MUNICIPAL

WASTE
RECYCLING
European Environment Agency
The European Environment Agency
(EEA) aims to support sustainable
development in Europe's environment.

Supplying of timely, targeted, relevant and

reliable information to policymaking agents
and the public.

Key goals are;

○ To be the prime source of environmental

knowledge at European level

○ Play a leading role in supporting long-

term change to a sustainable society

○ To be a lead organisation for

European Environment Agency
environmental knowledge-sharing and
capacity-building

NAME OR LOGO 2
 o Membership of the EEA is consist of EU
Member States.

o Membership is also open to other countries

which share the concern of the European
Community and the Member States as regards
the objectives of the Agency.

o The current 33 members are the 28 EU

Member States together with Iceland,
Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland and
Turkey.

Members
NAME OR LOGO 3
 o Municipal waste (MSW) is a type of
waste that consists of typical, everyday
items that are thrown away by the
public.

o Municipal waste is typically called

"garbage" or "trash" in the U.S. and
"refuse" or "rubbish" in the U.K.

o The contents of what is called municipal

waste vary from country to country
depending on what systems are
Municipal Waste available with regard to recycling and
how waste is disposed.

NAME OR LOGO 4
 Municipal Waste Treatment Processes

Pre-treatments Treatments
o MBT (mechanical-biological treatment) o Incineration
o Sorting o Landfilling
o Composting and Digestion
o Recycling

NAME OR LOGO 5
MBT and Sorting
Mechanical treatment refers to sorting, size reduction,
separation of recyclable elements from a mixed waste
stream (such as metals, plastics, glass, and paper).

Biological treatment convert the organic fraction into

a compost-like material and biogas.

What are the goals of MBT ?

o Help to meet landfill targets
o Boost recycling performance
o Reduce the need for incineration
o Minimise waste processing cost
o Reduce operation time

NAME OR LOGO 6
 Treatment Methods

Landfilling Composting and

Incineration Recycling
Digestion

NAME OR LOGO 7
 o It is the combustion of the organic
substances contained in waste materials.

o The outcome of this treatment method is

ash, flue gas and heat. The flue gas
must be cleaned before released to the
atmosphere.

o In some cases, the heat generated can be

used for electric power which means
energy recovery is obtained in this process.

Incineration

NAME OR LOGO 8
 o A municipal solid waste landfill is an area
that receives the household waste.

o It can also receive other types of wastes

such as sludge, commercial solid waste, and
industrial solid wastes.

o Municipal waste can be landfilled directly or

after applying pre-treatment methods.

Landfilling

NAME OR LOGO 9
 o It is the treatment of the
biodegradable waste that produces
digestate and compost which is used as
a recycled product.

o This recycled product is also beneficial to

the agriculture and ecological
improvement.

Composting and
Digestion

NAME OR LOGO 10
 o It is the recovery operation where
wastes are recycled into the products,
substances or materials and include the
reprocessing of organic substances.

o However, it does not cover the energy

recovery and direct recycling within
industrial plants.

Recycling

NAME OR LOGO 11
 Share of Treatment Methods - 2016

other
3%

incineration
28%

recycling
45%

landfill
24%

Total incineration (including energy recovery) Landfill Recycling (incl. composting/digestion) Other

NAME OR LOGO 12
NAME OR LOGO 13
MUNICIPAL WASTE RECYCLING IN
EUROPE
● Over the last two decades, European countries have
increasingly changed their focus with regard to municipal
waste from disposal methods to prevention and
recycling.

● The main aim is to increasingly meet the material

demand of the economy by using secondary raw
materials made of recycled waste, preventing the
environmental impacts associated with extracting and
refining virgin materials.

● In 2015, the European Commission proposed new targets

for municipal waste of 60 % recycling and preparing for
reuse by 2025 and 65 % by 2030.

● In addition, new targets to reduce municipal waste

disposed of in landfill.

NAME OR LOGO 14
Municipal waste generated per person

o Total municipal waste generation in the EEA

countries declined by 3% in absolute terms
and average generation per person by 7 %
from 2004 to 2014.

o However, there has been no uniform trend

across countries, with an increase in
municipal waste generation per person in 16
and a decrease in 19 countries.

o In 2014, municipal waste generation per

person was highest in Denmark and
Switzerland and lowest in Romania, Poland and
Serbia.

o This reflects the fact that wealthier countries

tend to generate more municipal waste
per person, while tourism contributes to high
generation rates in Cyprus and Malta.

NAME OR LOGO 15
Municipal waste recycling
o Germany, Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, the
Netherlands and Sweden recycled at least
half of their municipal waste in 2014.

o The highest increase in recycling rates

between 2004 and 2014 was reported in
Lithuania, Poland, Italy, the United Kingdom and
the Czech Republic.

o However, in seven countries, the proportion of

recycled municipal waste barely changed
and in two countries it even decreased slightly.

o Increasing recycling rates and declining

rates of landfilling are clearly linked. Usually,
landfilling declines much faster than the
growth in recycling.

o The rate of municipal waste landfilling for the

32 EEA member countries fell from 49% in
2004 to 34% in 2014.

NAME OR LOGO 16
MUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN TURKEY

● The data shows a relatively stable

waste generation which is slightly
declining
● Starting from 454 kg/cap in 2001
and falling to 407 kg/cap in 2010.
● Out of the approximate 30 million
tonnes of MW generated in 2010
● 25 million tonnes (84%) MW was
collected
● 98 % of this collected waste was
landfilled.
● Around 0.2 million tonnes were
biologically treated.

NAME OR LOGO 17