2.1.

Stress 59

It can be shown that the necessary and sufficient condition for a state of
stress (Jij to be a pure shear state is that (Jii = 0, or its first invariant Il = 0
(see Problem 2.11). Therefore, the stress deviator tensor sij is a state of pure
shear.

2.1.6. Octahedral Stresses

An octahedral (stress) plane is a plane whose normal makes equal ang!es
with each of the principa! axes of stress. Thus, the planes with norma!
n = (nl, n 2 , n3) = 11/v'31(1, 1,1) in the principal coordinate system are called
octahedral planes. Note that we can have eight octahedra! planes, as shown
in Fig. 2.6, with OA = OB = OC = OA' = OB' = OC'. Referring to the prin-
cipa! stress axes, 1, 2, and 3, the stress tensor (Jij is written as
o
(J2 (2.66)
o
The normal component of a stress vector at point 0 associated with any
direction, n, can be obtained by Cauchy's formula in Eq. (2.22),

or
(Jn = 17\ nl n\ + (T2n2n2 + (J3n3n3 (2.67)
Therefore, the norma! stress on a face of the octahedron will be
(Joet = (J\ ni + (T2n~ + (J3n~ = H(Jl + (J2 + (J3) = !I\ (2.68)
Note that the magnitude of (Joet on all the eight faces is the same and that
the quantity (Joet is the mean norma! stress (or hydrostatic stress).

B
'~~----2

A'

FIGURE 2.6. Octahedral planes in principal coordinate system.