MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMMS

14 Sprinkler Alarr
Water flow switches are installed to monitor the fow of water in a sprinkler
head and when triggered wil trip 8 coded tsansmitter, seting off a
sprinkler cade to show up on a sprinkler annunciator board (calleda
sprinkler alamm panel).

1.5. ncustrial Building Seeuriy System_

A. DOOR AND EXIT CONTROLS
These cover electriied securiy door harcware that triggers analarn
when a door is opened without authorization, such as, in exterior doors
and doors ta restricted areas.

B. PERSONNEL ENTRY CONTROL

By use of card reader
1. The first levelia by sizmple insrtion of a card by the holder to an electric device which grante ertry when
a card iainserted into it for identification.
2. The second levet requiroa the encoding of a three-digit naumber simukaneoualy wih the inserion of a
card. This bars the entry of unauthorized card hoiders.
3 The third level involvesan attendant who compares card data through a computer screen wiüh the
persor's appearance providing a further check.

ALAR

C. WATCHMEN'S TOUR EQUIPMENT

This type of station allows a guard to cel in through an intercom and pemits a FRERAF
TELEPOAS
genersl alam to ring through operation of a key.

1.6. Tolevision Antenna Systom

The ayetem functone byampliyng the algnal recelved by the TV antennaand by means ofa apeciatcable
distrbutethe9e amplified signaie into the varlous wrall outets. A syotem with two or more outdets generaly needs
a booster amplier.
1.7. Sound Ampiliyng Systema or Pubkec Addresa Systeme

46
MECHANKCAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
Consists of the folkowing:

1. Microphone- to pick up the sound and covert it to an alternative electric current

2 Amplifiers- amplifies and controBs the current
3. Loudspeaker- converts amplified eectric curent back into sound much louder than the original sound
entering the microphone

1.8. Telephone and Intercommunkcation Syetems

The intercom system comprises one or more master stations (acministrative)andsaveralremotestations
(staf), one of which monitors the front door. The master station allows salective caling whis remote
statons operating through the masters are non-selective.
CALL FORVwARpING PERMITS ICAMP-OM WITH ALTOMATO CALLEAK
LSER TO PRaRAM sySTEM DERATS YU TO CAMP-ON A uSY
TO RORwaRp cAL UDMAT-/ HONE AND HANS STEM RIRS
CALY D ANOTHETR PHONE BOTH PnONES WEN THSY AE FPE
OR TO THE ATTENDANT

EXECUTVE PRICRrrY FERMTS

CERTAIN KEY EOPLE To BREAK
DIFFERENT TONE SiGNALG INTO ANY COVERSATON AFTER
IDCATE YAETRSR AN INcOMaNS
BoTH PARTIES A AKTEP B
ALL ORGNATES CUTNPEL OR HARNINS TONE.
ISIDE OREANIZATION
pIRECT oUTWAR0 DIALINNG
CONS LTATON LEIS YOR PAL '9" To BE CON
HaLP E S YW NECTED TO AN aUTEOING TkNK.
PUTA ALER ON
HoLD
CALL FIEuPALLOWSA RNGING
PHONE TD bE ANSWEREP AT ANY
OTHER PAONE
LCATE HELPA U FINDAND TALK
TO TE PEREN VO WANT IF HES
NOT AT HIS STATON

TOUCH BOTTON KEYS0AeD

iNCREASES SPEED ANO ACCuRA
CY F ALL CALLS

HANDS-TiEE PHONE (TOAL

CALLTRANSFER LETS YO
TANGPEz iOMNG AND
CT6CING CALLS TO Y OHE
PAONE WTHOT HELP FeUM
THE ATTENDANT.
LSTSYE REPLY TO NTERCM
CALG.
INSTANTY-EEN FEM ACROSC
THE ROOM
cONFERNCE LET You
TALK T H DP TO 1o
PEOPLE, INSDE ANP aUT
s E CRSANIZATON

The Private Automatic Branch Exchange or PABX is based on solid-state technology, thus the entire system
can handte up to 500 lines and trunks, 4operatorconsoles, and over 140 simutaneoueconversations plus
ful intercom facilities, all occupying a cabinet 0.60 Mx 0.70M x 1.8 M. The operational features of this
systen inckde:
o direct internal and external dialing
consultation hold ( ability to hold an outside call while making an inside call)
conference cell capability for intemal and external units
cal transter and camp-on featur
o utomatic call back
o cal forwarding

47
MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
o distinctwe ringing for ditferent functions
peging. executve priority, dictation access, personnet location and other options
aEr2p FERATS AT TS
TRIN PNH ATTENONT ANT D82EAK INTp A
AVERATWON
(oreRDE CALLS AREA-

ATTENDANT KEYS CONNT

ATTENDANT WITH AL 1K*
AND STAneN LNES
SFUT ENAEs ATTENDdNT SaTEN R TE
TOTALX NATELY WT TRESK TD WtCA ATT6O
EThR G THE TWD FRËWES ANT SNNELTE
INA CALL

STATS CFCALL CON- NERANCE

R
IS D
ATTNG UP HZEE
NECT TO ATEEANT
AY coNFERENGALS}| DigECT ACCESS TO À
vonE PAGINE SIETEA

3 I9S7

DOO

CANCEL AAraLS AN

TRLNR CL TOA STATAN KCeRRECT CPRÁTM

R.
DENTFY uSFLAYS T
ATTENNTTO Sh ER TAPAETY
TRUAY CALuLK ATsPY A EEPAN. LRS

ATTENDAT FCB AALPANG TO

A ELEENTS OF THE TELEPHONE INSTALLATION

1. Servica Entrance-the service connection from a pole or other outside terminat location to a point of
entranca into the buiding. The service entrance may be:
a Overteed with overhead exposed wires.
b. Underground-with concealed underground wires In cancuts The service conduit is uualy of rigid
iran sama for electricat works. Minimum size of service conduitis round. Thera shoukt be a
arance of not less than 8 between telephone service condut and the ekectric conduit.
MECNANICAL AND ELRCIRICAL SYSTEMS

Photector

Protector

oVERNEAD UNDERGROUND
2. Prodector- generaly requirod in resikdential toephore linea to protoct against lightning When a condut
entrenoe d an inierior conduit system are to be installed, it ia desirable to provida a cmbinet to
acammodato the protector usualy a nrotal box of sama type used in olectricel work. Locatad a obsoa
as possible to the point of antrance, one protector is required for each pair of tnlephone wiree ontering
the duiiding
a Main Teminal Cabinet or Room- The sorviced wiws end mt tho main torminal cabinot, Bmall elzod wal
ype tsminals aro mounted to motal cabinots attachad to or ecossad in walis or columns. Laroe siros
of wall type torminals and frumo typo tominats (teminals mountod in frrumos acceusible from boll
sides) shoulkd be located in rooms which are ntonded for the purposo and conetructed of fire reunting
STaderins
4. Vertical Riser Conduits or Risar Shasts
a. Riser Conduits - ar used in medium sired hnsiallations end conaast of a serien of motal cabineta
called splicing cabinets algned vorticaly through the building, one on euch floor and oorwocted by a
vertical conduit.
b. Riser Shafts - ane roqured for very large Installations and consiat of a serios of individul ful engsth
interconnecting closets called spliolng closets which are allgned vortically one on oach fkoor dnd
esch fitted with a fire proof access door. Stots on the floor, fome e clear and broken opening from
top to bottom of the bulding.
Risens whether conduls or shafts, r9quire central locatons in relaton to floor area served. Buidings
with ksrge floor anoas or with floors so plannod so es to result in two or moro distirnct areas wl probably
nasd a soporate riser for øech area
5. Splicing Calbinets or Splicing Closets-pemt the riser cables in tho rlser shaft or conduit to be spiced
or interconnocted to thao cables or tolephone wires to the varous floorss
-connects the splicing closets or cebinebs Into the dhstributon terminel cablnets and to
floor ducts, wal outlets, etc.
MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
RISER
DASTRIBUTON
LUAErA

WALL
RISER
mTOP

SPLICING
FLOOR

MAIN TERMINAL
TELEPHONE CABINET

B. TYPES OF TELEPHONE SYSTEMS

The diferent types of phone systems depend primarily on how heevy your phone trafic ie
Singte-Line Phones. These are basic telephones, just kke the ones in en average home, that can be
bought et an applianca store and have no additional extensions, no transfer capabilities, and are anatog
units that hook up directly into a jack in the wall. Thesa ara bast in home ofices or busmesses that do
not nsed multiple lines. Additional features can be added through your local phoe company, such as
cal waiting and three-way caling. If you prefer not to utilize your phone company's volce mail service,
an answering machine can be purchased to handle missed phane calls.
Smel Business Multipie-Line Phones A small business that has moderate-to-large phane traffic wi
need a phone systerm that can handie all calls efficiently. A multiple-line phone with two or more
extensions (depending on how many people are in the ofice), along with a digital line hookup, can
manage s smell office efñectively. A voice mat system with 2-10 ports can be used to keep the ofice
from missing phone cats.
Larce usiness Multiple-Ling Cals A business that has over 50 employees with a large number of
phone calks needs a large phone system, one that can hold up to hundreds of outside lines, with an
even larger number of extenslons. Through this phone system, one or more Ti ines (see below) are
necessary to effectively handle the load, and the voice mail system will need a targe number of ports

c. TYPES OF PHONE LINES

The three foms of lines used for phone systems are anakog, digital, and T1. Here are brief descriptions of
the three
Analog, A analog line has four grooves on the center of the connector, in which the micddie two
conductos, known as the "tip" and the "ring", connect a phone line, while the outer two Would be for a
second ine. All modema require an analog line. Phone lines that are in an industrial duilding wi
connect to e PBX, a telephone switch within the building, and
are using phones that do not have multiple lines or
analog tines awaya work on a PBX. H you
digital displays, then an analog line wiH work for your
system.
Dioital. A digitel line has 6-8 grooves on its connector, and is used for phones with multiple lines end
phones with digital status indicators. If yaur phone system has either of these, and your business ls not
big enough to merit the use afa T1 line, then a digital line is for you. In an industrial
butlding, howeves,
50
MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
most (not al) PBX's can connect to digital lines, eo confim this with building operations before tryng to
run e digitaB line.
I1 This isa powerfut phone ne thet ects as a tube to funmet informetion at a fast rate. A T1 ine
consists of 24 chanmels, each chennel handling 64,000 bits per second. Each channel can be
configured to your specifications, whether it is for voice mail or data traffic. In business, T1's are populer
as a leased ine, which means that they are a permenent teleptone connection set up between fwo
points (for example, if your business has officees in different buikdings in a business comptex, aT1
connection would be necessary for direct acess). T1 leased lines are always an active ine between the
two places

D. PHONE SYSTEM HARDWARE

The basic hardware needed in a phone system consists of the control unt and the individual phone unts in
some systems, IP Telephony is used.
PBXServer. The PBX server is a private telephone switchboerd that serves a designated group of users
(ike a buiding). The server provides on-premisas diel service and can provide local and sunked
communication network connections.
The Control Unit. A controB unit is the nerve center of a phone system within your.
offce, where all of the individual ines connect and all caks gei routed. While a
residential phone line may be kooked up to an analog 8ervice, a small business
sever is usually handted digitaly, with larger businesses requiring a T1 ine.
Dependingon the size of your compeny and the telephone uSage of your
business, this wili decide whether analog or digtal would the best
The controf unit is where a cenirel voice mail message for thee company is
recorded, al ines for the company can be accessed, calks can be transierred, and
other items such as nighi caling and music services can be handied. A
extensions, which help with transferring and voice mail,are prograrmrmed at the
controf unit. if your phone unit is siarting to become cramped, then you can
purchase expansion cards.which willincreasethe number of lines or extensions available for your
system
Individuai inits For each parson who will have an extension in your office, an idividual phone wll be
needed. An individual unit can have muitiple lines, but depending an the number of empioyees your
company has, each unit may not have all of the lines available to them. Everybody in the company does
not need fo have a phone unit that has all incoming lines available, as thiscould reach up to several
hundred lines in a large compa
PTelephony. This is the ateet technoiogy in phone systems, where your server would run through your
computer nework. One of the options of this is a PBX server ona disk. One of the early problems with
thissystem isthatother syelems on your network (e.g.. a printer) may clog up your system, causing
phone cals to be missed because they cannot get through the system. This is a problem that shoukd be
fixed within the next couple of years.

E. PHONE SYSTEM FEATURES

Any of these features can appesr on individual units, and most of them are standard.
Call Wating OrMultioe Linee. Depending on the system that you use, your phone may elhar have ca
waiting ormutiple Rnes. Ifindividual unite only have one line, then call waiting s nece0eary to keep lines
cdear. Mulipke lines avoid thie problem, as long as calila on each line can be put on hold
Conference Celling Conference caling gives a person the abilty to add e third
perty to a phonecall. This gives the user the ability to hold long-distance
meetings without the need to heve two of the parties in the same placa. When
two people are on the phone and a third is on hold, the third can be entered into
the convereetion through this service. The service can aiso allow the first party to
disconnect and let the second and third parties continue talking.
Celt Atendant A cellattendant handles alil phone cails directybefore
transfering the calls to extensions. Through this, a list of all ermptoyees
s1
MECHANKCAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
extensions can be ghven (ellowing calers to transfer to the right extension), calis can be put onhodf ad
ines are busy, or coukd eend calla to voice mail f the extension trenslerredto does not answer. A ca
attendant is set up to evan play background music whilecallers are on hold.
Hands Free Caling. Hands free, or speaker phones, give a person the opportunity to tak on tte phone
wrhout holding the receiver, not only giving the user the option of moving around the office wtile taking,
but atso atiows for several peopBe to hear a phone cal at once.
aiowing ons-button
Speed Dialing. This feature atows the user to keep mauitiple phrone numbers saved, wthere
dialing.Speed dialing is best for domestic cistance and internaticonal
long umbers, addlitiora
codesmust be diailed, but it aso is great for numbers that ars dialled constartty.
Redial. Lke speed diel, redilal saves time by alowing you to simply press one buton to make a cai to
the last number dialled.
aier Io. Know who is calling before you pick up the phone. Celler ID wil tel you who is caling by
showng what phone mumberor extension the call s coming from, on a digital display usuelly within the
phone unit itsetf. If t is mportant to heve knowiedge of outside phone numbers, rnake thaf an extra thef
must be on the system.
Number Blocks. Number blocks keep employeesfrom tekingachvantage of the phone. A number tlock
wril block out calls tospecific area codes (such as 00 tof calls), and can keep phone cafs #nted to
interoffice f necessary.
Voica Mail. Abng with a comparyvoice mail on the control unit, each indihviduel unit has ison
parsonaBvoice mail. These voicemailboxes can be coded to keep other empioyeesfrom hearing
messages, and both the controi unit and the individual uniis can transfer messages directy into a.
mailbox. Individual voice maiboxes gives employsess the ability to check their individual messages from
Dutside of the office, and also alows the employee to leave a personalized messege for incoming cas.
Another option to voice mail is a call tog, which keeps a numeric log of calis you mi_sed and alows the
user to retum the missed cali with the press of a buttoa.
When selecting a voice mail system for your phone, decide on how many perts you wä need.-The
amber of ports is equal to the number of simultaneous calis that your voice mal can take. Every time
person gets into voice mail, whethar tis an outside calt leaving a message, or an oficeparson checiing
their calls, this takes upa port. if you are the only person in the ofñice, then you probabby only need one
port, two if you handle a large anount of calls. 2-4 people can probably use two. ifyou heve 12-20 nee
oF extensions, then get a phone with 6-8 ports. As extensions are added and there is more phone use in
the oftica, an expansion card carn update the voice mal systen.
Cat Transfer This feature allows calls to be sent directy to specfic extensions. This way, only ane
phone number is needed for the company, and f there is ro single person at the conpary to answer
phones, amyone can answer the ine and transfer the call to the appropriate person. Ralsa ie helpfa
svhen one person needs to speak to several people within your company. On a contol uni, a "night
stch can be used to directly sand calls to voice mai when there is no one in the office
Rernote Door Entry. This alicws the phone user to alow access to the front door from the phone with
the push of a buton. This is best for companies thet do not want open access to their business, or one
arere valuables need to be protected.
SuTeProection, Likea computer, an electrical surge can damage a phone system, causing memory
and irnportant codes to be lost Surge protection prevents this from happening.
Battery Backup. This atows the phone system to operate for a short period of time if power leaves he
bulding. Usualy a backup wil keep phone use for anywnere between 30 minutes to an hour,

F. ACCESSORIES
Optional additional equipment that can be connected to individuaB units.
Heacseis, An option to hands-free caling is headsat equipment, which alows the
user to keep the conversation private without having ta holcd the receiver. Headsets
are a health advantaga as well, as they have alsa been known to decresse neck pain
for users who bend awkwardly to rest the phone receiver on thelr shouicder.
.IntercomSystem. An intercom system can page employees away fhom their oun

52
MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
where empkoyees might not be sitting in an
phone. This is popular for in service-oriented businesses,
office in reach of a telephone.
when the receiving
Massage Keyboard. This is a tool used to send measages from one emplayes to another ueers can saend tet
porty is on another call or in a meeting. Through a code system and a regular keyboerd,
messages instantly and receive replies without