1.4.

Modeling of Uniaxial Behavior in Plasticity 23

EXAMPLE 1.3. Consider a nonlinear kinematic hardening material with a

simple tension u-e curve obtained from a simple test in the form

for u 2:: uo
(1.31)
for u<uo

where m = 500 MPa, n = 0.3, E = 70,000 MPa, and Uo = 200 MPa. Equation
(1.31) represents the elastoplastic behavior of the material under the simple
tension stress path. This relationship cannot be us ed directly for a general
loading path other than the simple tension stress path. To generalize it, we
shall follow the discussion in Section 1.4.3 and introduce a non-negative
hardening parameter K to represent the plastic deformation of the material
under a generalloading condition. The relationship between the hardening
parameter K and the plastie modulus Ep, Eq. (1.10), is assumed to be of
the same form as Eq. (1.31). This strategy extends and generalizes the
elastoplastic behavior of a material observed in a simple loading test to the
general loading case. This is a basie strategy used frequently in the theory
of plasticity.
A material element is first loaded to point A in tension at which u A =
350 MPa, and is then unloaded and continuously loaded in compression.
State B is the yield point in eompression du ring reversed loading (Fig. 1.10).
(a) Find the expressions deseribing the u_eP curve du ring plastically com-
pressive loading starting from state B for hardening parameter K defined
as: eas e (i), K = J(de P de P)1/2; eas e (ii), K = eP. Sketch the u_eP curve.
(b) For K defined as eas e (iii), K = Wp = Ju de P, sketch the u-eP curve using
a simple incremental procedure.
SOLUTION. (a) In the initial plastic tension range, de P > 0, so we have

K = fo"P (de Pde P)1/2= fo"P dE P = EP

which take s the same form as ease (ii). From the given u-e relation (1.31)
for simple tension, the plastie modulus Ep ean be expressed in terms of K as
du
E = - = mn(eP)n-l = mnK n- 1 (1.32)
P de P .

In the compressive loading range starting from point B, the hardening

parameter K for case (i) is the total accumulated plastie strain up to the
current state eP:
(1.33a)

and for case (ii), it is eP itself:

(1.33b)