Software Verification

PROGRAM NAME: SAFE

REVISION NO.: 0

EXAMPLE 15
Temperature Loading

PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
In SAFE, two types of temperature loads can be applied to slab elements: an
overall change in temperature or a temperature gradient across the slab thickness.
This example tests each of these temperature loading methods using a 10-inch-
deep x 12-inch-wide concrete slab. The slab is restrained in four different ways,
and different temperature loads are applied and analyzed using SAFE. The results
are compared to hand calculations and summarized in Table 15-1.

Temp, T1 = 100 degrees, F, Temp, T2 = 0 degrees, F, Span = 24 ft

EXAMPLE 15 - 1
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAFE
REVISION NO.: 0

Figure 1 One-Way Slab

GEOMETRY, PROPERTIES AND LOADING

Slab thickness h = 10 in
Slab width b = 12 in
Clear span L = 288 in
Concrete strength f c′ = 4,000 psi
Modulus of elasticity Ec = 3,605 ksi
Poisson’s ratio ν = 0.001
Temp, T1 T1 = 100 degrees, F
Temp, T2 T2 = 0 degrees, F

TECHNICAL FEATURES OF SAFE TESTED

 Temperature and Temperature Gradient Loading

RESULTS COMPARISON
The force, reaction, or displacements are found using the SAFE program for the
cases described previously. The SAFE values were then compared to the
independent hand calculations and summarized in Table 15-1.

EXAMPLE 15 - 2
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PROGRAM NAME: SAFE
REVISION NO.: 0

Table 15-1 Comparison of Results

INDEPENDEN SAFE DIFFEREN

CASE AND FEATURE TESTED T RESULTS RESULTS CE
Case 1, Force, F11 (k/ft) 237.93 237.95 0.01%
Case 2, Reaction, RB (k) 1.033 1.032 0.09%

Case 3, Mid-Span Deflection, (in) 0.570 0.570 0.00%

Case 4, Free-End Displacement, (in) −2.281 −2.281 0.00%

COMPUTER FILES: S15a.FDB, S15b.FDB, S15c.FDB, S15d.FDB

CONCLUSION
The SAFE results show an exact or nearly exact comparison with the
independent hand-calculated results.

COMMENT
In Case 4, a stiffness modifier of 100 for V13 and V23 is used to avoid shear
deformation in plate.

The vertical offset of a slab can have a significant effect on the thermal loading
results. Therefore, it is recommended that users turn off the option to ignore the
vertical offsets when temperature loading is considered in a model (see the Run
menu > Ignore Vertical Offsets in Non P/T Models command).

EXAMPLE 15 - 3
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PROGRAM NAME: SAFE
REVISION NO.: 0

CALCULATIONS:
Design Parameters: T1 = 100, T2 = 0, h= 10, L = 24 ft (288 in), b = 36, ε = 5.5E-06

Case 1:

Slab Force, F11 =

εtAE =
0.0000055(100)(10 ×12)(3605) =
237.93 k/ft

Case 2:
3EI ε 3EI ε
3 (
T 2 − T 1) L=
2
=
Reaction, RB (T 2 − T1) From Roark and Young, p. 107
2hL 2hL
3(3605)(1000)(0.0000055)
= = (100) 1.033 kips
2(10)(288)

Case 3:
−ε −0.0000055
Deflection, Z = (T 2 − T1) L2 = ( −100 ) (288)2 = 0.5702 in Roark…, p. 108
8h 8(10)

Case 4:
−ε −0.0000055
Deflection, Z = (T 2 − T1) L2 = ( −100 ) (288)2 = 2.281 in Roark…, p. 108
2h 2(10)

EXAMPLE 15 - 4