480 8.

General Theorems of Limit Analysis and Their Applications

TABLE 8.3. Stress and velocity field parameters a

Upper bound Lower bound

Parameter Plane stress Plane strain Parameter Plane stress Plane strain

1/11 0.750 0.802 PI/Cx 0.976 1.00

1/12 1.209 1.802 P2/ C x 0.685 0.759
1/13 1.466 1.701 ul/C, 0.876 1.092
1/14 1.629 1.505 u 2/Cx 0.670 0.917
eP2
eP3
1.032
1.697
1.385
1.679
°I2
O
0.369
0.707
0.300
0.729
eP4 2.233 2.089
°I
O2
0.000
0.034
0.182
0.369
03 0.179 0.419
04 0.313 0.353
a 1.060 1.019
f3 1.045 1.142
oy 1.127 1.302

a All angles are listed in radians.

the plane stress case are less than a-:

s , the laterally confined plane stress
(i.e., 3.6Cx ). This implies that ice may fail against very wide structures at
less than the type A plane strain strength.
The upper and lower bounds for indentation pressure are listed in Table
8.2 and are also compared with Michel and Toussaint's (1976) constant
effective strain rate indentation data in Fig. 8.44. The average value for the
pressure is 4.12Cx for the plane strain eas e with a maximum possible error
of ±8%. For the plane stress case, the average value is 3.13 with a possible
error of ±5%. The plane stress bounds agree very weIl with the test data
at the higher aspect ratios. At low aspect ratio, the plane strain bounds are
onlyabout 30% higher than the plane stress bounds and show good
agreement with most of the data obtained with the smaller indenterso This
suggests that the data from tests 13 to 17 may be representative of the proper
material response, and not a consequence of the ice crystal size. Although
the size of these indenters was comparable to the crystal diameter, the size
of the plastic deforming region may have been sufficiently large to obscure
individual crystal effects.

8.6.2. Indentation of a Semi-Infinite Medium by a Square or

Rectangular Punch
Three-dimensional problems of rigid-punch indentation are considered in
this section. The material is assumed to obey Tresca's yield criterion of
constant maximum shearing stress during plastic deformation.