Self-Awareness and

Developing

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Interpersonal Skills
Dr Syed Shatir A. Syed-Hassan
CEng MIChemE
What You Learned Last Week?
• Leadership Style – emphasise on leader’s
behaviours
• Two general kind of leader’s behaviours: task
behaviours and relationship behaviours

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• 4 categories of leadership styles
• Situational leadership – apply different leadership
styles depending on the subordinates
development level
• Organisation and individual differences
• Personality and ability
• Big five personality dimensions
 Self-Awareness?
• Understanding yourself in a way that allows
you to understand who you really are and
why you do things in the way that you do.

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• It requires reflection and reflection requires
you to think about yourself with regard to
your actions, feelings, interaction and
thoughts.
• Reflection can be undertaken by yourself or
with other people.
 Why do we want to know
about our self?
• When we know who we are and why we
act the way we do, we can begin to:

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understand our inner selves, improve our
personalities and learn to get along with others.
gain more control and make better decision
be more flexible and confident with our approach
Deal with challenges in more positive way
 Self-awareness lead to
personal development

Leadership and Professional Ethics

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Tools for self-awareness and
personal development

• Johari Window

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• SWOT Analysis
• Personality Profiling Test
 Johari Window
• Developed by American psychologists
Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham in the
1950's.

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• Based on a four-square grid like a window
with four panes
 Johari Window

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WATCH JOHARI WINDOW ON YOUTUBE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7FhcvoVK8s

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Watch Julian Treasure on Youtube:
How to speak so that people want to listen
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIho2S0ZahI

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SWOT Analysis
Strenghts Weaknesses

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Opportunities Threats
WATCH SWOT ANALYSIS ON YOUTUBE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JGiyetz0R8k

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 Personality Profiling Test
• Personality tests are designed to gather
information about temperament, character
traits, decision-making methods, communication

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styles, behaviour and attitude towards life, work,
education, recreation and people.
• The information helps us to understand why we
think, feel and behave the way that we do, and
why people may behave so differently when
faced with the same situation.
From the personality test given, count
how many times you choose A, B, C or D
and find the percentages.

A:_____ times = ____%

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B:_____ times = ____%
C:_____ times = ____%
D:_____ times = ____%
_____
40 times = ____%
100
 Personality Profiling Test
• Personality types were first discovered by a
Greek Physicians, Hippocrates, around 400
BC.

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• Hippocrates suggested that there are four
fundamental personality types:
Sanguine - The Popular Personality
Melancholy - The Perfect Personality
Choleric- The Powerful Personality
Phlegmatic- The Peaceful Personality
Know Your Temperaments

A: Sanguine

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B: Melancholy
C: Choleric
D: Phlegmatic
 The four temperaments
• Most people are a combination but do display a
dominant tendency of one of them.
• Based on the Hippocrates's four temperaments,
Florence Littauer developed a personality

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profiling test called “personality plus test”.
• There are a number of other personality tests
developed (for example by Meyer-Briggs, Hogan,
and Keirsey-Bates).
• In this lecture we will only look at the personality
plus.
 Personality Plus

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Popular Sanguine

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●The extrovert ● The talker ● The optimist
 Popular Sanguine’s Emotions
• Appealing personality
• Talkative, storyteller, cheerful, bubbly
• Good sense of humor

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• Emotional, expressive and demonstrative
• Curious
• Good on stage
• Lives in the present
• Sincere at heart
• Always a child
 Popular Sanguine At Work
• Volunteers for jobs
• Thinks up new activities
• Looks great on the surface

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• Creative and colourful
• Has energy and enthusiasm
• Inspires others to join
• Charms others to work
 Popular Sanguine As a Friend
• Makes friends easily
• Loves people
• Thrives on compliments

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• Seems exciting
• Envied by others
• Doesn’t hold grudges
• Apologizes quickly
• Prevents dull moments
• Likes spontaneous activities
 Perfect Melancholy

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●The introvert ● The thinker ● The pessimist
 Perfect Melancholy’s
Emotions
• Deep and thoughtful
• Analytical
• Serious and purposeful

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• Genius prone
• Talented and creative
• Artistic, musical, philosophical & poetic
• Conscientious
• Sensitive to others
• Self-sacrificing
• Idealistic
 Perfect Melancholy At Work
• Schedule oriented
• Perfectionist, high standards
• Detail conscious
• Persistent and thorough

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• Orderly and organized
• Neat and tidy
• Economical
• Sees the problems
• Finds creative solutions
• Needs to finish what is started
• Likes charts, graphs, figures, lists
 Perfect Melancholy As a
Friend
• Makes friends cautiously
• Content to stay in background
• Avoids causing attention

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• Faithful and devoted
• Will listen to complaints
• Can solve others’ problems
• Deep concern for other people
• Seeks ideal mate
 Powerful Choleric

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●The extrovert ● The doer ● The optimist
 Powerful Choleric’s Emotions
• Born leader
• Dynamic and active
• Compulsive need for change

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• Must correct wrongs
• Strong willed and decisive
• Unemotional
• Not easily discouraged
• Independent and self-sufficient
• Exudes confidence
 Powerful Choleric At Work
• Goal oriented
• Sees the whole picture
• Organize well

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• Seeks practical solutions
• Moves quickly to action
• Delegates work
• Insists on production
• Stimulates activity
• Thrives on opposition
 Powerful Choleric As a Friend

• Has little need for friends

• Will work for group activity
• Will lead and organize

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• Is usually right
• Excels in emergencies
 Peaceful Phlegmatic

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●The introvert ● The watcher ● The pessimist
 Peaceful Phlegmatic’s
Emotions
• Low-key personality
• Easygoing, relaxed, calm and cool
• Patient, Well-balanced

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• Consistent life
• Quiet but witty
• Sympathetic and kind
• Keeps emotions hidden
• Happily reconciled to life
 Peaceful Phlegmatic At Work
• Competent and steady
• Peaceful and agreeable
• Has administrative ability

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• Mediates problems
• Avoids conflicts
• Good under pressure
• Finds the easy way
 Peaceful Phlegmatic As a
Friend
• Easy to get along with
• Pleasant and enjoyable
• Inoffensive

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• Good listener
• Dry sense of humor
• Enjoys watching people
• Has many friends
• Has compassion and concern
In each of us, we have traits that are positives and
traits that produce negative responses in others.

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Quite often the same characteristics can both be a
plus and a minus (according to degree)………..
many positives carried to extremes become
negatives.
Popular Sanguine
Great ability to carry on a colorful
conversation is a plus envied by others;

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but
Carried to extremes ….
constantly talking, monopolizing,
interrupting and straying too far from the
truth.
Perfect Melancholies
Deep analytical thinking is a genius trait,
much respected;

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but
Carried to extremes ….
Becomes brooding and depressed.
Powerful Cholerics
Gift’s for quick, incisive leadership is
desperately needed in every phase of life
today ;

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but
Carried to extremes ….
Becomes bossy, controlling and
manipulative.
Peaceful Phlegmatics
Easygoing nature is an admirable
combination that makes him the favorite
of any group;

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but
Carried to extremes ….
Doesn’t care about doing anything and is
indifferent and indecisive.
DISC BEHAVIOUR ASSESSMENT TOOL
From Wiki:
DISC is a behavior assessment tool based on the
DISC theory of psychologist William Moulton
Marston, which centers on four different
behavioral traits, which today are called:

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dominance (D),
Influence (I),
Steadiness (S),
and compliance (C).
This theory was then developed into a behavioral
assessment tool by industrial psychologist Walter
Vernon Clarke.
Marston, after conducting research on human emotions,
published his findings in his 1928 book called Emotions of
Normal People in which he explained that people illustrate
their emotions using four behavior types: Dominance (D),
Inducement (I), Submission (S), and Compliance (C).

He argued that these behavioral types came from

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people’s sense of self and their interaction with the
environment. He included two dimensions that
influenced people’s emotional behavior. (i) whether a
person views his environment as favorable or
unfavorable. (ii) whether a person perceives himself
as having control or lack of control over his
environment.
Watch DISC Personality Training with
Donna Rueppell on Youtube

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8B9pFrEKYfo

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Watch on Youtube:
Your personality and your brain | Scott
Schwefel | TEDxBrookings

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8pq_tCgDkT4

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 We should pay special attention
to those extremes of behavior
that are offensive to others,

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and
finally pledge ourselves that we will dedicate
ourselves to overcoming these problem areas.
 In whatever way you come out on the Personality
Profile,
remember it is not the label
but

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the understanding of your own personality strengths
and weaknesses
that is important.
As we understand ourselves and become true to our
own natures,
We automatically develop
a new acceptance

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for those people who don’t see things
our way
and who wish to live in a style contrary to our
perceptions.
 Personal Development
• It is about developing and improving
aspects of an individual (e.g. education,
motivation, feelings, health, skills, abilities

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and etc.)
• Requires individual to set goals and
benchmarks.
• It is an on-going process of change.
Personal Development
Currently, I In two years
am ……. I want …..

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In ten years In five years
I want ……. I want …..