Usefu l Data

M" Mass of the earth 5.98 X 1024 kg

R" Radius of the earth 6.37 X 106 m
g Free-fall acceleration on earth
.,
9.80 m/s-
G G rav1tat1onal
. coRstant 6.67 X 10- 11 N m2/kg 2
ks Boltzmann's constant 1.38 X I0-23 J/K
R Gas constant 8.31 J/mol K
N,.,. Avogadro's number 6.02 X I 023 particles/mo!
T。 Absolute zero -273°C
(T
Stefan-Boltzmann constant 5.67 X 10-R W/m2K4
/Jatm Standard atmosphere 101,300 Pa
\'
sound Speecl of sound in air at 20°c 343 mis
, ,1
p Mass of ,the proton (and the neutron) l.67X 10一n kg
me Mass of the electron 9.11 X 10-31 kg
K Coulomb's law constant (l/41r囯 8.99 X 109 N m2/C2
C。 Permittivity constant 8.85 X 10- 12 C2/N m2
/.Lo Permeability constant 1.26 X 10-6 Tm/A
e Fundamental unit of charge 1.60 X 10- 19 C
C Speed of light in vacuum 3.00 X 囹 mis
h Planck's constant 6.63 X 10一34 JS 4.14 X 10- 15 eYs
fj Planck's constant 1.05 X 10-34 Js 6.58 X 10- 16 eV s
Gs Bohr radius 5.29 X 10-11 m

Common Prefixes Conversion Factors

Prefix Meaning Length Time
10-15 1 in= 2.54 cm I day = 86,400 s
femto-
10-12 I mi= 1.609 km l year = 3.16 X I07 s
pico-
10-9 Im= 39.37 in Pressure
nano-
IO一6 I km = 0.621 m1 I atm = 101.3 kPa = 760 mm of Hg
micro-
milli- 10-3 Velocity I atm = 14.7 lb/in2
centi- IO一2 I mph = 0.447 mis Rotation
kilo- 103 1 m/s = 2.24 mph = 3.28 ft/s 1 rad= 180°/7T = 57.3°
mega- 106 Mass, and energy I rev= 360°= 27T rad
giga- 109 1 u = 1.661 X 10-27 kg I rev/s = 60 rpm
terra- 1012 I cal= 4.19 J
1 eV = 1.60 X 10-19 」

Mathematical Approximations
Binominal approximation: (1 + x)" = 1 + nx if x << I
Small-angle appro皿imation: sin0 = taN0 = 0 and cos0 = I if 0 << l radian

Greek Letters Used in Physics

aBy8cnOA
Mu µT
Alpha
Pi
Beta r^
p6T

Gamma Rho
、l

Delta - Sigma
Epsilon Tau
中

Eta Phi
U3
。

Theta Psi
C

Lambda Omega