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  • Carbohydrate Structure and Function

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    Lej
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    The document defines carbohydrate terminology including: types of sugars based on carbon number (triose, tetrose); sugar functional groups (aldose, ketose); stereoisomers (D and L sugars); epimers and anomers as types of diastereomers involving chiral carbons; the anomeric carbon and its role in ring formation; alpha and beta anomer conformations; mutarotation; and names of common monosaccharides (D-fructose, D-glucose, D-galactose, D-mannose). It also covers: monosaccharides as single units; common monosaccharide reactions; glycoside formation; common disaccharides; and polysaccharides including cellulose

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    The document defines carbohydrate terminology including: types of sugars based on carbon number (triose, tetrose); sugar functional groups (aldose, ketose); stereoisomers (D and L sugars); epimers and anomers as types of diastereomers involving chiral carbons; the anomeric carbon and its role in ring formation; alpha and beta anomer conformations; mutarotation; and names of common monosaccharides (D-fructose, D-glucose, D-galactose, D-mannose). It also covers: monosaccharides as single units; common monosaccharide reactions; glycoside formation; common disaccharides; and polysaccharides including cellulose

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    11 views5 pages

    Carbohydrate Structure and Function

    Uploaded by

    Lej
    The document defines carbohydrate terminology including: types of sugars based on carbon number (triose, tetrose); sugar functional groups (aldose, ketose); stereoisomers (D and L sugars); epimers and anomers as types of diastereomers involving chiral carbons; the anomeric carbon and its role in ring formation; alpha and beta anomer conformations; mutarotation; and names of common monosaccharides (D-fructose, D-glucose, D-galactose, D-mannose). It also covers: monosaccharides as single units; common monosaccharide reactions; glycoside formation; common disaccharides; and polysaccharides including cellulose

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 5

    What is a 3-carbon sugar called?

    Triose

    What is a 4-carbon sugar called?

    Tetrose

    What is a sugar with an aldehyde group called?

    Aldoses

    What is a sugar with a ketone group called?

    Ketose

    What is the difference between D sugars and L sugars?

    They are enantiomers from each other; in a fishcer projection, more OH on the right is a
    D-sugar, more OH on the left is a L-sugar

    What is an epimer?

    Type of diastereomer where exactly one chiral carbon differs

    What is an anomer?

    Type of epimer that differ at the anomeric carbon

    What is the anomeric Carbon? What does it contain in straight-chain form?

    The chiral center formed from the ring closure; the carbon containing carbonyl in the
    straight-chain form

    What is cyclization?

    The ring formation of carbohydrates from their straight-chain forms

    What is the different between the α-anomer or β-anomer conformation?


    α-anomer:
    The –OH on the anomeric carbon is
    trans to the free –CH2OH group

    β-anomer:
    The –OH on the anomeric carbon is cis
    to the free –CH2OH group
    What occurs during mutarotation?

    One anomeric form shifts to another, with the straight-chain form as the intermediate

    What is the name of the carbohydrate below?

    D-Fructose

    What is the name of the carbohydrate below?

    D-Glucose

    What is the name of the carbohydrate below?


    D-Galactose

    What is the name of the carbohydrate below?

    D-Mannose

    What are monosaccharides?

    Single carbohydrate units

    What are the three main reactions monosaccharides can undergo?

    Oxidation/reduction, esterification, and glycoside formation

    What is glycoside formation?

    The basis for building complex carbohydrates and requires the anomeric carbon to link to
    another sugar

    What are common disaccharides?


    Sucrose (glucose-α-1,2-fuctose), lactose (galactose-β-1,4,glucose), and maltose (glucose-α-1,4-
    glucose)

    What are the three polysaccharides and their function?

    Cellulose – main structural component of plant cell walls; main source of fiber in the human diet
    Starches (amylase and amylopectin) – main energy storage forms for plants
    Glycogen – a major energy storage form for animals

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