Modifiable Factor Non Modifiable Factor

- associated with freshwater -tropical regions

or animal exposure -Gender (Male)
-Work related (Sewage workers, farmers,
veterinarians, or hunters)
- leisure activities (kayaking, tramping, and
other outdoor sports)

gains entry via open wound

penetrate the mucosal lining of the skin

multiplies in blood and nearby tissue

produce endotoxin

attached to endothelial cells

spread to any part of the body particularly

affectsthe liver and kidney

Signs and Symptoms

Hypovolemia, from dehydration
fever , chills and muscle pain
diarrhea, vomiting, headache
pain in the chest,
jaundice and fatigue

LEPTOSPIROSIS