Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ì These
no>ons
will
be
developed
next
year
in
Space
Systems
stream.
ì This
lecture
is
not
exhaus>ve
but
provides
an
overview
of
the
topic.
3
Lecture
organization
Hours
SLOTS
Days
Total
Room
Groups
Teacjers
Title
Beg.
End
C1-‐C2
16/10/18
09h15
11h30
2
Amphi
4
all
S.
LIZY-‐DESTREZ
Introduc4on
+
Space
environment
Amphi
4
G1
S.
LIZY-‐DESTREZ
11
122
G2
A.
VALVERDE-‐SACRISTAN
BE1
24/10/18
09h15
11h30
2
11
124
G3
P.
PANICUCCI
Space
mechanics
11
130
G4
E.
BLAZQUEZ
11
132
G5
A.
BRUGNOLI
C3
26/10/18
11h45
12h45
1
Amphi
4
A.
VALVERDE-‐SACRISTAN
Architecture
satellite
C4
05/10/18
08h00
09h15
1
Amphi
4
A.
VALVERDE-‐SACRISTAN
Architecture
satellite
C5
06/11/2018
09h30
10h30
1
Amphi
4
S.
LIZY-‐DESTREZ
Access
to
space
C6-‐C7
14/11/18
08h00
10h15
2
Amphi
4
Daniel
ALOTTA
Telecoms
C8
21/11/2018
11h45
12h45
1
Amphi
4
Daniel
ALOTTA
Telecoms
C9-‐C10
29/11/18
08h00
10h15
2
Amphi
4
all
Daniel
ALOTTA
Telecoms
C11-‐C12
04/12/18
14h45
17h00
2
Amphi
3
Daniel
ALOTTA
Telecoms
C13-‐C14
13/12/18
09h15
11h30
2
Amphi
4
LEONARD
MaJhieu
Earth
observa4on
C15
13/12/18
11h45
12h45
1
Amphi
4
LEONARD
MaJhieu
Earth
observa4on
C16-‐C17
18/12/18
08h00
10h15
2
Amphi
4
LAPEYRE
Rémi
Constella4on
C18
18/12/18
10h30
11h30
1
Amphi
4
LEONARD
MaJhieu
Earth
observa4on
11
116
G3
LEONARD
MaJhieu/
Dupuis
Aurélien
08/01/19
09h15
12h45
11
126
G4
CHAIX
Jérémy
BE2
3
11
116
G1
LEONARD
MaJhieu
BE
18/01/19
09h15
12h45
11
005
G2
Dupuis
Aurélien
22/01/19
09h15
12h45
11
005
G5
CHAIX
Jérémy
WriGen
exam
29/01/1019
09h15
11h15
2
R
10
EXAMEN
S.
LIZY-‐DESTREZ
Exam
4
ì Disturbances
Perigee Apogee
Orbit
6
r = OG ΣFext = m
r
• Main
assump2on
:
the
only
external
force
is
gravita>on
a^rac>on
of
the
Earth.
We
assume
the
G
Earth
to
be
spherical
and
homogeneous.
r
y
θ
µ
O
x
F = −m 3 r
r
13
ì The
mo>on
of
the
center
of
gravity
is
in
a
plane.
! dH $ d
# & =>
" dt %ℜ dt
(
r ∧r = r ∧r + r ∧r = 0 ) ( ) ( )
ì H
is
constant
:
C
=>
H = Ck
ì
The
mo>on
is
a
conic
(ellispe,
parabola,
hyperbola).
ì The
Earth
is
at
a
focus
2
C
1
r= ×
µ 1+ ecos (θ − θ 0 )
14
2
Kepler
Law
nd
ì The
line
joining
the
satellite
to
the
Center
of
the
Earth
sweeps
out
equal
areas
in
equal
4mes
dA 1 2 1
= rθ= C Constant
dt 2 2
Areal
velocity
15
ì Disturbances
ì Geosta>onnary
a.e
2b
Apogee
Perigee
ra rp
b = a 1− e 2
18
Orbital parameters
19
The
inclination
ì I
:
inclina>on
ì It
is
the
angle
between
the
orbital
plane
and
the
Equatorial
plane.
The
satellite
orbits
in
the
opposite
direc4on
to
the
Earth
rota4on.
Retrograde
orbit
21
RAAN
ì Ω
=
RAAN
:
Right
Ascension
of
the
Ascending
Node
•
Ascending
node:
From
South
to
North
• Descending
node:
From
North
to
South
• Line
of
nodes:
Intersec>on
of
the
orbit
plane
with
the
equatorial
plane
22
ì The
line
of
apsides
=
line
joining
the
perigee
and
the
apogee
Perigee
ω
Ascending
Node
23
M = E − esin E
Satellite
M = M 0 + n (t − t0 ) E
ν
Earth
µ
n= Apogee
ω
a3 Perigee
AN
24
ex = ecos (ω + Ω)
ey = esin (ω + Ω)
25
ì Geosta>onnary
The
Earth
is
neither
a
point
nor
an
homogeneous
sphere
but
a
complex
volume
:
Earth
rota>on
generates
its
flatness
There
are
70
km
difference
between
diameters
Masses
are
unequally
distributed
30
Earth
geoide
with
req : Earth radius at Equator
C n,m andSn,m : harmonic coefficient of degree n and m of the Earth potential
Pn : Legendre polynome of degree n
Pn,m : associated Legendre function
ϕ, λ, r : latitude, longitude, radius
32
Equipotential
(1/2)
34
Equipotential
(2/2)
35
Atmospheric
drag
In
LEO
with
h<
1000
km
Solar pressure
Consequences
:
Albedo:
• Eccentricity
modifica>on
• 25%
redirected
by
the
Earth
P0 = 4.63×10 −6 Nm 2
Osculating
parameters
ì Perturba>ons
(
γ
per
)
=>
the
orbit
is
no
more
an
ellipse
Gauss
equations
Gauss
equa>ons
expressed
in
( t , n, ω ) with
Satellite
velocity
Lagrange Equations
Lagrange
:
with
42
ì Disturbances
ì Geosta>onnary
ì Apogee/Perigee
ì Correc>ons
V1
45
ΔV
V1
46
ΔV
V2
V1
47
ΔV
V2
V1
48
Orbital
maneuvers
A
maneuver
:
use
of
the
propulsion
sub-‐system
to
modify
the
satellite
trajectory
Impulsive
maneuvers
ì Thrusts
=>
perturba>ons
on
the
orbit
parameters
that
can
be
modeled
by
Gauss
equa>ons.
Numerical
integra>on
is
required.
Hohmann
transfer
GOAL:
ì To
go
to
a
circular
orbit
(O1)
to
another
circular
coplanar
orbit
(O2)
Inclination
modification
ì How
to
change
the
inclina>on
of
a
satellite
orbit?
V1
ΔV
Equator
V2
ì Disturbances
ì Geosta>onnary
Heliosynchronism
Sun-‐synchronous
orbit
The
angle
between
the
orbit
plane
and
the
Sun
direc>on
is
constant.
Reference
orbit
for
Earth
observa>on
satellites:
-‐ Weather
forecast
-‐ Remote
sensing
-‐ …
Metop
-‐
A
55
Heliosynchronism
conditions
ì Earth
mo>on
around
the
Sun:
360°
T≈ ≈ 0, 09856° / day
365, 24
ì Orbit
precession:
Earth oblateness
Lagrange
equa>ons:
56
Inclina>on
Sun-‐synchronous
orbit
Number
orbits/day
57
Ground
track
Ground
track
=
path
on
the
Earth
surface
ì Disturbances
Geosta>onnary
orbit
Perigee Apogee
Descending
Ascending
Node
node
Transfert
orbit
62
ì Disturbances
ì Geosta>onnary
63
Trajectography
ì Trajectory
computa>on
requires:
ì Extrapola2on
:
to
predict
the
trajectory
thanks
to
mathema>cal
models
Extrapolation
Measurements
ì Main
goal
is
to
get
informa>on
on
the
real
trajectory
ì Measurement
from
ground
sta>ons
or
satellites
whose
posi>on
and
velocity
are
well
known.
Adjustement
ì Par2al
deriva2ves:
ì Impact
of
the
errors
on
ini>al
condi>ons
on
the
measurement
ì Impact
of
the
errors
on
models
on
the
measurement