316 6.

Implementation in Metals

where a is a small sealar to be determined, such that the yield eondition is

satisfied at the subsequent position,

f({u}+ {8u}, Ep) = f( {u}+ a {a:~}}' Ep) = ° (6.84)

Equation (6.84) is a nonlinear equation for the sealar a. Here, as for the
sealing faetor r, a ean be solved from Eq. (6.84) analytieally or numerieally.
If a Taylor series expansion is used for Eq. (6.84), and all higher-order
terms are negleeted, we can obtain the sealar a as
-f({u}, Ep)
a={ a{u}
af}T{ af}
a{u}
(6.85)

and the eorreetion veetor has the form

-f({u}, Ep) {af }
(6.86)
{8U}={~}T{~} a{u}
a{u} a{u}
Finally, the eorreeted stress veetor is obtained as

{u} ~ {u}+ a {a:~}}

6.5.5. General Procedure for Stress Computation
In short, a typieal procedure for stress eomputation will be summarized

°
here. In this procedure, the symbol IPEL is used to indicate the state at a
Gaussian point under consideration. IPEL = indieates the Gaussian point
is in an elastic state, and IPEL = 1 indicates it is in an elastie-plastic state.
Step 1: Compute the strain increment {L~E} and the trial stress increment
{Au e } assuming an elastie behavior.
{AE} = m+l{E}(i) - m{E}

{Au e } = [CHA€}
Step 2: Determine the loading state
If IPEL= 1, the Gaussian point is in an elastie-plastie state previously.
Compute the loading eriterion function L, Eq. (6.73).
If L> 0, r ~ 0, plastie loading.
If L:s;O, r~ 1, IPEL~O, unloading or neutralloading.
If IPEL = 0, the Gaussian point is in an elastie state previously.
Compute the yield funetion f:
f~f(m{u}+{Aue}, Ep)
If f:S; 0, r ~ 1, remains in the elastie state. Go to Step 5.