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Engineeringmaterialspart 1 161218170820 PDF
Engineeringmaterialspart 1 161218170820 PDF
Introduction
What is engineering
materials?
• Engineering materials is a branch of science which deals
with the study of existing materials, their properties,
functions, uses and effects over different compositions
and mixtures. It provides the reader a broad knowledge
of materials over a wide range.
Types of materials
• Materials are classified as:
1. Metals
2. Non-metallic materials
Metals may be Ferrous or non ferrous however non-
metallic materials may be synthetic or natural.
Metals
Metals are the materials which show the properties like
hardness, opaque, shiny and has good electrical and
thermal conductivity.
Metals
Ferrous materials
• Metals or alloys having high percentage of iron.
• These materials are used where high strength is
required at relatively low cost.
• These materials are basically obtained from pig iron ore
which after treatment gives three types of ferrous
materials.
1. Steel
2. Cast iron
3. Wrought iron
Classification of steel
Medium carbon
Steels
steel
Malleable cast
Cast iron
iron
Manganese Gold
Platinum Cobalt
Tin Aluminum
Tungsten Zinc
Metals
Magnesium
Vanadium
Cadmium
Titanium
Silver Chromium
nickle Copper
Lead
Classification of non-ferrous alloys
Brass (Cu and
Zn)
Phosphor bronze
Tin bronze (Cu
and Sn)
Gun metal
Aluminium
Bronze
(Cu and Al)
Cupronickel
alloys (Cu and
Ni)
Alloys
Aluminium
alloys
Magnesium
alloys
Bearing metals
Non-metallic materials
Synthetic materials
• These are non-metallic materials that do not exist in
nature, although they are manufactured from nature
substances like oils, coal etc. They may be in one of the
following type:
1. Plastics
2. Ceramics
3. Composites
Classification of plastics
Epoxides
Thermosetting
Acrylic
Alkyds
Bakelite (phenol
formaldehyde)
PTFE
Plastics
Melamine-
Polythene
formaldehyde
Urea
formaldehyde
Thermoplastic PVC
Polystyrene
Nylon
Classification of ceramics
Glass
Ceramics Porcelain
Cemented
carbides
Classification of composites
Carbon fibre
Composites Concrete
Glass reinforced
plastic (GRP)
Natural non-metallic materials
• These occur naturally. Some of the natural materials are
:
1. Wood
2. Rubber
3. Glass
4. Emery (naturally occurring aluminum oxide )
5. Ceramic
6. Diamonds
7. Oils
8. Silicon