6.5.

Numerical Implementation of the Elastic-Plastic Constitutive Relations 309

6.5.1. General Description

In matrix form, the stress increment, {da}, can be expressed in terms of
the elastic strain increment, {dEe}, or the total strain increment, {dE}, as
{da} = [CHdEe} = [C]( {dE} - {dE P}) (6.52a)
{da} = [Cep]{de} (6.52b)

The plastic strain increment, {dE P }, is expressed, using a nonassociated ftow

rule, as

(6.53)

where {ag/ a{ aH is the gradient vector of the plastic potential funetion,

g(aij, k). The scalar function dA, Eq. (5.133), is expressed as

L
dA=- (6.54)
h

where L is the loading criterion function defined in Eq. (5.152),

ai
L= { a{a}
}T [C]{de} (6.55)

where {a!/a{aH is the gradient of the yield funetion, !(a jj , k). Here, the
yield function is not express ed explicitly as a function of E~. The positive
scalar function h defined in Eq. (5.132) becomes

h={~}T[C]{~}
a{a} a{a}
-n ai
ak
(6.56)

and

n _ dk
- dE
C~{~}T{~}
a{a} a{a}
(6.57)

Finally, the elastic-plastic stiffness matrix [Cep], Eqs. (5.145) and (5.146),
is expressed as

[cep]=[c]_.!..[C]{~}{
h
ai }T[C]
a{a} a{a}
(6.58)

It is c1ear that the matrix [C ep ] is not symmetric when a nonassociated ftow

rule is used.
The computation of stress will be done for all Gaussian sampling points.
In the following, the computation for onlyone Gaussian point will be
considered. In a typical load step, say the (m + 1)th step, we have already
known the stress and strain, m{ al, m{ e}, and the hardening parameters, say,