Solucion de los ejercicios N°8

1) log b 125=3↔ b3 =125 ↔b 3=53 ↔b=5.

2) log 10 N=−3 ↔ N=( 10 )−3=0,001 .
1
3) log 2 ( 1/ N )=5 ↔ 25 =1/ N ↔ N= 5 =1/ 32.
2
0
4) log 7 N=0↔ N=7 =1 .
5) log b 6=−1 ↔b−1=6 ↔ 1/b=6 ↔ b=1/6.
1 x 1 3 x −3
6) log 3 27 =x ↔ 3 = 27 =1/3 ↔ 3 =3 ↔ x=−3.
1/ 2
7) 2 log 9 N=1 ↔ log 9 N =1/2↔ N=9 =√ 9=3
x 2 −3
−3
8) log 2 4 =x ↔2 =4 =( 2
−3
) ↔ 2x =2−6 ↔ x=−6
1
9) log b 9=−2 ↔b−2=9 ↔ 1/b2=9↔ b2 = ↔b=√ 1/9=1/.
9
c −3 c −3 c 1 −1
10)3 log 10 (1 /1000 ) =1↔ log10 ( 10 ) =1 ↔10 =10 ↔ c= 3

11)√ ln ( N )=3 ↔ ln ( N )=3 2=9 ↔ N =e 9.

12)ln (N /2)=4 ↔ N /2=e 4 ↔ N =2 e 4.
x 3 2 x 2x 3
13)log 4 8=x ↔ 4 =8=2 ↔ ( 2 ) =2 =23 ↔ 2 x=3 ↔ x= .
2

an n−1 an
14)a n=a1 r
n−1
↔
a1
=r ↔ ln
a1 ( )
n−1
=ln ( r )=( n−1 ) ln ( r )

an an

↔
ln ( )
a1
=n−1↔ n=
ln ( )
a1
+1.
ln ( r ) ln ( r )
A
15) A=P ( 1+r )n ↔ =( 1+r )n ↔ ln ( A / P )=ln ( 1+r )n =nln ( 1+r )
P
ln ( A/ P )
↔ n=
ln ( 1+r )
−t −t
Q Q CE−Q
16) Q=CE ( 1−e−t /CR ) ↔ =1−e CR ↔e CR =1− =
CE CE CE
−t
CE−Q ↔− t ln ( e )=ln CE−Q
↔ ln ( e )=ln ( ( CE )
CE )
CR
CR

↔ t=−CR ln ( CE−Q
CE )=CRln (
CE
CE −Q )
 1 4 2 1 /2 2
17) 2 log10 ( x −4 ) −2 log 10 ( x +2 )=log 10 ( x 4 −4 ) −¿ log 10 ( x 2+ 2 ) ¿

1 /2 1/ 2 1 /2 1/ 2

¿ log 10
[ ( x 2−2 )( x 2−2 ) ] =log 10
( x 2+ 2 ) ( x 2−2 )
=log
( x2−2 )
2 2 10 3/ 2
( x 2+2 ) ( x2 +2 ) ( x 2+2 )

x 2−2
¿ log 10
√ ( x 2 +2 )
3

18) ln ( x / y )−2 ln ( x 3 ) +ln ( y 4 )=ln ( x / y )−ln ( x 6 ) + ln ( y 4 )

¿ ln ( x / y )+ ln ( y 4 /x 6 )=ln ( x / y ) ( y 4 /x 6 ) =ln ( y 3 / x5 ) .

19) log b ( x−1 ) + log b ( x +1 )−log b ( x−2 )−log b ( x+ 2 )

¿ log b ( x−1 ) + log b ( x +1 )−[ log b ( x−2 )+ log b ( x +2 ) ]

x 2−1
¿ log b ( x−1 ) ( x+1 ) −¿ log b ( x−2 ) ( x +2 ) ¿ ¿ log b
( ) x 2−4

20) 2 log b ( x )−log b ( x+ 1 )−logb ( x 2−x +1 )

¿ log b ( x 2 )−[ log b ( x+1 ) + log b ( x 2−x +1 ) ]

x2
2
¿ log b ( x 2 )−¿ log b ( x +1 ) ( x −x +1 ) ¿ log b
[ ( x+1 ) ( x 2−x +1 ) ]
21)log ( x )+ 2 log ( x +2 )−4 log ( x−2 )
2 4 2 4
¿ log ( x )+ log ( x +2 ) −log ( x −2 ) ¿ log x ( x +2 ) −log ( x−2 )

x ( x+ 2 )2
¿ log 4
( x−2 )
1
22) log ( x 2+ 1 )−log ( 3 ) −2 log ( x )
2
1/ 2 1 /2
¿ log ( x 2+ 1 ) −[ log ( 3 ) + log ( x 2 ) ]=log ( x2 +1 ) −log ( 3 x 2 )

x 2 +1
¿ log √ .
3 x2
1 /3
1 1 x2 +1 x2 +1
23) 3 [ 10
log ( x
2
+ 1 ) −log 10 ( x
2
+ 2 ) ] 3 10 x2 +1
= log =¿ log 10
x2 +1 [ ] ¿

x 2+ 1
¿ log 10
√
3

x 2+ 1
 1 2
24) 3 [ ln ( x ) +ln ( x + √ 5 ) +ln ( x−√ 5 )−ln ( x +3 )−ln ( x + √ 3 )−ln ( x −√3 ) ]
1
¿
3
[ lnlnx ( x + √ 5 ) ( x−√ 5 )−ln ( x 2 +3 ) ( x + √ 3 ) ( x−√3 ) ]
1 1
¿ [ ln x ( x2 −5 )−ln ( x2 +3 ) ( x 2−3 ) ]= [ ln x ( x 2−5 ) −ln ( x 4−9 ) ]
3 3
2 1/3
1 x ( x −5 ) x ( x 2−5 ) x ( x2 −5 )
¿ ln 4
3 x −9
¿ ln
x 4−9 [ ] √ =ln
3

x 4 −9

lnb lna
( )( )
25) ( log a b ) ( logb a ) = lna lnb =1
2 2
1 3+2 √ 2 1 ( 3+2 √ 2 )( 3+ 2 √ 2 ) 1 ( 3+2 √ 2 ) 1 ( 3+2 √ 2 )
26) log = log = log = log
2 3−2 √2 2 ( 3−2 √ 2 ) ( 3+2 √2 ) 2 ( 9−4 (2) ) 2 1

1 2 1
¿ log ( 3+2 √ 2 ) = 2 log ( 3+2 √ 2 )=log ( 3+ 2 √ 2 )
2 2

( √ x +3+ √ x +2 )( √ x +3−√ x +2 )
27)log b ( √ x+ 3+ √ x+2 ) =log b
√ x +3−√ x +2
x+ 3−(x+2) 1 −1
¿ log b ¿ log b =log b ( √ x +3− √ x +2 )
√ x +3−√ x +2 √ x +3−√ x +2
¿−log b ( √ x+3−√ x+ 2 )

√ x 2 +a 2+ a =¿ log b [ √ x
2
+a 2+ a ] [ √ x 2 +a2 −a ] x 2 +a2 −a2
28) log b =¿ log b
x x [ √ x 2 +a2−a ] x [ √ x 2+ a2−a ]
−1 −1
x2 x x
¿ log b 2 2
x [ √ x + a −a ]
=¿ log b 2 2 =¿ log b
√ x +a −a [( √ x +a2 −a
2 ) ]
x 2+ a2−a
=−log b √
−1
x
¿ −log b (√ x 2+ a2−a ) x

2 ( x + √ x 2−1 )( x− √ x 2−1 ) x 2−( x 2−1 )

29)log b ( x + √ x −1 )=logb =log b
( x−√ x 2−1 ) x−√ x2−1

1
¿ log b 2
=−log b ( x−√ x 2−1 )
x−√ x −1

( 1− √1−x2 )( 1+ √1−x 2 )
2 1−( 1−x 2 )
30)log b ( 1−√1−x ) =logb =log b
( 1+ √ 1−x 2 ) 1+ √ 1− x2

x2 2 2
¿ log b 2 ¿ log b x −log b ( x− √ 1−x )
1+ √ 1−x
¿ 2 log b x−log b ( x− √1−x 2 )

31) 2 x =82 x−3=( 23 ) 2 x−3=26 x−9 ↔2 x =26 x−9 ↔ x 2=6 x−9

2 2

2 2
↔ x −6 x+ 9=0 ↔ ( x−3 ) =0 ↔ x=3.
1 −2 x
32) 10 −25 ( 10x ) =0 ↔10−2 x −100 ( 10 x ) =0
4

↔ 10−2 x −10 2 ( 10 x )=0 ↔ 10−2 x =10 x+2

↔−2 x=x +2↔−2 x −x=2↔−3 x=2

↔ x=−2/3

33) ( 1/2 )2−x =8 ( 2x−1 )3 ↔ ( 2 )x−2=23 23 x−3 ↔ ( 2 ) x−2=23 x ↔ x−2=3 x

↔−2=3 x−x ↔−2=2 x ↔−1= x

34) 62 t + 6t −6=0↔ ( 6 t )2 +1∙ ( 6 t ) −6=0↔ ( 6 t +3 ) ( 6t −2 ) =0

↔ 6t =2 ↔ t=log 6 2=ln(2)/ ln (6)

1 −1
35) 2 =( 2|x|−2 ) ↔ 2−1=22−|x|↔ 2−|x|=−1↔ 2+1=|x|

↔|x|=3 ↔ x=3 o x−3

36)4 x =52 x+1 ↔ ln ( 4 x )=ln ( 52 x+1 ) ↔ xln ( 4 )=( 2 x+1 ) ln (5)

↔ xln ( 22 )=2 xln ( 5 ) + ln ( 5 )

↔ 2 xln (2 )−2 xln(5)=ln(5)

↔ 2 x [ ln ( 2 )−ln( 5) ] =ln ( 5 ) ↔ 2 xln ( 2/5 )=ln (5)

ln( 5)
↔ x=
2 ln ( 2/5 )

37) ( 5 x )2−26 ( 5 x ) +25=0↔ ( 5 x −25 ) ( 5 x −1 )=0↔ 5 x =25 o 5 x =1

↔ 5x =5 2 o 5 x =50 ↔ x=2o x =0.

38) 64 t−10 ( 8t ) +16=0 ↔ ( 8t ) 2−10 ( 8t ) + 16=0

 ↔ ( 8 t−2 ) ( 8 t−8 )=0

↔ t=log 8 ( 2 ) o t=log 8 ( 8 ) o

1
↔ t= o t=1
3

39) x ln( x)=e 9 ↔ ln ( x ln (x) )=ln ( e 9 ) ↔ ln ( x ) ln ( x )=9 ln ( e )=9 ( 1 ) =9

2
↔ [ ln (x) ] =9 ↔ ln ( x ) =±3 ↔ x=e 3 o x=e−3.

40)e 2 x −2 e x =3 ↔ ( e x )2−2 ( e x ) −3=0↔ ( e x −3 ) ( e x +1 )=0

↔ e x −3=0 ↔e x =3↔ x=ln(3)

41) 5 x−2=1↔ ln ( 5 x−2) =ln ( 1 ) ↔ ( x−2 ) ln ( 5 )=0 ↔ x−2=0↔ x=2

2

42) 3 x =27 x ↔ 3x =( 33 )x ↔3 x =33 x ↔ x=3 x 2 ↔3 x 2−x=0

2 2

3 x =x ( 3 x−1 )=0↔ x=0 o x=1/3

−2 x 1
43) 10 = ↔10−2 x =10−5 ↔−2 x=−5 ↔ x=5/ 2
100000
3 2 x−1
92 x−1 3 x (3 ) 36 x−3
44) 27 x = ↔ ( 3 ) = ↔3 3 x = ↔ 33 x =35 x−3
3x 3x x
3
↔ 3 x=5 x−3 ↔ 3=5 x−3 x ↔3=2 x ↔3 /2=x

45) 5−102 w =0 ↔5=102 w ↔ ln ( 5 )=ln ( 102 w ) ↔ ln ( 5 )=2 wln(10)

ln (5) ln(5)
↔ =w ↔ w= =log 100 (5)
2 ln (10) ln (10 0)

46)7−x =9↔ ln ( 7−x )=ln ( 9 ) ↔−xln ( 7 ) =ln ( 9 )

−ln ( 9 )
↔ x= =−log 7 (9)
ln (7 )

47)e 5 x−2=30 ↔ ln ( e 5 x−2 )=ln ( 30 ) ↔ (5 x−2 ) ln ( e )=ln¿

ln ( 30 ) +2
↔ 5 x−2=ln ( 30 ) ↔ x=
5

48)4 log ( x)=9 ↔ ln ( 4 log (x)) =ln ( 9 ) ↔ log2 ( x ) ln ( 4 )=ln(9)

2 2
 ln (9)
↔ log 2 ( x )= ↔ log 2 ( x ) ↔ log 4 ( 9 ) ↔ x=2 log ( 9)
4

ln (4)

49) e x -e− x =−1↔ e x − ❑1 =−1 ↔ ( e x ) −1=−e x ↔ ( e x ) +1(e ¿¿ x)−1=0 ¿

2 2

−1± √ 12−4 (1)(−1) −1+ √ 5

↔e =
x

2(1)
↔ ex=
2
↔ x=ln ( √ 5−1
2 )