Professional Documents
Culture Documents
I (4–1–11 Edition)
manufacture of medicated feeds is sub- units that are drawn based on rational
ject to the requirements of part 225 of criteria such as random sampling and
this chapter. intended to assure that the sample ac-
(14) The term medicated premix means curately portrays the material being
a Type A medicated article as defined sampled.
in § 558.3 of this chapter. The article (22) Gang-printed labeling means la-
contains one or more drugs as defined beling derived from a sheet of material
in section 201(g) of the act. The manu- on which more than one item of label-
facture of medicated premixes is sub- ing is printed.
ject to the requirements of part 226 of
[43 FR 45076, Sept. 29, 1978, as amended at 51
this chapter. FR 7389, Mar. 3, 1986; 58 FR 41353, Aug. 3, 1993;
(15) Quality control unit means any 73 FR 51931, Sept. 8, 2008]
person or organizational element des-
ignated by the firm to be responsible EFFECTIVE DATE NOTE: At 74 FR 65431, Dec.
10, 2009, § 210.3(a) and (b) introductory text
for the duties relating to quality con- were amended by removing the phrase ‘‘211
trol. through 226’’ and adding in its place the
(16) Strength means: phrase ‘‘211, 225, and 226’’, effective Dec. 12,
(i) The concentration of the drug sub- 2011.
stance (for example, weight/weight,
weight/volume, or unit dose/volume PART 211—CURRENT GOOD MAN-
basis), and/or
(ii) The potency, that is, the thera-
UFACTURING PRACTICE FOR FIN-
peutic activity of the drug product as ISHED PHARMACEUTICALS
indicated by appropriate laboratory
tests or by adequately developed and Subpart A—General Provisions
controlled clinical data (expressed, for Sec.
example, in terms of units by reference 211.1 Scope.
to a standard). 211.3 Definitions.
(17) Theoretical yield means the quan-
tity that would be produced at any ap- Subpart B—Organization and Personnel
propriate phase of manufacture, proc- 211.22 Responsibilities of quality control
essing, or packing of a particular drug unit.
product, based upon the quantity of 211.25 Personnel qualifications.
components to be used, in the absence 211.28 Personnel responsibilities.
of any loss or error in actual produc- 211.34 Consultants.
tion.
(18) Actual yield means the quantity Subpart C—Buildings and Facilities
that is actually produced at any appro-
211.42 Design and construction features.
priate phase of manufacture, proc- 211.44 Lighting.
essing, or packing of a particular drug 211.46 Ventilation, air filtration, air heating
product. and cooling.
(19) Percentage of theoretical yield 211.48 Plumbing.
means the ratio of the actual yield (at 211.50 Sewage and refuse.
any appropriate phase of manufacture, 211.52 Washing and toilet facilities.
processing, or packing of a particular 211.56 Sanitation.
drug product) to the theoretical yield 211.58 Maintenance.
(at the same phase), stated as a per-
centage. Subpart D—Equipment
(20) Acceptance criteria means the 211.63 Equipment design, size, and location.
product specifications and acceptance/ 211.65 Equipment construction.
rejection criteria, such as acceptable 211.67 Equipment cleaning and mainte-
quality level and unacceptable quality nance.
level, with an associated sampling 211.68 Automatic, mechanical, and elec-
plan, that are necessary for making a tronic equipment.
decision to accept or reject a lot or 211.72 Filters.
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batch (or any other convenient sub- Subpart E—Control of Components and
groups of manufactured units). Drug Product Containers and Closures
(21) Representative sample means a
sample that consists of a number of 211.80 General requirements.
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Food and Drug Administration, HHS § 211.1
211.82 Receipt and storage of untested com- 211.196 Distribution records.
ponents, drug product containers, and 211.198 Complaint files.
closures.
211.84 Testing and approval or rejection of Subpart K—Returned and Salvaged Drug
components, drug product containers, Products
and closures.
211.86 Use of approved components, drug 211.204 Returned drug products.
product containers, and closures. 211.208 Drug product salvaging.
211.87 Retesting of approved components,
drug product containers, and closures. AUTHORITY: 21 U.S.C. 321, 351, 352, 355, 360b,
211.89 Rejected components, drug product 371, 374; 42 U.S.C. 216, 262, 263a, 264.
containers, and closures. SOURCE: 43 FR 45077, Sept. 29, 1978, unless
211.94 Drug product containers and closures. otherwise noted.
records.
211.188 Batch production and control may also fall within the legal defini-
records. tion of drugs by virtue of their in-
211.192 Production record review. tended use. Therefore, until further no-
211.194 Laboratory records. tice, regulations under part 110 of this
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§ 211.3 21 CFR Ch. I (4–1–11 Edition)
chapter, and where applicable, parts 113 tions impacting on the identity,
to 129 of this chapter, shall be applied strength, quality, and purity of the
in determining whether these OTC drug drug product.
products that are also foods are manu- (d) The responsibilities and proce-
factured, processed, packed, or held dures applicable to the quality control
under current good manufacturing unit shall be in writing; such written
practice. procedures shall be followed.
[43 FR 45077, Sept. 29, 1978, as amended at 62
FR 66522, Dec. 19, 1997; 69 FR 29828, May 25, § 211.25 Personnel qualifications.
2004] (a) Each person engaged in the manu-
EFFECTIVE DATE NOTE: At 74 FR 65431, Dec. facture, processing, packing, or holding
10, 2009, § 211.1 was amended by revising para- of a drug product shall have education,
graph (a), effective Dec. 12, 2011. For the con- training, and experience, or any com-
venience of the user, the revised text is set bination thereof, to enable that person
forth as follows: to perform the assigned functions.
§ 211.1 Scope. Training shall be in the particular op-
(a) The regulations in this part contain the erations that the employee performs
minimum current good manufacturing prac- and in current good manufacturing
tice for preparation of drug products (exclud- practice (including the current good
ing positron emission tomography drugs) for manufacturing practice regulations in
administration to humans or animals. this chapter and written procedures re-
quired by these regulations) as they re-
* * * * * late to the employee’s functions.
Training in current good manufac-
§ 211.3 Definitions. turing practice shall be conducted by
The definitions set forth in § 210.3 of qualified individuals on a continuing
this chapter apply in this part. basis and with sufficient frequency to
assure that employees remain familiar
Subpart B—Organization and with CGMP requirements applicable to
them.
Personnel (b) Each person responsible for super-
§ 211.22 Responsibilities of quality vising the manufacture, processing,
control unit. packing, or holding of a drug product
shall have the education, training, and
(a) There shall be a quality control
experience, or any combination there-
unit that shall have the responsibility
of, to perform assigned functions in
and authority to approve or reject all
such a manner as to provide assurance
components, drug product containers,
that the drug product has the safety,
closures, in-process materials, pack-
identity, strength, quality, and purity
aging material, labeling, and drug
that it purports or is represented to
products, and the authority to review
possess.
production records to assure that no
errors have occurred or, if errors have (c) There shall be an adequate num-
occurred, that they have been fully in- ber of qualified personnel to perform
vestigated. The quality control unit and supervise the manufacture, proc-
shall be responsible for approving or re- essing, packing, or holding of each drug
jecting drug products manufactured, product.
processed, packed, or held under con-
§ 211.28 Personnel responsibilities.
tract by another company.
(b) Adequate laboratory facilities for (a) Personnel engaged in the manu-
the testing and approval (or rejection) facture, processing, packing, or holding
of components, drug product con- of a drug product shall wear clean
tainers, closures, packaging materials, clothing appropriate for the duties
in-process materials, and drug products they perform. Protective apparel, such
shall be available to the quality con- as head, face, hand, and arm coverings,
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Food and Drug Administration, HHS § 211.42
(c) Only personnel authorized by su- defined areas or such other control sys-
pervisory personnel shall enter those tems for the firm’s operations as are
areas of the buildings and facilities necessary to prevent contamination or
designated as limited-access areas. mixups during the course of the fol-
(d) Any person shown at any time (ei- lowing procedures:
ther by medical examination or super- (1) Receipt, identification, storage,
visory observation) to have an appar- and withholding from use of compo-
ent illness or open lesions that may ad- nents, drug product containers, clo-
versely affect the safety or quality of sures, and labeling, pending the appro-
drug products shall be excluded from
priate sampling, testing, or examina-
direct contact with components, drug
tion by the quality control unit before
product containers, closures, in-process
materials, and drug products until the release for manufacturing or pack-
condition is corrected or determined by aging;
competent medical personnel not to (2) Holding rejected components,
jeopardize the safety or quality of drug drug product containers, closures, and
products. All personnel shall be in- labeling before disposition;
structed to report to supervisory per- (3) Storage of released components,
sonnel any health conditions that may drug product containers, closures, and
have an adverse effect on drug prod- labeling;
ucts. (4) Storage of in-process materials;
(5) Manufacturing and processing op-
§ 211.34 Consultants. erations;
Consultants advising on the manu- (6) Packaging and labeling oper-
facture, processing, packing, or holding ations;
of drug products shall have sufficient (7) Quarantine storage before release
education, training, and experience, or of drug products;
any combination thereof, to advise on (8) Storage of drug products after re-
the subject for which they are retained.
lease;
Records shall be maintained stating
(9) Control and laboratory oper-
the name, address, and qualifications
of any consultants and the type of ations;
service they provide. (10) Aseptic processing, which in-
cludes as appropriate:
Subpart C—Buildings and Facilities (i) Floors, walls, and ceilings of
smooth, hard surfaces that are easily
§ 211.42 Design and construction fea- cleanable;
tures. (ii) Temperature and humidity con-
(a) Any building or buildings used in trols;
the manufacture, processing, packing, (iii) An air supply filtered through
or holding of a drug product shall be of high-efficiency particulate air filters
suitable size, construction and location under positive pressure, regardless of
to facilitate cleaning, maintenance, whether flow is laminar or nonlaminar;
and proper operations. (iv) A system for monitoring environ-
(b) Any such building shall have ade- mental conditions;
quate space for the orderly placement (v) A system for cleaning and dis-
of equipment and materials to prevent infecting the room and equipment to
mixups between different components, produce aseptic conditions;
drug product containers, closures, la- (vi) A system for maintaining any
beling, in-process materials, or drug equipment used to control the aseptic
products, and to prevent contamina- conditions.
tion. The flow of components, drug
(d) Operations relating to the manu-
product containers, closures, labeling,
facture, processing, and packing of pen-
in-process materials, and drug products
icillin shall be performed in facilities
through the building or buildings shall
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§ 211.44 21 CFR Ch. I (4–1–11 Edition)
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Food and Drug Administration, HHS § 211.68
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§ 211.72 21 CFR Ch. I (4–1–11 Edition)
inadvertent erasures, or loss shall be ably spaced to permit cleaning and in-
maintained. spection.
(c) Such automated equipment used (d) Each container or grouping of
for performance of operations ad- containers for components or drug
dressed by §§ 211.101(c) or (d), 211.103, product containers, or closures shall be
211.182, or 211.188(b)(11) can satisfy the identified with a distinctive code for
requirements included in those sec- each lot in each shipment received.
tions relating to the performance of an This code shall be used in recording the
operation by one person and checking disposition of each lot. Each lot shall
by another person if such equipment is be appropriately identified as to its
used in conformity with this section, status (i.e., quarantined, approved, or
and one person checks that the equip- rejected).
ment properly performed the oper-
ation. § 211.82 Receipt and storage of untest-
ed components, drug product con-
[43 FR 45077, Sept. 29, 1978, as amended at 60 tainers, and closures.
FR 4091, Jan. 20, 1995; 73 FR 51932, Sept. 8, (a) Upon receipt and before accept-
2008]
ance, each container or grouping of
§ 211.72 Filters. containers of components, drug prod-
uct containers, and closures shall be
Filters for liquid filtration used in examined visually for appropriate la-
the manufacture, processing, or pack- beling as to contents, container dam-
ing of injectable drug products in- age or broken seals, and contamina-
tended for human use shall not release tion.
fibers into such products. Fiber-releas- (b) Components, drug product con-
ing filters may be used when it is not tainers, and closures shall be stored
possible to manufacture such products under quarantine until they have been
without the use of these filters. If use tested or examined, whichever is appro-
of a fiber-releasing filter is necessary, priate, and released. Storage within
an additional nonfiber-releasing filter the area shall conform to the require-
having a maximum nominal pore size ments of § 211.80.
rating of 0.2 micron (0.45 micron if the
manufacturing conditions so dictate) [43 FR 45077, Sept. 29, 1978, as amended at 73
FR 51932, Sept. 8, 2008]
shall subsequently be used to reduce
the content of particles in the § 211.84 Testing and approval or rejec-
injectable drug product. The use of an tion of components, drug product
asbestos-containing filter is prohibited. containers, and closures.
[73 FR 51932, Sept. 8, 2008] (a) Each lot of components, drug
product containers, and closures shall
Subpart E—Control of Compo- be withheld from use until the lot has
been sampled, tested, or examined, as
nents and Drug Product Con- appropriate, and released for use by the
tainers and Closures quality control unit.
(b) Representative samples of each
§ 211.80 General requirements.
shipment of each lot shall be collected
(a) There shall be written procedures for testing or examination. The num-
describing in sufficient detail the re- ber of containers to be sampled, and
ceipt, identification, storage, handling, the amount of material to be taken
sampling, testing, and approval or re- from each container, shall be based
jection of components and drug prod- upon appropriate criteria such as sta-
uct containers and closures; such writ- tistical criteria for component varia-
ten procedures shall be followed. bility, confidence levels, and degree of
(b) Components and drug product precision desired, the past quality his-
containers and closures shall at all tory of the supplier, and the quantity
times be handled and stored in a man- needed for analysis and reserve where
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Food and Drug Administration, HHS § 211.87
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§ 211.89 21 CFR Ch. I (4–1–11 Edition)
heat or other conditions that might ad- priate organizational units and re-
versely affect the component, drug viewed and approved by the quality
product container, or closure. control unit.
(b) Written production and process
§ 211.89 Rejected components, drug control procedures shall be followed in
product containers, and closures. the execution of the various production
Rejected components, drug product and process control functions and shall
containers, and closures shall be iden- be documented at the time of perform-
tified and controlled under a quar- ance. Any deviation from the written
antine system designed to prevent procedures shall be recorded and justi-
their use in manufacturing or proc- fied.
essing operations for which they are
unsuitable. § 211.101 Charge-in of components.
Written production and control pro-
§ 211.94 Drug product containers and
closures. cedures shall include the following,
which are designed to assure that the
(a) Drug product containers and clo- drug products produced have the iden-
sures shall not be reactive, additive, or tity, strength, quality, and purity they
absorptive so as to alter the safety, purport or are represented to possess:
identity, strength, quality, or purity of (a) The batch shall be formulated
the drug beyond the official or estab- with the intent to provide not less than
lished requirements. 100 percent of the labeled or established
(b) Container closure systems shall amount of active ingredient.
provide adequate protection against (b) Components for drug product
foreseeable external factors in storage manufacturing shall be weighed, meas-
and use that can cause deterioration or ured, or subdivided as appropriate. If a
contamination of the drug product. component is removed from the origi-
(c) Drug product containers and clo- nal container to another, the new con-
sures shall be clean and, where indi- tainer shall be identified with the fol-
cated by the nature of the drug, steri- lowing information:
lized and processed to remove (1) Component name or item code;
pyrogenic properties to assure that (2) Receiving or control number;
they are suitable for their intended (3) Weight or measure in new con-
use. Such depyrogenation processes tainer;
shall be validated. (4) Batch for which component was
(d) Standards or specifications, meth-
dispensed, including its product name,
ods of testing, and, where indicated,
strength, and lot number.
methods of cleaning, sterilizing, and
(c) Weighing, measuring, or subdi-
processing to remove pyrogenic prop-
viding operations for components shall
erties shall be written and followed for
be adequately supervised. Each con-
drug product containers and closures.
tainer of component dispensed to man-
[43 FR 45077, Sept. 29, 1978, as amended at 73 ufacturing shall be examined by a sec-
FR 51932, Sept. 8, 2008] ond person to assure that:
(1) The component was released by
Subpart F—Production and the quality control unit;
Process Controls (2) The weight or measure is correct
as stated in the batch production
§ 211.100 Written procedures; devi- records;
ations. (3) The containers are properly iden-
(a) There shall be written procedures tified. If the weighing, measuring, or
for production and process control de- subdividing operations are performed
signed to assure that the drug products by automated equipment under § 211.68,
have the identity, strength, quality, only one person is needed to assure
and purity they purport or are rep- paragraphs (c)(1), (c)(2), and (c)(3) of
resented to possess. Such procedures this section.
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shall include all requirements in this (d) Each component shall either be
subpart. These written procedures, in- added to the batch by one person and
cluding any changes, shall be drafted, verified by a second person or, if the
reviewed, and approved by the appro- components are added by automated
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Food and Drug Administration, HHS § 211.113
equipment under § 211.68, only verified procedures shall include, but are not
by one person. limited to, the following, where appro-
priate:
[43 FR 45077, Sept. 29, 1978, as amended at 73
FR 51932, Sept. 8, 2008] (1) Tablet or capsule weight vari-
ation;
§ 211.103 Calculation of yield. (2) Disintegration time;
Actual yields and percentages of the- (3) Adequacy of mixing to assure uni-
oretical yield shall be determined at formity and homogeneity;
the conclusion of each appropriate (4) Dissolution time and rate;
phase of manufacturing, processing, (5) Clarity, completeness, or pH of so-
packaging, or holding of the drug prod- lutions.
uct. Such calculations shall either be (6) Bioburden testing.
performed by one person and independ- (b) Valid in-process specifications for
ently verified by a second person, or, if such characteristics shall be consistent
the yield is calculated by automated with drug product final specifications
equipment under § 211.68, be independ- and shall be derived from previous ac-
ently verified by one person. ceptable process average and process
variability estimates where possible
[73 FR 51932, Sept. 8, 2008]
and determined by the application of
§ 211.105 Equipment identification. suitable statistical procedures where
appropriate. Examination and testing
(a) All compounding and storage con- of samples shall assure that the drug
tainers, processing lines, and major product and in-process material con-
equipment used during the production form to specifications.
of a batch of a drug product shall be (c) In-process materials shall be test-
properly identified at all times to indi- ed for identity, strength, quality, and
cate their contents and, when nec- purity as appropriate, and approved or
essary, the phase of processing of the rejected by the quality control unit,
batch. during the production process, e.g., at
(b) Major equipment shall be identi- commencement or completion of sig-
fied by a distinctive identification nificant phases or after storage for
number or code that shall be recorded long periods.
in the batch production record to show (d) Rejected in-process materials
the specific equipment used in the shall be identified and controlled under
manufacture of each batch of a drug a quarantine system designed to pre-
product. In cases where only one of a vent their use in manufacturing or
particular type of equipment exists in processing operations for which they
a manufacturing facility, the name of are unsuitable.
the equipment may be used in lieu of a
distinctive identification number or [43 FR 45077, Sept. 29, 1978, as amended at 73
code. FR 51932, Sept. 8, 2008]
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§ 211.115 21 CFR Ch. I (4–1–11 Edition)
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Food and Drug Administration, HHS § 211.132
issued when such discrepancies are out- (e) Inspection of the packaging and
side narrow preset limits based on his- labeling facilities immediately before
torical operating data. Such discrep- use to assure that all drug products
ancies shall be investigated in accord- have been removed from previous oper-
ance with § 211.192. Labeling reconcili- ations. Inspection shall also be made to
ation is waived for cut or roll labeling assure that packaging and labeling ma-
if a 100-percent examination for correct terials not suitable for subsequent op-
labeling is performed in accordance erations have been removed. Results of
with § 211.122(g)(2). inspection shall be documented in the
(d) All excess labeling bearing lot or batch production records.
control numbers shall be destroyed. [43 FR 45077, Sept. 29, 1978, as amended at 58
(e) Returned labeling shall be main- FR 41354, Aug. 3, 1993]
tained and stored in a manner to pre-
vent mixups and provide proper identi- § 211.132 Tamper-evident packaging
fication. requirements for over-the-counter
(OTC) human drug products.
(f) Procedures shall be written de-
scribing in sufficient detail the control (a) General. The Food and Drug Ad-
procedures employed for the issuance ministration has the authority under
of labeling; such written procedures the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic
shall be followed. Act (the act) to establish a uniform na-
tional requirement for tamper-evident
[43 FR 45077, Sept. 29, 1978, as amended at 58 packaging of OTC drug products that
FR 41354, Aug. 3, 1993]
will improve the security of OTC drug
§ 211.130 Packaging and labeling oper- packaging and help assure the safety
ations. and effectiveness of OTC drug products.
An OTC drug product (except a der-
There shall be written procedures de- matological, dentifrice, insulin, or loz-
signed to assure that correct labels, la- enge product) for retail sale that is not
beling, and packaging materials are packaged in a tamper-resistant pack-
used for drug products; such written age or that is not properly labeled
procedures shall be followed. These under this section is adulterated under
procedures shall incorporate the fol- section 501 of the act or misbranded
lowing features: under section 502 of the act, or both.
(a) Prevention of mixups and cross- (b) Requirements for tamper-evident
contamination by physical or spatial package. (1) Each manufacturer and
separation from operations on other packer who packages an OTC drug
drug products. product (except a dermatological, den-
(b) Identification and handling of tifrice, insulin, or lozenge product) for
filled drug product containers that are retail sale shall package the product in
set aside and held in unlabeled condi- a tamper-evident package, if this prod-
tion for future labeling operations to uct is accessible to the public while
preclude mislabeling of individual con- held for sale. A tamper-evident pack-
tainers, lots, or portions of lots. Identi- age is one having one or more indica-
fication need not be applied to each in- tors or barriers to entry which, if
dividual container but shall be suffi- breached or missing, can reasonably be
cient to determine name, strength, expected to provide visible evidence to
quantity of contents, and lot or control consumers that tampering has oc-
number of each container. curred. To reduce the likelihood of suc-
(c) Identification of the drug product cessful tampering and to increase the
with a lot or control number that per- likelihood that consumers will discover
mits determination of the history of if a product has been tampered with,
the manufacture and control of the the package is required to be distinc-
batch. tive by design or by the use of one or
(d) Examination of packaging and la- more indicators or barriers to entry
beling materials for suitability and that employ an identifying char-
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§ 211.134 21 CFR Ch. I (4–1–11 Edition)
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Food and Drug Administration, HHS § 211.160
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§ 211.165 21 CFR Ch. I (4–1–11 Edition)
strength of each active ingredient, (2) Storage conditions for samples re-
prior to release. Where sterility and/or tained for testing;
pyrogen testing are conducted on spe- (3) Reliable, meaningful, and specific
cific batches of shortlived radio- test methods;
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Food and Drug Administration, HHS § 211.170
(4) Testing of the drug product in the (b) For each batch of ophthalmic
same container-closure system as that ointment, there shall be appropriate
in which the drug product is marketed; testing to determine conformance to
(5) Testing of drug products for re- specifications regarding the presence of
constitution at the time of dispensing foreign particles and harsh or abrasive
(as directed in the labeling) as well as substances. The test procedures shall
after they are reconstituted. be in writing and shall be followed.
(b) An adequate number of batches of (c) For each batch of controlled-re-
each drug product shall be tested to de- lease dosage form, there shall be appro-
termine an appropriate expiration date priate laboratory testing to determine
and a record of such data shall be conformance to the specifications for
maintained. Accelerated studies, com- the rate of release of each active ingre-
bined with basic stability information dient. The test procedures shall be in
on the components, drug products, and writing and shall be followed.
container-closure system, may be used
to support tentative expiration dates § 211.170 Reserve samples.
provided full shelf life studies are not (a) An appropriately identified re-
available and are being conducted. serve sample that is representative of
Where data from accelerated studies each lot in each shipment of each ac-
are used to project a tentative expira- tive ingredient shall be retained. The
tion date that is beyond a date sup- reserve sample consists of at least
ported by actual shelf life studies, twice the quantity necessary for all
there must be stability studies con- tests required to determine whether
ducted, including drug product testing the active ingredient meets its estab-
at appropriate intervals, until the ten- lished specifications, except for ste-
tative expiration date is verified or the rility and pyrogen testing. The reten-
appropriate expiration date deter- tion time is as follows:
mined. (1) For an active ingredient in a drug
(c) For homeopathic drug products, product other than those described in
the requirements of this section are as paragraphs (a) (2) and (3) of this sec-
follows: tion, the reserve sample shall be re-
(1) There shall be a written assess- tained for 1 year after the expiration
ment of stability based at least on test- date of the last lot of the drug product
ing or examination of the drug product containing the active ingredient.
for compatibility of the ingredients, (2) For an active ingredient in a ra-
and based on marketing experience dioactive drug product, except for non-
with the drug product to indicate that radioactive reagent kits, the reserve
there is no degradation of the product sample shall be retained for:
for the normal or expected period of (i) Three months after the expiration
use. date of the last lot of the drug product
(2) Evaluation of stability shall be containing the active ingredient if the
based on the same container-closure expiration dating period of the drug
system in which the drug product is product is 30 days or less; or
being marketed. (ii) Six months after the expiration
(d) Allergenic extracts that are la- date of the last lot of the drug product
beled ‘‘No U.S. Standard of Potency’’ containing the active ingredient if the
are exempt from the requirements of expiration dating period of the drug
this section. product is more than 30 days.
[43 FR 45077, Sept. 29, 1978, as amended at 46 (3) For an active ingredient in an
FR 56412, Nov. 17, 1981] OTC drug product that is exempt from
bearing an expiration date under
§ 211.167 Special testing requirements. § 211.137, the reserve sample shall be re-
(a) For each batch of drug product tained for 3 years after distribution of
purporting to be sterile and/or pyrogen- the last lot of the drug product con-
free, there shall be appropriate labora- taining the active ingredient.
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§ 211.173 21 CFR Ch. I (4–1–11 Edition)
consistent with product labeling. The suitability for their intended use. They
reserve sample shall be stored in the shall be identified, and adequate
same immediate container-closure sys- records shall be maintained showing
tem in which the drug product is mar- the history of their use.
keted or in one that has essentially the
same characteristics. The reserve sam- § 211.176 Penicillin contamination.
ple consists of at least twice the quan-
If a reasonable possibility exists that
tity necessary to perform all the re-
a non-penicillin drug product has been
quired tests, except those for sterility
and pyrogens. Except for those for drug exposed to cross-contamination with
products described in paragraph (b)(2) penicillin, the non-penicillin drug prod-
of this section, reserve samples from uct shall be tested for the presence of
representative sample lots or batches penicillin. Such drug product shall not
selected by acceptable statistical pro- be marketed if detectable levels are
cedures shall be examined visually at found when tested according to proce-
least once a year for evidence of dete- dures specified in ‘Procedures for De-
rioration unless visual examination tecting and Measuring Penicillin Con-
would affect the integrity of the re- tamination in Drugs,’ which is incor-
serve sample. Any evidence of reserve porated by reference. Copies are avail-
sample deterioration shall be inves- able from the Division of Research and
tigated in accordance with § 211.192. Testing (HFD–470), Center for Drug
The results of the examination shall be Evaluation and Research, Food and
recorded and maintained with other Drug Administration, 5100 Paint
stability data on the drug product. Re- Branch Pkwy., College Park, MD 20740,
serve samples of compressed medical or available for inspection at the Na-
gases need not be retained. The reten-
tional Archives and Records Adminis-
tion time is as follows:
tration (NARA). For information on
(1) For a drug product other than
those described in paragraphs (b) (2) the availability of this material at
and (3) of this section, the reserve sam- NARA, call 202–741–6030, or go to: http://
ple shall be retained for 1 year after www.archives.gov/federallregister/
the expiration date of the drug prod- codeloflfederallregulations/
uct. ibrllocations.html.
(2) For a radioactive drug product, [43 FR 45077, Sept. 29, 1978, as amended at 47
except for nonradioactive reagent kits, FR 9396, Mar. 5, 1982; 50 FR 8996, Mar. 6, 1985;
the reserve sample shall be retained 55 FR 11577, Mar. 29, 1990; 66 FR 56035, Nov. 6,
for: 2001; 69 FR 18803, Apr. 9, 2004]
(i) Three months after the expiration
date of the drug product if the expira-
tion dating period of the drug product
Subpart J—Records and Reports
is 30 days or less; or § 211.180 General requirements.
(ii) Six months after the expiration
date of the drug product if the expira- (a) Any production, control, or dis-
tion dating period of the drug product tribution record that is required to be
is more than 30 days. maintained in compliance with this
(3) For an OTC drug product that is part and is specifically associated with
exempt for bearing an expiration date a batch of a drug product shall be re-
under § 211.137, the reserve sample must tained for at least 1 year after the expi-
be retained for 3 years after the lot or ration date of the batch or, in the case
batch of drug product is distributed. of certain OTC drug products lacking
[48 FR 13025, Mar. 29, 1983, as amended at 60 expiration dating because they meet
FR 4091, Jan. 20, 1995] the criteria for exemption under
§ 211.137, 3 years after distribution of
§ 211.173 Laboratory animals. the batch.
Animals used in testing components, (b) Records shall be maintained for
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Food and Drug Administration, HHS § 211.184
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§ 211.186 21 CFR Ch. I (4–1–11 Edition)
of components necessary for the prepa- including specimens or copies of all la-
ration in the dosage form, provided beling used;
they are justified in the master produc- (9) Description of drug product con-
tion and control records; tainers and closures;
160
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Food and Drug Administration, HHS § 211.194
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§ 211.196 21 CFR Ch. I (4–1–11 Edition)
that are at least as accurate and reli- complaints shall be maintained at the
able for the material being tested as establishment where the drug product
the established method. involved was manufactured, processed,
(c) Complete records shall be main- or packed, or such file may be main-
tained of any testing and standardiza- tained at another facility if the written
tion of laboratory reference standards, records in such files are readily avail-
reagents, and standard solutions. able for inspection at that other facil-
(d) Complete records shall be main- ity. Written records involving a drug
tained of the periodic calibration of product shall be maintained until at
laboratory instruments, apparatus, least 1 year after the expiration date of
gauges, and recording devices required the drug product, or 1 year after the
by § 211.160(b)(4). date that the complaint was received,
(e) Complete records shall be main- whichever is longer. In the case of cer-
tained of all stability testing per- tain OTC drug products lacking expira-
formed in accordance with § 211.166. tion dating because they meet the cri-
teria for exemption under § 211.137, such
[43 FR 45077, Sept. 29, 1978, as amended at 55 written records shall be maintained for
FR 11577, Mar. 29, 1990; 65 FR 18889, Apr. 10,
2000; 70 FR 40880, July 15, 2005; 70 FR 67651,
3 years after distribution of the drug
Nov. 8, 2005] product.
(1) The written record shall include
§ 211.196 Distribution records. the following information, where
known: the name and strength of the
Distribution records shall contain
drug product, lot number, name of
the name and strength of the product
complainant, nature of complaint, and
and description of the dosage form,
reply to complainant.
name and address of the consignee,
(2) Where an investigation under
date and quantity shipped, and lot or
§ 211.192 is conducted, the written
control number of the drug product.
record shall include the findings of the
For compressed medical gas products, investigation and followup. The record
distribution records are not required to or copy of the record of the investiga-
contain lot or control numbers. tion shall be maintained at the estab-
(Approved by the Office of Management and lishment where the investigation oc-
Budget under control number 0910–0139) curred in accordance with § 211.180(c).
[49 FR 9865, Mar. 16, 1984] (3) Where an investigation under
§ 211.192 is not conducted, the written
§ 211.198 Complaint files. record shall include the reason that an
(a) Written procedures describing the investigation was found not to be nec-
essary and the name of the responsible
handling of all written and oral com-
person making such a determination.
plaints regarding a drug product shall
be established and followed. Such pro- [43 FR 45077, Sept. 29, 1978, as amended at 51
cedures shall include provisions for re- FR 24479, July 3, 1986; 68 FR 15364, Mar. 31,
view by the quality control unit, of any 2003]
complaint involving the possible fail-
ure of a drug product to meet any of its Subpart K—Returned and
specifications and, for such drug prod- Salvaged Drug Products
ucts, a determination as to the need for
an investigation in accordance with § 211.204 Returned drug products.
§ 211.192. Such procedures shall include Returned drug products shall be iden-
provisions for review to determine tified as such and held. If the condi-
whether the complaint represents a se- tions under which returned drug prod-
rious and unexpected adverse drug ex- ucts have been held, stored, or shipped
perience which is required to be re- before or during their return, or if the
ported to the Food and Drug Adminis- condition of the drug product, its con-
tration in accordance with §§ 310.305 tainer, carton, or labeling, as a result
and 514.80 of this chapter. of storage or shipping, casts doubt on
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(b) A written record of each com- the safety, identity, strength, quality
plaint shall be maintained in a file des- or purity of the drug product, the re-
ignated for drug product complaints. turned drug product shall be destroyed
The file regarding such drug product unless examination, testing, or other
162
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Food and Drug Administration, HHS Pt. 212
and disposition shall be maintained for 212.71 What actions must I take if a batch
drug products subject to this section. of PET drug product does not conform to
specifications?
163
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