MAKING SENSE OF

IGCSE Biology – 4BI0

2015 Henry Exham

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Copyright © 2015 Henry Exham

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It is designed for educational use. Either personal study or to be
presented to a class. It may be edited or duplicated for these
purposes only.
It must not be shared or distributed online in any format.
Some images used are under a separate creative commons license,
these are clearly marked.

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 2.7 Reproduction in Humans – Sexual and Asexual
Objectives
• Can you describe the differences between sexual and
asexual reproduction?
• Do you understand that fertilisation involves the
fusion of a male and female gamete to produce a
zygote that undergoes cell division and develops into
an embryo?

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 2.7 Reproduction in Humans – Sexual and Asexual
Reproduction

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 2.7 Reproduction in Humans – Sexual and Asexual
Asexual Reproduction

• Cells in one part of the body divide by mitosis

and then break off from the parent to form a
new organism.
• All the offspring are genetically identical.
• These organisms all reproduce asexually.

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 2.7 Reproduction in Humans – Sexual and Asexual
Sexual Reproduction

• Sex cells called gametes are produced.

• There are two types, a male gamete and
a female.
• The male gamete must move to the
female gamete and fuse.
• This is called fertilisation.
• The new cell formed is called a zygote.

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 2.7 Reproduction in Humans – Sexual and Asexual
Sexual Reproduction

• This cell will then divide many times by

mitosis to form the new organism.

Egg

Zygote

Sperm Embryo

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 2.7 Reproduction in Humans – Sexual and Asexual
Sexual Reproduction - Gametes

• The male gamete sperm are produced in the

testes.
• In the female the ova are produced in the
ovaries.
• The cells inside these organs divide by meiosis.
• Meiosis produces cells that are not genetically
identical.

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 2.7 Reproduction in Humans – Sexual and Asexual
Sexual Reproduction - Meiosis

• In meiosis four cells are made from the original

cell.
• These cells are called haploid cells as they each
have half the compliment of chromosomes.
• This process is covered in more detail in section
5.2 along with mitosis.

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 2.7 Reproduction in Humans – Sexual and Asexual
Sexual Reproduction - Sperm

• Sperm cells have a tail for swimming.

• The head contains the genes from the father
in the nucleus.
• The acrosome digests its way into the egg for
fertilisation.

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 2.7 Reproduction in Humans – Sexual and Asexual
Cell Division

• The whole of asexual reproduction happens using mitosis.

• This is when a cell with the full number of chromosomes
(diploid) copies itself to become two identical cells.
• In sexual reproduction, the gametes are made using
meiosis.
• This produces haploid cells with only half the full number of
chromosomes.
• Once they combine to make a zygote they will once again be
up to the full number of chromosomes and the new cell can
continue dividing using mitosis.

Copyright © 2015 Henry Exham

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 2.7 Reproduction in Humans – Sexual and Asexual
Sexual and Asexual
Asexual
Produces genetically identical
organisms
Only needs one parent
Uses mitosis
Very quick but no variation so
susceptible to disease
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Sexual
Produces genetically different
organisms
Needs two parents
Uses meiosis to make gamete
and then mitosis to grow in size
after fertilisation
Slower but produces variation
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 TERMS AND CONDITIONS
Copyright © 2015 Henry Exham

This PowerPoint is protected under copyright.

It is designed for educational use. Either personal study or to be
presented to a class. It may be edited or duplicated for these
purposes only.
It must not be shared or distributed online in any format.
Some images used are under a separate creative commons license,
these are clearly marked.

Brought to you by MrExham.com

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