Cebu Technological University – Main Campus

Course Code and Title : GEC TCWA – THE ASIC ACCOUNTING

Course Instructor : Mr. Alvin C. Estreba, CPA, RCA, MM
Lesson 1 : Introduction to the Study of Globalization

Learning Objectives:
1. Differentiate the competing conceptions of globalization.
2. Identify the underlying philosophies of the varying definitions of globalization.
3. Agree on a working definition of globalization for the course.

Learning Outline:

Globalization defined
1. Refers to a set of social processes that appear to transform the present social
condition of conventional nationality into one of globality.

2. The intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in

such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles
away and vice versa.

3. A process (or set of processes) which embodies a transformation in the spatial

organization of social relations and transactions – assessed in terms of their
extensity, intensity, velocity and impact – generating transcontinental or
interregional flows and networks of activity, interaction and the exercise of
power.

4. A concept which refers to the compression of the world and the intensification of
consciousness of the world as a whole.

5. A transplanetary process or set of process involving increasing liquidity and the

growing multi-directional flows of people, objects, places and information as well
as the structure they encounter and create.

B. Characteristics of globalization:
1. It involves both the creation of new social networks and the multiplication of existing
connections that cut across traditional political, economic, cultural, and geographical
boundaries.
2. The expansion and the strengthening of social relations, activities, and connections
3. The intensification and acceleration of social exchanges and activities
4. The compression of the world into a single place has increasingly made global the
frame of reference for human thought and action.
C. Metaphor of Globalization
1. solidity
-> describes a world in which barriers exist and are created to prevent the free
movement of all sorts of things

2. fluidity
-> is characterized by the flow and movement of people, things, places, and
objects across geographic boundaries and territories.

According to Zygmunt Bauman, liquid phenomena:

 have NO shape.
 are SPATIAL and TEMPORAL.
 tend to melt whatever stands in its path

D. Underlying Philosophies of Globalization

1. Imperialism
 a concept that describes various methods employed by one country to
gain control (sometimes through territorial conquest) of another country
(or geographic area) and then to exercise control, especially political,
economic, and territorial, over that country (or geographic area).
2. Colonialism
 the creation by the colonial power in the country (or geographic area) that
has been colonized of an administrative apparatus to run its internal
affairs.
3. Development
 a ―project‖ that is primarily concerned with the economic development
of specific nation - states not regarded as sufficiently developed.
4. Americanization
 ―the import by non - Americans of products, images,
technologies, practices and behaviour that are closely associated
with America/Americans.‖ (Richard Kuisel,1993)
5. Neo – Liberalism
 a combination of classical liberalism‘ s commitment to individual liberty
with neo classical economics devoted to the free market and opposed to
state intervention in that market.
 (article: liberalism vs. Neo-liberalism)
 (Dismantling Trade Barriers)
6. Neo - Marxian Theories
 The new imperialism

References:
Chapter 1: Globalization: Conceptualization, Origins, and History
Ritzer, George. (2011). GLOBALIZATION: THE ESSENTIALS. UK: John Wiley
& Sons Ltd Harvey, David. (2003). The New Imperialism. New York: Oxford
University Press.

Quote: “In this complex modern world, it is impossible to be simple.”

― Debasish Mridha