MUTUALLY COUPLED BRANCHES IN Ybus

Assume that branch impedance Za connected between the

nodes m and n is coupled through mutual impedance Z M to
branch impedance Zb connected between nodes p and q as
shown in Fig 1.
The voltage drops Va and Vb due to the branch currents Ia
and Ib are then given by primitive impedance equations,

Va   Za ZM   Ia  (1)
Fig 1
Vb    ZM Zb   Ib 
  
The coefficient matrix is symmetrical. The mutual impedance is
considered positive when currents Ia and Ib enter the terminals
marked with dots, the voltage drops Va and Vb then have
polarities.

Fig 2
Multiplying Eq (1) by the inverse of the primitive impedance matrix,

1
 Za ZM  1  Zb  ZM   Ya YM  (2)
 ZM  
 Zb  ZaZb  Z M2  ZM
 Za  YM Yb 


The admittance form for the branches are given which is also symmetrical

 Ya YM  Va   Ia 
YM Yb  Vb    Ib 
(3a)

    
The admittance matrix Eq (3) is called the primitive admittance matrix of the
two coupled branches corresponds to Fig 2.
The primitive self-admittance Ya equals Zb/(ZaZb – ZM2) and similar expression
form Eqn (2) apply to Yb and the primitive mutual admittance YM.
The voltage-drop equations Va = Vm – Vn and Vb = Vp – Vq in the matrix form:

m n p q  Vm
 Vm
   Vn 
 Va   Vm  Vn  1  1 0 0   Vn 
 Vb   Vp  Vq   0   A  (3b)
     0 1  1  Vp   Vp 
   
V
 q  Vq 
The branch current Ia is related to the injected currents by the two node
equations Im = Ia and In = -Ia
Similarly branch current Ib is related to the currents Ip and Iq by the two
equations Ip = Ib and Iq = -Ib
These four equations arranged in matrix form as:

Im m  1 0
In  n  1 0 Ia  Ia 
    T 
  A   (4)
IP  p  0 1  Ib  Ib 
  q  0  1
Iq   
Substituting Eqn (3b) in Eqn (3a) to find

 Vm
 Ya YM   Vn  Ia  (5)
 YM  A  
 Yb   Vp  Ib 
 
 Vq 
pre-multiplying both sides of the Eqn (5) by the matrix AT, we obtain

 Vm Im
 Vn  In 
T  Ya YM 
    (6)
A  YM A
 Yb   Vp  Ip 
   
V
 q Iq 
When the multiplication indicated in Eqn (6) is performed, the result gives
the nodal admittance equation of the two mutually coupled branches in the
matrix form

m n p q
m  Ya  Ya YM  YM   Vm Im
n   Ya Ya  YM YM   Vn  In 
     
p  YM  YM Yb  Yb   Vp  Ip  (7)
q  YM    
YM  Yb Yb   Vq  Iq 

The nodal admittance of the two coupled branches may be found directly by
inspection method.
m n p q
m   1  1  1  1 
n    1 1  Ya   1 1  YM 
     (8)
p   1  1  1  1 
q   1 1  YM  1 1  Yb 
    
EX 1: Two branches having impedances equal to j0.25 per unit are coupled
through mutual impedance ZM = j0.15 as shown in fig 3. Find the nodal
admittance matrix for the mutually coupled branches and write corresponding
nodal admittance equations.

Fig 3 Fig 4

Sol: The primitive impedance matrix for the mutually coupled branches of Fig 3
is inverted as a single entity to yield the primitive admittance of Fig 4.

1
j0.25 j0.15  j6.25 j3.75 
j0.15 j0.25   j3.75  j6.25
   
Let us consider the nodes m = 3 and n = 1 and the nodes p = 3 and q = 2

3 1 3 2
3   1  1  1  1 
  1 1 (j6.25)  1 1  (j3.75)
1     
3   1  1  1  1 
  1 1  (j3.75)  1 1 (  j6.25)
2      

1 2 3
1  j6.25 j3.75 j6.25 j3.75 
2  j3.75  j6.25  j3.75 j6.25 
 
3  j6.25 j3.75  j3.75 j6.25  j6.25 j6.25 2(j3.75)
The three nodal admittance equations in vector-matrix form are then written as:

 j6.25 j3.75 j2.25  V1  I1 

 j3.75  j6.25 j2.50  V2   I2 
    
 j2.50 j2.50  j5.00   V3  I3 

V1, V2 and V3 are the voltages at nodes 1, 2 and 3 measures with respect to
reference, while I1, I2 and I3 are the external currents injected at the
respective nodes.
Ex2: The single line diagram of a power system is shown in Fig 5 and
reactance diagram with per unit values are given in Fig 6. Form Ybus.

Fig 5
Fig 6
Sol: The reactances of the generator and the motor
and the motor may be combined with their
respective step-up transformer reactances. Then
by transformation of sources the combined
reactances and the generated emfs are replaced by
the equivalent current sources and shunt
admittances. Per-unit admittance diagram is
shown in Fig 7.
By Inspection method:

Fig 7
 j14.5 j8.0 j4.0 j2.5 
 j8.0  j17.0 j4.0 j5.0 
Ybus =  
 j4.0 j4.0  j8.8 0.0 
 
 j2.5 j5.0 0.0  j8.3
EX 3: Replace branches b and c between node-
pairs 1 – 3 and 2 – 3 of Fig 7 by the mutually
coupled branches of Fig 4. Then find Ybus.
Sol: The admittance diagram of the network
including the mutual coupling is shown in Fig 8.
From the problem Ex 1, the mutually coupled
branches have the nodal admittance matrix

1 2 3
1  j6.25 j3.75 j2.25
2  j3.75  j6.25 j2.50
 
3
 j2.50 j2.50  j5.00 
Fig 8
 From the nodal admittance matrix the
elements branch admittances 1-2, 1-3 and 2-3
are updated in Fig 9. Ybus is formed.

 j16.75 j11.75 j2.5 j2.5  Fig 9

 j11.75  j19.25 j2.5 j5.0 
Ybus =  
 j2.5 j2.5  j5.80 0 
 
 j2.5 j5.0 0  j8.3
Ex1: For the system shown below form Y-bus without mutual coupling and with
mutual coupling.