2019 IFAC Workshop on

2019 IFAC Workshop on

Control
2019 of Smart
IFAC and RenewableAvailable
Gridon
Workshop
online at www.sciencedirect.com
Energy Systems
Control of Smart Grid and Renewable Energy Systems
Jeju, Korea,
Control June
of Smart 10-12, 2019
Jeju, Korea, JuneGrid and
10-12, Renewable Energy Systems
2019
Jeju, Korea, June 10-12, 2019 ScienceDirect
IFAC PapersOnLine 52-4 (2019) 482–487

A
A Study
Study on
on the
the Application
Application of
of MVDC
MVDC Technology
Technology toto Expand
Expand the
the Hosting
Hosting
A StudyCapacity
Capacity of Renewable Generation in Distribution SystemHosting
on the Application
of of
Renewable MVDC Technology
Generation in to Expand
Distribution the
System
Capacity of Renewable Generation in Distribution System
Hansang
Hansang Lee*,
Lee*, Gilsoo
Gilsoo Jang**
Jang**
 Gilsoo Jang**

Hansang Lee*,

** Department
Department of
of Electrical
Electrical Engineering, Semyung University,
Engineering, Semyung University, Jecheon,
Jecheon, Korea
Korea
(Tel:
* Department
(Tel: +82-43-649-1307;
of Electrical e-mail:
Engineering,
+82-43-649-1307; hslee@semyung.ac.kr)
Semyung
e-mail: University, Jecheon, Korea
hslee@semyung.ac.kr)
** School
** School of+82-43-649-1307;
(Tel:of Electrical Engineering,
Electrical Engineering, Korea
e-mail: University, Seoul,
Seoul, Korea
hslee@semyung.ac.kr)
Korea University, Korea
(e-mail:
** School of Electrical gjang@korea.ac.kr)
Engineering,
(e-mail: Korea University, Seoul, Korea
gjang@korea.ac.kr)
(e-mail: gjang@korea.ac.kr)
The changes
Abstract: The
Abstract: changes in in the
the distribution
distribution system
system that
that will
will be
be brought
brought about
about by
by the
the expansion
expansion of
of
renewable
Abstract: energy
renewable The
energy sources
changes are
sourcesin are expected
the expected to
distribution be
to be unacceptable
system only
that willonly
unacceptable by the
be brought existing distribution
about bydistribution
by the existing system
the expansion of
system
topology.
renewable Therefore, in order
energy sources
topology. Therefore, in order to expected
areto realize the
realize thetoquantitative
quantitative expansion
be unacceptable based
onlybased
expansion on existing
by the
on the qualitative
the qualitative improvement
distribution system
improvement
of
of technology,
topology. this
this paper
Therefore,
technology, proposes
in order
paper combination
to realize
proposes of
of the
the planned
the quantitative
combination expansion
planned solution to
to convert
based on
solution AC
AC D/L
the qualitative
convert D/L to
to DC
DC D/L
improvement
D/L
and
of the operational
technology, this solution
paper to convert
proposes NOP to
combination
and the operational solution to convert NOP to SOP. SOP.
of the planned solution to convert AC D/L to DC D/L
and the operational solution to convert NOP to SOP.
© 2019, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords:
Keywords: Photovoltaic
Photovoltaic generation,
generation, Hosting
Hosting Capacity,
Capacity, MVDC,
MVDC, Distribution
Distribution System,
System, Soft-Opening
Soft-Opening Point
Point
Keywords: Photovoltaic generation, Hosting Capacity, MVDC, Distribution System, Soft-Opening Point


 times
times of
of the
the capacity
capacity as as large
large as as the
the ACAC D/LD/L of of the
the existing
existing
1.
1. INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION three
times
three conductors.
of the
conductors.capacity As
As a
as
a operational
large as
operational the solution,
AC D/L
solution, conversion
of the existing
conversion the
the
1. INTRODUCTION existing NOP(Normal Open Point) between AC D/Ls to
Based on the Korean energy policy, ‘Energy
Based on the Korean energy policy, ‘Energy 3020’, the SOP(Soft 3020’, the three
existing NOP(Normal Open Point) between AC D/Ls to the
conductors. As a operational solution, conversion the
change of to existing Opening
Opening Point)
SOP(SoftNOP(Normal connection
Open Point) between is
is ACproposed
D/Ls toalso.the
Based
change on of energy
the Korean
energy mix
mix to to renewable
energy policy,energy
renewable ‘Energy
energy is expected
3020’, the
is expected to Converter-based SOPs
Point)
can
connection
provide
proposed
operational
also.
flexibility
bring
change about
of technological
energy mix to changes
renewable over
energy power is generation,
expected to SOP(Soft
Converter-basedOpening
bring about technological changes over power generation, through active powerflow control based on different load SOPs Point)
can connection
provide is proposed
operational also.
flexibility
transmission,
bring and
and distribution
about technological
transmission, changes fields.
distribution over power
fields. In particular,
In generation, Converter-based
through active powerflow
particular, patterns SOPs cancontrol providebased operational flexibility
on different load
photovoltaic
transmission, power
and generation,
distribution which
fields. Inhas smaller
particular, through
patterns between
active
between D/Ls.
powerflow
D/Ls. control based on different load
photovoltaic power generation, which has smaller
geographical
photovoltaic constraints
power and smaller
generation, unit
which
geographical constraints and smaller unit capacity than wind capacityhas than wind
smaller patterns between D/Ls.
power 2.
2. DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
power generation,
geographical constraints
generation, will
willandbe directly
besmaller
directly unit connected
capacity than
connected to
to windthe
the CONFIGURATION
distribution
power system
generation,
distribution system with with small
will small and
be directly medium-sized
connected topower
and medium-sized power 2. DISTRIBUTION
the Based on the Korean energy SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
generation Based on the Korean energy policy, policy, ‘Energy
‘Energy 3020’,
3020’, the the
generation capacity,
distribution system with
capacity, and this
this will
and small and result
will in
in demand
medium-sized
result demand power for
for change
Based of
on energy
the mix
Korean to renewable
energy policy, energy
‘Energy is expected
3020’, the to
significant
generation expansion of
capacity, ofand the distribution system capacity. change of energy mix to renewable energy is expected to
significant expansion the this will result
distribution system in capacity.
demand for bring about technological changes over power generation,
change of energy mix to renewable energy is expected to
significant expansion of the distribution system capacity. bring about technological changes over power generation,
As for the demand for capacity increase, it has been expanded transmission,
bring about and distribution
technological changes fields.
over In
power particular,
generation,
As for the demand for capacity increase, it has been expanded transmission, and distribution fields. In particular,
photovoltaic
photovoltaic power generation, which
which Inhas smaller
quantitatively
As for the demand
quantitatively with the
withfor qualitative
thecapacity
qualitative improvement
increase, it has been
improvement of facilities transmission,
facilities
of expanded and distribution
power generation, fields. has particular,
smaller
such as GW-class
quantitatively with nuclear
the or
qualitative coal thermal
improvement power of plants
facilitiesor geographical
photovoltaic
geographical constraints
power
constraints and
and smaller
generation,
smaller unit
which
unit capacity
capacityhas than
than wind
smaller
wind
such as GW-class nuclear or coal thermal power plants or
765kV
such as transmission
GW-class lines,
nuclear or etc.
coal in the
thermal field
power of power
plants or power
power generation,
geographical constraints
generation, will
will andbe
be directly
smaller
directlyunit connected
capacity
connected thanto
to the
wind
the
765kV transmission lines, etc. in the field of power
generation
765kV and
transmission transmission. However,
lines, etc.However, in the field the distribution distribution
power system
generation, with
will small
be
of power distribution system with small and medium-sized power and
directly medium-sized
connected topower
the
generation and transmission. the distribution
system
generationhas responded only
and transmission. quantitatively
However,withoutwithout qualitative
the distribution generation
distribution capacity,
system and
with this
small will
and result in
medium-sized demand for
power
system has responded only quantitatively qualitative generation capacity, and this will result in demand for
significant expansion of the distribution system capacity.
improvement.
system The
has responded
improvement. present
The present 10MVA,
only 10MVA,
quantitatively22.9kV
22.9kV radial
without structure, significant expansion of the distribution system capacity. for
structure,
radialqualitative generation capacity, and this will result in demand
which is
improvement. proved
which is proved economical
Theeconomical
present 10MVA, to construct
22.9kV
to construct and convenient
andradial structure,
convenient to significant expansion of the distribution system capacity.
to The
operate,
which is is still
proved being employed.
economical to And
constructany efforts
and to increase
convenient to The current
current distribution
distribution line
line capacity
capacity is is 10MVA
10MVA as as shown
shown in in
operate, is still being employed. And any efforts to increase Fig. The 1. This
current means
distribution that
linethe capacity
capacity is of
10MVA the photovoltaic
as shown in
distribution
operate, is voltage
still being or current
employed. limit
And and
any to change
efforts to to
increasethe Fig. 1. This means that the capacity of the photovoltaic
distribution voltage or current limit and to change to the source
meshed source1. that
Fig. This can
that means
can be
be connected to
to one
that the capacity
connected one of distribution line
line is
the photovoltaic
distribution is
meshed structure
distribution voltage
structure have
haveor not been
current
not beenlimitperformed.
and to Although
performed. change tothere
Although the limited
there source to
that10 MVA.
can be Therefore,
connected technological
to one improvement
distribution line of
is
are limited to 10 MVA. Therefore, technological improvement of
are expected
meshed structure
expected explosive
have not
explosive capacity
capacity increase
increase of
been performed. of solar
solar power
Although there the structural changes of the present power distribution
power limited to 10 MVA. Therefore, technological improvement of
source,
are the
expected distribution system
explosive system based
capacitybased increaseon the conventional
of conventional the structural changes of the present
solar power system is needed as the capacity of solar power generation is power distribution
source, the distribution on the the structural changes of the of present power generation
distribution
ways system is needed as the capacity solar power is
ways will
source,willthebe faced
faced toto limit
bedistribution system
limit to
to expand
based its
expand on capacity
its capacity of
of power
the conventional
power required
system is to
neededbe expanded
as the dramatically.
capacity of solar As
power a solution
generation to
is
distribution
ways facilities.
will befacilities. required to be expanded
faced to limit to expand its capacity of power increase the hosting capacity for increased PV generation, it dramatically. As a solution to
distribution required to be expanded dramatically. As a solution to
distribution facilities. increase the hosting capacity for increased PV generation, it
can
can be
be suggested to
to convert
capacityNOP to
to SOP
SOP as shown in
in Fig. 22
This
This paper
paper proposes
proposes aa combination
combination of of aa planned
planned solution
solution and and increase the hosting
suggested convert for increased
NOP asPV generation,
shown Fig. it
an
Thisoperational
paper solution
proposes a as a solution
combination of to
a the demand
planned for
solution such
and and
can
and convert
be suggested
convert AC
AC D/L
to
D/L to
convert
to DC
NOP
DC D/L
to
D/L SOPas
as shown
as shown
shown in
in inFig.
Fig.
Fig. 3.
3. 2
an operational solution as a solution to the demand for such
capacity
an operationalexpansion.
solution As
as a a planned
solution to solution,
the demand the
for DC
such Transition
and convert
Transition to
to SOP
AC
SOP D/Lallows
to
allows for
DC
for flexible
D/L
flexible as operation
shown
operation in between
Fig.
between 3.
capacity expansion. As a planned solution, the DC
conversion
capacity of
of the
conversionexpansion.the existingAs AC
existing AC a D/LD/L to
to expand
planned the the DC distribution
the distribution
solution,
expand distribution Transition
distribution to lines
SOP
lines without
allows
without additional
additional issues
for flexible of
of grid
grid protection.
issuesoperation between
protection.
line(D/L)
conversion capacity
of the itself
existing is
AC proposed.
D/L to Assuming
expand the the same
distribution And
And transition
distribution
transition linesto
to DC
without
DC D/L
D/L is
is the
additional
the most
issues
most economical
of grid
economical way
way to
protection.to
line(D/L) capacity itself is proposed. Assuming the same
insulation
line(D/L) level
capacityand thermal limit, the DC bipole 2 circuit of increase
And facility
transition capacity
to DC D/Ltwiceis by
the adding
most just one
economical conductor.
way to
insulation level and itself
thermal is limit,
proposed.
the DC Assuming
bipole 2 the same
circuit of increase facility capacity twice by adding just one conductor.
four
four conductors
insulation level and
conductors with added
withthermal one
one conductor
added limit, the DC bipole
conductor has
has about twice
2 circuit
about twiceof increase facility capacity twice by adding just one conductor.
four conductors with added one conductor has about twice
2405-8963 © 2019, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Peer review©under
Copyright 2019 responsibility
IFAC of International Federation of Automatic
523Control.
Copyright © 2019 IFAC
10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.08.257 523
Copyright © 2019 IFAC 523
 2019 IFAC CSGRES
Jeju, Korea, June 10-12, 2019 Hansang Lee et al. / IFAC PapersOnLine 52-4 (2019) 482–487 483

3.1 Scenario 1: For present distribution system

Under the load conditions shown in Table 1 and system

topology shown in Fig. 4, the photovoltaic generation
capacity was estimated so that the amount of powerflow in
each branch would not exceed 10 MVA. Installable capacity
considering load size was estimated as total 20MW with
4MW at Bus 1, 2MW at Bus 2 and 14MW at Bus 3.

RL
RRL
#1

#1
Fig. 1. Existing configuration in Distribution main D/L with

#2

#2
0.0015916 [H] 0.0015916 [H]
1e+6 [ohm] 1e+6 [ohm]

#3

#3
NOP

V
A

V
A
ALOC160-95

ALOC160-95

ALOC160-95
COUPLED

COUPLED

COUPLED
SECTION

SECTION

SECTION
2.5km

2.5km

2.5km
PI

PI

PI
ALOC160-95

ALOC160-95

ALOC160-95
COUPLED

COUPLED

COUPLED
SECTION

SECTION

SECTION
2.5km

2.5km

2.5km
PI

PI

PI
V
A

V
A

V
A
A
V
4 [MW] 4 [MW ] 3 [MW]

Photovoltaic
TIME A Generation

ALOC160-95

ALOC160-95
B Compar-

COUPLED

COUPLED
SECTION

SECTION
1.0 ator

2.5km

2.5km
PI

PI
ALOC160-95

COUPLED
SECTION
2.5km

PI
ALOC160-95

ALOC160-95
COUPLED

COUPLED
SECTION

SECTION
2.5km

2.5km
PI

PI
ALOC160-95

COUPLED
SECTION
2.5km

PI
V
A
4MW PV

6 [MW]

V
A

V
A
A
V
2 [MW] 2 [MW]

Photovoltaic
TIME A Generation

ALOC160-95

ALOC160-95
B Compar-

COUPLED

COUPLED
SECTION

SECTION
0.75 ator

2.5km

2.5km
PI

PI
ALOC160-95

ALOC160-95
COUPLED

COUPLED
SECTION

SECTION
2.5km

2.5km
PI

PI
Fig. 2. Distribution system configuration with conversion

V
A
NOP to SOP
4 [MW]

0.0015916 [H]
V
A

4 [MW] COUPLED COUPLED COUPLED COUPLED COUPLED COUPLED

A A A A #3 #1 RRL RL
V PI PI V PI PI V PI PI V
SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION #2
ALOC160-95

1e+6 [ohm]
ALOC160-95 ALOC160-95 ALOC160-95 ALOC160-95 ALOC160-95 ALOC160-95
COUPLED
SECTION

4 [MW]

2 [MW]

3 [MW]
2.5km

2.5km 2.5km 2.5km 2.5km 2.5km 2.5km

PI
ALOC160-95

COUPLED
SECTION
2.5km

PI

A
V

Photovoltaic
TIME A Generation

0.5 B Compar-
ator

Fig. 4. Distribution system for present configuration

Fig. 3. Distribution system configuration with conversion AC

D/L to DC D/L and SOPs

3. CASE STUDIES
In order to verify the effects of SOP transition or the
combination of SOP and DC D/L conversion, case studies
with load condition as shown in Table 1 have been performed
using PSCAD/EMTDC.

Table 1. Load condition

TR#11 TR#11 TR#12 TR#21
D/L#1 D/L#2 D/L#1 D/L#1
Bus 1 4 MW 4 MW 3 MW 3 MW

Bus 2 2 MW 6 MW 2 MW 2 MW
Fig. 5. Acceptable PV generation capacity at each bus of
Bus 3 4 MW 4 MW 4 MW D/L#11 of TR#11 in Scenario 1

Total 10 MW 10 MW 9 MW 9 MW

524
2019 IFAC CSGRES
484
Jeju, Korea, June 10-12, 2019 Hansang Lee et al. / IFAC PapersOnLine 52-4 (2019) 482–487

capacity limit. Also, as shown in Fig. 7, it can be seen that

the per unit value of each bus voltage does not deviate from
the reliability range of the line.

3.2 Scenario 2: For distribution system with SOP conversion

Assuming 5 MW SOPs with neighbour D/L as shown in Fig.

8, the acceptable capacity of a PV generation which makes
the powerflow of each branch under the limited capacity was
estimated. It can be confirmed that the additional capacity is
increased as much as the SOP converters, 15 MW. The total
acceptable PV capacity is 35 MW with 9 MW at Bus 1, 7
MW at Bus 2, and 19 MW at Bus 3.

RL
RRL
#1

#1
#2

#2
0.0015916 [H] 0.0015916 [H]
1e+6 [ohm] 1e+6 [ohm]

#3

#3
V
A

V
A
ALOC160-95

ALOC160-95

ALOC160-95
COUPLED

COUPLED

COUPLED
SECTION

SECTION

SECTION
2.5km

2.5km

2.5km
PI

PI

PI
ALOC160-95

ALOC160-95

ALOC160-95
COUPLED

COUPLED

COUPLED
SECTION

SECTION

SECTION
2.5km

2.5km

2.5km
PI

PI

PI
V
A

V
A

V
A
V
A
A
V
4 [MW] A TIME 4 [MW ] 3 [MW]
SOP SOP
Photovoltaic Compar- B
Converter ator 1.5 Converter
TIME A Generation
-1
*

ALOC160-95

ALOC160-95
B Compar-

COUPLED

COUPLED
SECTION

SECTION
1.0 ator

2.5km

2.5km
PI

PI
ALOC160-95

COUPLED
SECTION
2.5km

PI
ALOC160-95

ALOC160-95
COUPLED

COUPLED
SECTION

SECTION
2.5km

2.5km
PI

PI
ALOC160-95

COUPLED
SECTION
2.5km

PI
V
A
4MW PV

6 [MW]
V
A

V
A
V
A
A
V

2 [MW] A TIME 2 [MW]

SOP SOP
Photovoltaic Compar- B
Converter ator 1.5 Converter
TIME A Generation

Fig. 6. Active power flow at each branch in Scenario 1

-1
*
ALOC160-95

ALOC160-95
B Compar-
COUPLED

COUPLED
SECTION

SECTION
0.75 ator
2.5km

2.5km
PI

PI
ALOC160-95

ALOC160-95
COUPLED

COUPLED
SECTION

SECTION
2.5km

2.5km
PI

PI
V
A
*
-1

Converter A TIME Converter

SOP SOP 4 [MW]
Compar- B
ator 1.5
V
A

0.0015916 [H]
V
A

4 [MW] COUPLED COUPLED COUPLED COUPLED COUPLED COUPLED

A A A A #3 #1 RRL RL
V PI PI V PI PI V PI PI V
SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION #2
ALOC160-95

1e+6 [ohm]
ALOC160-95 ALOC160-95 ALOC160-95 ALOC160-95 ALOC160-95 ALOC160-95
COUPLED
SECTION

4 [MW]

2 [MW]

3 [MW]
2.5km

2.5km 2.5km 2.5km 2.5km 2.5km 2.5km

PI
ALOC160-95

COUPLED
SECTION
2.5km

PI

A
V

Photovoltaic
TIME A Generation

0.5 B Compar-
ator

Fig. 8. Distribution system with SOP conversion

Fig. 7. Bus voltage at each D/L in Scenario 1

As shown in Figure 6 which shows simulation results for the

powerflow at each bus of each DL, it can be seen that the Fig. 9. Acceptable PV generation capacity at each bus of
powerflow through DL # 111 does not exceed the line D/L#11 of TR#11 in Scenario 2

525
 2019 IFAC CSGRES
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graph of Fig. 10. It can be confirmed that the overload of DL

#111 is solved due to the powerflow transferred to the
neighboring DL by the SOP converter. Regarding the
compliance of the line voltage with the reliability criterion,
Fig. 11 shows that it is still within the permissible range.

3.3 Scenario 3: For distribution system with SOP and DC

D/L conversion

The maximum DC voltage level that can be secured while

maintaining the existing insulation design of the existing
22.9kV AC system is 18.7kVdc. In addition, since a positive
pole and a negative pole are required to constitute one DC
circuit, it is possible to add one conductor to three existing
conductors to convert them into two monopoles.

Considering conversion 22.9kVac D/L to ± 18.7kVdc mono-

pole 2 circuit as shown in Fig. 12, the effect of the increased
capacity of the D/L itself was estimated. The estimated total
acceptable PV capacity was increased to 45 MW with 9 MW
at Bus 1, 7 MW at Bus 2, and 29 MW at Bus 3.

RL
RRL
#1

#1
#2

#2
0.0015916 [H] 0.0015916 [H]
1e+6 [ohm] 1e+6 [ohm]

#3

#3
V
A

V
A
Main Converter
AC -> DC

ALOC160-95

ALOC160-95
COUPLED

COUPLED
SECTION

SECTION
2.5km

2.5km
PI

PI
ALOC160-95

ALOC160-95
COUPLED

COUPLED
SECTION

SECTION
2.5km

2.5km
PI

PI
Fig. 10. Active power flow at each branch in Scenario 2
C

A
ALOC160-95

ALOC160-95
COUPLED

COUPLED
SECTION

SECTION
5.0km

5.0km
PI

PI

V
A
C

V
A
A TIME 4 [MW]
SOP
Compar- B
ator 1.5 Converter
3 [MW]
-1
Generation *
Photovoltaic
V
A
V
A

ALOC160-95

ALOC160-95
COUPLED

COUPLED
A
V

SECTION

SECTION
2.5km

2.5km
PI

PI
P+jQ

V
A

ALOC160-95

ALOC160-95
COUPLED

COUPLED
SECTION

SECTION
2.5km

2.5km
PI

PI
Photovoltaic
TIME A Generation

0.5 B Compar-
ator
V
A
C

A
ALOC160-95
COUPLED

COUPLED
SECTION

SECTION
5.0km
ALOC160-95

PI

PI
5.0km

6 [MW]
C

V
A
2 [MW]
V
A
V
A
P+jQ

A TIME
A
V

ALOC160-95
SOP

COUPLED
SECTION
2.5km
Compar- B
Converter
V
A

1.5

PI
ator
Photovoltaic
-1
Generation *
Photovoltaic
TIME A Generation

ALOC160-95

COUPLED
SECTION
2.5km
0.5 B Compar-

PI
ator
C

A
ALOC160-95
COUPLED

COUPLED
SECTION

SECTION
5.0km
ALOC160-95

PI

PI
5.0km

V
A
4 [MW]
V
A
V
A
P+jQ

*
A
V

-1

ator 1.5 Converter

Photovoltaic Compar- B
SOP
Generation A TIME

0.0015916 [H]
C

A
ALOC160-95
COUPLED

COUPLED
SECTION

SECTION

COUPLED COUPLED COUPLED COUPLED COUPLED COUPLED

5.0km
ALOC160-95

RL
PI

PI

A A A A #3 #1 RRL
5.0km

V PI PI V PI PI V PI PI V
SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION #2
C

1e+6 [ohm]
ALOC160-95 ALOC160-95 ALOC160-95 ALOC160-95 ALOC160-95 ALOC160-95
4 [MW]

2 [MW]

3 [MW]

2.5km 2.5km 2.5km 2.5km 2.5km 2.5km

V
A

Photovoltaic
TIME A Generation

0.5 B Compar-
ator

Fig. 12. Distribution system with SOP and DC D/L

conversion

For the expanded capacity of the renewable generation

enlarged by 25 MW, there are no branch to exceed its
capacity limit as shown in the Fig. 10. It is expected that the
expansion of the line capacity through the conversion to the
DC line and the distribution of the powerflow by the SOP
converter will significantly increase the renewable energy
hosting capacity of the power distribution system.

Fig. 11. Bus voltage at each D/L in Scenario 2

For the expanded capacity of the renewable generation

enlarged by 15 MW, the powerflow through the DL #111 is
still within the thermal limit of the line as shown in the first

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Fig. 13. Acceptable PV generation capacity at each bus of
D/L#11 of TR#11 in Scenario 3
Fig. 14. Active power flow at each branch in Scenario 3
Hansang Lee et al. / IFAC PapersOnLine 52-4 (2019) 482–487
Fig. 15. Active power flow at each branch in Scenario 3
4. CONCLUSIONS
In order to cope with the demand for the expansion of the
distribution facility due to the expansion of the solar power
facility, MVDC technology based solutions has been
proposed and verified through case studies. Transition to DC
D/L to increase the line capacity itself and SOP conversion to
use the surplus capacity of the neighbour D/L can be
estimated to be economical solutions for quantitative
expansion by minimizing the investment of additional
facilities. Although there are still some assignments for the
development of protective devices, the protection system
design and the optimal operation technology, it can be
expected that it will be realized in the near future through
continuous research.
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Applied Energy, Vol. 164, pp. 245-257
Wanyu Cao, Jianzhong Wu, Nick Jenkins, Chengshan
Wang, and Timothy Green (2016). Benefits analysis of
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operation. Applied Energy, Vol. 165, pp. 36-47
Chao Long, Jianzhong Wu, Lee Thomas, and Nick Jenkins
(2016). Optimal operation of soft open points in
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distributed generation. Applied Energy, Vol. 184, pp.
427-437
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Chengshan Wang, Guanyu Song, Peng Li, Haoran Ji, Jinli

Zhao, and Jianzhong Wu (2017). Optimal siting and
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Avinash Aithal, Gen Li, Jianzhong Wu, and James Yu
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Applied Energy, Vol. 227, pp. 262-272

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