION AND IMPLANTATION

Stages of fetal development

1. Pre-embryonic- 1st 2 weeks

2. Embryonic- 3rd to 8th week
3. Fetal- 8th week to birth

Pre-embryonic

• Fertilization
• Implantation

Fertilization

• Union of Ovum and Spermatozoon

• Occur in the outer third of FT FUSION OF THE CHOROMOSOMAL MATERIAL

• Ovum is capable of fertilization for only 24 hours (48 • X-Carrying Sperm Fertilized the Ovum produces a
hours at the most) female child
• Spermatozoon’s functional life is about 48 hours • Y-Carrying Sperm Fertilized the Ovum produces a male
(possibly as long as 72 hours) child

Multiple ovulation
48 hours 24 hours
• Occur in up to 10% of all cycles, which means that the
before Ovulation after
average woman releases two eggs at least once a year!
Ovulation Ovulation
• When 2 eggs are released and both are fertilized, this
produces fraternal twins.

• Identical twins are produced when a single embryo

3 Factors to Achieve Fertilization: splits into two.

1. Maturation of both sperm and ovum

2. Ability of the sperm to reach the ovum
3. Ability of the sperm to penetrate the Zona
Pellucida

• An ejaculation of semen averages 2.5 ml of fluid.

• Per ml of Semen contains 20 Million Sperm

• Average of 100 Million Sperm per Ejaculation.

Implantation
Not all sperm are created equal. Sperm can have a
multitude of defects in the head, neck, or tail, such as • Contact between the fertilized egg and of the growing
two heads, two tails, and coiled tails! structure and the uterine endometrium.

• Occurs approximately 8-10 days after fertilization.

• Corona Radiata- circle of cells.

• Zona Pellucida- ring of Mucopolysaccharide fluid.

 FERTILIZATION AND IMPLANTATION
CELL DIVISION/ CLEAVAGE (ZEMB)

• Day 1 – Zygote (First Cleavage)

• Day 2 – Zygote (2-Cell Stage)

• Day 3-4 – Embryo (4-Cell Stage)

• Day 4- Morula

• Day 5- Blastocyst

• Day 5-8 – Free floating at the uterus

ACTIVITIES PRIOR TO IMPLANTATION:

1. Shedding off of the last residues of the corona and

zona pellucida.

2. Apposition- Brushing against the uterine

endometrium.

3. Adhesion- Attachment to the surface of the

endometrium.

4. Invasion- Settlement in the soft folds of the uterus.

5. Implantation

50% Of Fertilized Egg does not complete the

process, Pregnancy do not proceed!