‫ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ‬

‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﺣﺘﺴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺗﺄﺻﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫)ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ(‬

‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﱘ ‪:‬‬

‫ﴰﻴﻢ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻜﻴﻢ‬

‫ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻑ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﺪﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺑﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻮﻣﻪ‬
‫ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‬

‫‪١٤٢٩‬ﻫـ‪٢٠٠٨ -‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘـﺪﻣـﺔ‬
 ‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ‪ ،‬ﳓﻤﺪﻩ ﻭﻧﺴﺘﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﻧﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻌﻮﺫ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻭﺭ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻨﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﻴﺌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﻬﺪﻩ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻼ ﻣﻀﻞ ﻟﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻳﻀﻠﻞ ﻓﻼ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﺍﹰ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ‪. - e -‬‬
‫‪، (١)á tbqßJÎ=ó¡•B NçFRr&ur žwÎ) ¨ûèòqèÿsC Ÿwur ¾ÏmÏ?$s)è? ¨,ym ©!$# (#qà)®?$# (#qãYtB#uä tûïÏ%©!$# $pkš‰r'¯»tƒ â‬‬

‫‪£]t/ur $ygy_÷ry— $pk÷]ÏB t,n=yzur ;oy‰Ïnºur <§øÿ¯R `ÏiB /ä3s)n=s{ “Ï%©!$# ãNä3-/u‘ (#qà)®?$# â¨$¨Z9$# $pkš‰r'¯»tƒ â‬‬

‫‪öNä3ø‹n=tæ tb%x. ©!$# ¨bÎ) 4 tP%tnö‘F{$#ur ¾ÏmÎ/ tbqä9uä!$|¡s? “Ï%©!$# ©!$# (#qà)¨?$#ur 4 [ä!$|¡ÎSur #ZŽ•ÏWx. Zw%y`Í‘ $uKåk÷]ÏB‬‬

‫‘‪،(٢)á $Y6ŠÏ%u‬‬

‫‪ö•Ïÿøótƒur ö/ä3n=»yJôãr& öNä3s9 ôxÎ=óÁムÇÐÉÈ #Y‰ƒÏ‰y™ Zwöqs% (#qä9qè%ur ©!$# (#qà)®?$# (#qãZtB#uä tûïÏ%©!$# $pkš‰r'¯»tƒ â‬‬

‫‪.(٣)á $¸JŠÏàtã #·—öqsù y—$sù ô‰s)sù ¼ã&s!qß™u‘ur ©!$# ÆìÏÜム`tBur 3 öNä3t/qçRèŒ öNä3s9‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﺘﻬﺎﻓﺘﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺬﺍﺋﺬ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺯﺍﺋﻠﺔ ﻓﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻮﻏﻠﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺣﻄﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﻳﺴﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺷﻬﻮﺍ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻟﻠﻘﻠﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻟﻠﻨﻔﺲ‬
‫ﻃﻤﺄﻧﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺷﺄ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺸﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺷﺮﺑﺎﹰ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻋﻄﺸﺎﹰ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥﹼ ﻣﺎ ﳚﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻤﺄﻧﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻳﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻼﺡ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﳍﺪﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﱐ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ ،(٥) áà  Á À ¿ ¾ ½ ¼ » º ¹ â :‬ﻓﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺣﻮﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳍﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺷﺪ ﺍﻹﳍﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻸﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑ‪‬ﻌﺚ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﻭﺃﻧﺰﻟﺖ‬

‫)‪ - (١‬ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﻵﻳـﺔ ‪. ١٠٢‬‬

‫)‪ – (٢‬ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ‪ :‬ﺍﻵﻳـﺔ ‪. ١‬‬
‫)‪ – (٣‬ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻵﻳـﺔ ‪. ٧١-٧٠‬‬
‫)‪ - (٤‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺳ‪‬ﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺧﻄﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ، ١٩٦‬ﺭﻗـﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ‪ ،١١٠٥ :‬ﻁ‪١٤١٩‬ﻫـ‪١٩٩٨-‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﳎﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﺋﺪ ‪ :‬ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑـﻦ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﳍﻴﺜﻤﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺧﻄﺒﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ‪ ،٥٢٨/٤ ،‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ‪ ،٧٥٣١ :‬ﻁ ‪١٤١٢ :‬ﻫـ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﲑﻭﺕ‪ .‬ﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ‪ :‬ﺧﻄﺒﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ -r -‬ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪١٤٠٠ ،٤‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﲑﻭﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ – (٥‬ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻃـﻪ ‪ :‬ﺍﻵﻳـﺔ ‪. ١٢٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ‪ ، (١) á |Nqäó»©Ü9$# (#qç7Ï^tGô_$#ur ©!$# (#r߉ç6ôã$# Âcr& »wqß™§‘ 7p¨Bé& Èe@à2 ’Îû $uZ÷Wyèt/ ô‰s)s9ur â ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪>p¨Bé& uŽö•yz öNçGZä. â‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﲪﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺗﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ‪- e -‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺧﺘﻤﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ‬ ‫&‪á «!$$Î/ tbqãZÏB÷sè?ur Ì•x6ZßJø9$# Ç`tã šcöqyg÷Ys?ur Å$rã•÷èyJø9$$Î/ tbrâ•ßDù's? Ĩ$¨Y=Ï9 ôMy_Ì•÷zé‬‬

‫‪ÓÉLyJ÷èÏR öNä3ø‹n=tæ àMôJoÿøCr&ur öNä3oYƒÏŠ öNä3s9 àMù=yJø.r& tPöqu‹ø9$# â‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺒﻮﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﻄﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻟﺘﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪:‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫‪’Îû uqèdur çm÷YÏB Ÿ@t6ø)ム`n=sù $YYƒÏŠ ÄN»n=ó™M}$# uŽö•xî Æ÷tGö;tƒ `tBur â‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪: I‬‬ ‫‪á $YYƒÏŠ zN»n=ó™M}$# ãNä3s9 àMŠÅÊu‘ur‬‬

‫‪ ، (٤)á z`ƒÌ•Å¡»y‚ø9$# z`ÏB Íot•ÅzFy$#‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‘‘ - e -‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻨﻮ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﺗﺴﻮﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻠﻚ ﻧﱯ ﺧﻠﻔﻪ ﻧﱯ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻧﱯ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ‪.(٥)’’...‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﺘﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻭﺑﻼﻏﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﺎﻥ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﺘﺎﻥ ؛ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ‘‘ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮﻳﻦ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻬﺎ‪‬ﻢ ’’‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ‘‘ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺜـﺎﺭﺓ ﺣـﻮﻝ ﺍﻟـﺪﻋﻮﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺓ ﻹﺯﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﻮﺱ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮﻳﻦ ﺑﻐﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺘﻬﻢ ﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﳊﻖ’’ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭ‪‬ﺟﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺣـﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻋﺘﱪﻫﺎ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ‪ -‬ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﻜﻤﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ‪ -‬ﻣﻨﻬﺠﺎﹰ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺎﹰ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻛﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﳘﻴﺘﻬﺎ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﲣﺬﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺳﺒﻴﻼ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﺜﲑﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﻮﺩﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﳉﺪﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﻮﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻒ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻫﺐ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ‪ -‬ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﻜﻤﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ‪ -‬ﺇﱃ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﺠﺎﹰ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺎﹰ ﻟﻠـﺪﻋﻮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀً ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻛﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻖ ﺍ‪‬ﺮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ؟‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺎﺗﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﲔ ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﻳﺘﻌـﺪﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺗﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﻟﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﻭﺛﻘﺎﻓﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺑﻴﺌﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺷﺒﻬﺎ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻓﻬﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﻭﻗﺪﺭﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻖ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺠﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻣـﻊ ﲨﻴـﻊ ﺃﺻـﻨﺎﻑ‬

‫)‪ – (١‬ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻞ ‪ :‬ﺍﻵﻳـﺔ ‪. ٣٦‬‬

‫)‪ – (٢‬ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﻵﻳـﺔ ‪. ١١٠‬‬
‫)‪ – (٣‬ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻳـﺔ ‪. ٣‬‬
‫)‪ – (٤‬ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﻵﻳـﺔ ‪. ٨٥‬‬
‫)‪ – (٥‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺑﲏ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ، ٦٦٥‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ) ، ٣٤٥٥‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ‪. ( ١٨٤٢ :‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺳﻠﻚ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻞ ﺻﻨﻒ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺑﺄﺳﺎﻟﻴﺒﻪ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﻭﺃﺩﻟﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺩﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻟﻠﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌـﺪﻋﻮﻳﻦ ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺧﺬ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﺻﻮﺍﺑﺎﹰ ﻭﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﹰ ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﻭﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ؟‬
‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﺗﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﻭﺗﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻄﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻄـﻮﺭﺍﹰ‬
‫ﻫﺎﺋﻼﹰ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﰲ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﻭﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﺢ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻮﺍﻛﺐ ﺗﻄﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﺼﺮﻩ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﺠﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺩﻋﻮﺗﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴـﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺳﲑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺳﲑ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﲔ ﲝﺜﺎﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺼـﻮﺍﺏ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﻘـﻮﻟﲔ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻫﺠﻪ ﻭﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺒﻪ ﻭﺃﺩﻟﺘﻪ ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ ﰲ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﺣﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺗﺄﺻﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ -(١‬ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ -(٢‬ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ -(٣‬ﺗﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ -(٤‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ -(٥‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ -(٦‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ -(١‬ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫)ﺃ(‪ -‬ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﰲ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﳘﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻋﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳـﺒﺪﺃ ﲟﻬﻤﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻳﺔ ﻹﺑـﻼﻍ ﺭﺳـﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻬﻪ ﺷﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻭﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺗـﺜﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻚ ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺗﻴﺎﺏ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺻﺪﻗﻪ ﻭﺻﺪﻕ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﳌﻨﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ ﻳـﺪﻋﻮ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺇﺛﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺫﻭ ﺗﺄﺛﲑ ﻗﻮﻱ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﺧﺼـﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻋﺪﺍﺅﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪﱘ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺄﺭﻳﺦ ﺩﻋﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺳﲑ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺓ ﺧﲑ ﺷـﺎﻫﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻞ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻲ ﳌﻮﺍﺟﻬﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﻫﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻐﻴﺔ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﻋـﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻔﻮﺱ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮﻳﻦ ﻭﺇﻓﺤﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔﲔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻧﺪﻳﻦ ؟ ﺃﻡ ﻳﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﺑﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﺸﻐﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺩﻭﺩ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﺇﺫ ﻫﻮ ﺇﺿﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺠﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻭﺓ ؟‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺜﺎﺭ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻲ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺬﻫﺐ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﻮﺱ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮﻳﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﰒ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻭﻻﹰ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ ﺛﺎﻧﻴـﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻠﻮﺏ ﻭﺃﺫﻫﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮﻳﻦ ﻭﺇﻳﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺣـﱴ ﻳﻨﻜﺸـﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃـﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺒﺘﻌﺪﻭﺍ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻨﲑ ﳍﻢ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻓﲑﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺘﺪﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺪﻯ ﺍﷲ ‪ U‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﺘﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺗﱪﺃ ﺫﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺪ ‪ -‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ‪ -‬ﰲ ﻗﻮﳍﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺩﻟﺔ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ‪ -‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ‪. -‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻫﺐ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺑﻐﻴﺔ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻗﻠﻮﺏ ﻭﺃﺫﻫﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮﻳﻦ ﻭﺇﻳﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﻖ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺴﺪﻳﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻻ ﻳﺄﰐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﰲ ﺃﻏﻠـﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻮﺓ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻛﺜﲑﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺜﲑ ﺍﳉﺪﻝﹸ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺵ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻮﺭ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺩ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺠﺎﺟﺔﹶ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺎﺩﻟﲔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﻘﻌﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨـﺰﺍﻉ ﻭﻳﻀﻴﻊ ﺍﳊﻖ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﺍ ﻓﺎﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﻳﺪ ﻫﻮ ﻋـﺮﺽ ﺣﻘـﺎﺋﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﳕﺎﺫﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺗﺮﺑﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻹﺳـﻼﻡ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﳕﻮﺫﺟﺎﹰ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺎﹰ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻳﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻴﺤﺒﻮﻧﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﻌﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﻛﺜﺎﺭ ﻣﻨـﻪ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺰﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﻮﺱ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﺫﻫﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻳﻘﺮ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻖ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﰲ ﻗﻮﳍﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴـﺔ ؛ ﺳـﻴﺄﰐ ﺫﻛﺮﻫـﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ‪ -‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ‪. -‬‬
‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﹰ ﺣﺘﻤﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﹰ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻴـﺔ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﺃﺩﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣـﻦ ﰒ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺟﺪﻳﺮﺍﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
 ‫)ﺏ(‪ -‬ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻱ ‪ -‬ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﻟﺘـﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻜـﺜﲑ ﺑـﲔ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ؛ ﺇﺫ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﺗﻮﺧﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻧﺘﻘﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻤﻴـﺎﹰً‬
‫ﻭﺟﺪﻳﺮﺍﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ‘‘ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸـﺒﻬﺎﺕ‪..‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺗﺄﺻﻴﻠﻴﺔ’’ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻧﺼﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪. I‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻭﺟﺪﺍﺭﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺣﻔﺰﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣـﺚ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﺃﻫﻢ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻫﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻭﺍﻟﺴـﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺎﹰ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﰲ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺩﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠـﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ؛‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺳﺒﺒﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﲑﺓ ﺑﻨﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻬﺮﺓ ﻭﺳﲑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - ٣‬ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻭﺳﻨﺔ ﻧﺒﻴﻪ ‪ - e -‬ﻭﺳـﲑ ﺍﻟﺼـﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﲔ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻀﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - ٤‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ -(٢‬ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﺼﺒﻮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﲝﺜﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺗﺄﺻﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺃﺛﻨـﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺔ ﺳﲑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﲔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻗﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮﻳﻦ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻬﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺩﻋﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺇﺑﺮﺍﺯ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺇﺛﺎﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ّﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻫﺠﻪ ﻟﻴﺘﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﳍﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - ٥‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﺹ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
 ‫)‪ - (٣‬ﺗﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﲟﻮﺿـﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺚ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﳘﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻵﰐ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻭﺩ ؟‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻭﺩ ؟‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻭﺩ ؟‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ؟‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ؟‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻓﻌﻬﺎ ؟‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ؟‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ؟‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮ ؟‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ؟‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺳﲑ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ؟‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ؟‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ؟‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ؟‬
‫)‪ -(٤‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﺍﻃﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ‪ -‬ﺑﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﺍﷲ ﺟﻞﹼ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ ‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴـﺔ ﲟﻜﺘﺒـﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺳﻌﻮﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﲜﺎﻣﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ )ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺠﻠﺔ ‪ ١٤٢٠–١٣٩٦‬ﻫـ(‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻋﺪﺗﻪ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺻـﺪﺭﻩ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﻮﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ؛ ﻓﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺩﺭﺍﺳـﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺻﻴﻠﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻔﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻔﻴﺪﺓ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻣﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺿﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻃﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ‪ -‬ﺑﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﺍﷲ ﺟﻞﹼ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ ‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﰐ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻄﺮﻗﺖ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺪ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻬـﺪ ﺍﳌﻜـﻲ ﻭﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮﻫـﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ)‪:(١‬‬
‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺼﻞ ﲤﻬﻴﺪﻱ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﻭﺧﺎﲤﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛـﻞ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺒﺤﺜﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪ ﻋﺪﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫ﲢﺪﺛﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﻓﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻲ ﻭﻓﺘﺮﺗﻪ ﻭﻣﺮﺣﻠـﺔ ﺍﻟـﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺴـﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻬﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻓﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﳌﻜﻲ ؛ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﻏﻴﺐ ﻭﺗﺮﻫﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺸﻮﻳﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺠﻴﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﲣﺬﻳﻞ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨـﻊ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﳍﺠـﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺟﺴﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻧﱯ …ﺍﱁ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﺖ ‪ -‬ﰲ ﻓﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ -‬ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎﹰ ﻋﻦ ﻃـﺮﻕ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺒﺤﺜﲔ ‪ ،‬ﲢﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﱄ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺟﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ؛ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﲑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﺼﻪ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﻣﺸﺮﻛﻲ ﻣﻜﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﻭﻃﺮﻕ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺘﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﺳﱵ ﻓﺘﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺄﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸـﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﱵ‬
‫ﲢﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ‘‘ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻔﻨﻴﺪﻫﺎ’’ ﻣﻦ ﺹ‪٥٥٦‬‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺹ‪. ٥٦٢‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺧﺼﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ ﻭﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ)‪:(٢‬‬
‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺼﻞ ﲤﻬﻴﺪﻱ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﻭﺧﺎﲤﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻱ ﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﺪﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ‪،‬‬

‫)‪ - (١‬ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﲪﺰﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺎﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﺣﺘﺴﺎﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻡ ‪١٤١٦‬ﻫـ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ - (٢‬ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻋﺪﻫﺎ ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺁﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﺣﺘﺴﺎﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻡ ‪١٤١٧‬ﻫـ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻭﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﺪﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ؛ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺴﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺼﻠﲔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺒﺤﺜﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﻓﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻱ ﻧﺒﺬﺓ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺒﺬﺓ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺄﺭﳜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﺛﺖ ﰲ ﺑﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ -‬ﺑﻔﺼﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﻪ ‪ -‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴـﺐ ﺧﺼﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ ؛ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻏﻴﺐ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑـﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺷﺎﻋﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﺗﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺑﺎﻁ ﺍﳉﺄﺵ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻳﺬﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ،- e -‬ﻭﺍﻻﻏﺘﻴﺎﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺰﻭﺍﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺰﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺂﻣﺮ ﻭﺑﺚ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﺍﻭﺓ ﻟﻠﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻌﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ ﻭﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﰒ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‪،- e -‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺪﺭ ﻭﻧﻜﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﻮﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﻣﺼﺎﺋﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﱄ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﻨـﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﺩﻋـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﺪﺍﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺬﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻚ ﻭﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺒﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺻـﻔﻮﻑ ﺍﳌـﺆﻣﻨﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺜﺒـﻴﻂ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﺬﻳﻞ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﲢﺪﺛﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﺷﺘﻤﻞ ﻫـﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ؛ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﺼﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻋـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺘﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺘﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﺳﱵ ﻓﺘﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺄﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸـﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﱵ‬
‫ﲢﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺹ‪ ٣٠٨‬ﺇﱃ ﺹ‪ ، ٣٠٩‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺹ‪ ٣٥٠‬ﺇﱃ ﺹ‪ ، ٣٥١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺹ‪ ٣٩١‬ﺇﱃ ﺹ‪. ٣٩٤‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺭ ﰲ ﺩﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ - e -‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺩﻋﻮﻳـﺔ)‪:(١‬‬

‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴـﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺧﺎﲤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻱ ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ‪ ،‬ﲢﺪﺙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣـﺚ ﻋـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺭ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻨﻮﻧﻪ ‪ ‘‘ :‬ﺃﻫـﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﳊـﻮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻱ ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺗﻪ ’’‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺴﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺒﺤﺜﲔ ‪ ،‬ﲢﺪﺙ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻋـﻦ ﺃﻫـﺪﺍﻑ‬

‫)‪ - (١‬ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻲ ﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﺣﺘﺴﺎﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻡ ‪١٤٢١‬ﻫـ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺗﻪ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜـﺎﱐ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺴـﻤﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺭﺑﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪ ،‬ﲢﺪﺙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﺎﻭﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴـﺎﻥ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺼﺎﻑ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺎﺓ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺴﻤﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ‪،‬‬
‫ﲢﺪﺙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺭ ﰲ ﺩﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ، - e -‬ﰒ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺴﻤﻪ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﲬﺴﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ‪ ،‬ﲢﺪﺙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﳒﺎﺡ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻱ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﺼـﻞ ﺍﳋـﺎﻣﺲ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺴﻤﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ‪ ،‬ﲢﺪﺙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻱ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴـﺎﺩﺱ ؛‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺴﻤﻪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﺙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﲰﺎﺕ ﺍﳊـﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺒـﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗـﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺘﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﺳﱵ ﻓﺘﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺄﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﻊ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺹ‪ ١٦٨‬ﺇﱃ ﺹ‪ ،١٩٩‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﲢﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋـﻦ ﻣﻌـﲎ ﺍﻟﺸـﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪ ﺇﺛﺎﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺧﻄﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻻ‪‬ﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺫﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﻬﻬﺎ ﺃﻋـﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟـﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ - e -‬ﻟﺘﺸﻮﻳﻪ ﲰﻌﺘﻪ ‪ ، - e -‬ﻭﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺛﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺀ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻘـﺮﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻛﺪ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻭﺟﻴﺰ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ ﺣﻴـﺚ‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻭﻃﺮﻗﻪ ﻭﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺒﻪ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎﹰ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ - e -‬ﳑﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻜـﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺭ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎﹰ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻛﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﳘﻬﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ)‪ : (١‬ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺯﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﰲ ‘‘‪ ’’٩٥‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻭﺧﺎﲤﺔ ‪ ،‬ﲢﺪﺙ ﺍﳌﺆﻟـﻒ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺄﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﻭﺃﺩﻟﺘﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﻭﺁﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺬﻳﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻀﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻮﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻒ ‪ ،‬ﻭﲦﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺧﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﲞﻼﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ - (١‬ﻁ‪١٤١٤ ، ١‬ﻫـ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﲢﺪﺙ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻒ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺒﺤـﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﻭﺃﺩﻟﺘﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻭﻣﻨﻄﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺭ ﻭﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ)‪ : (١‬ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺿـﻴﻒ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻠﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﰲ ‘‘‪’’٧٢‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻭﻣﻨﻄﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﺪﻝ ﻭﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻒ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺎﹰ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻭﻣﻨﻄﻠﻘﺎﹰ ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺼـﺎﺭ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ‪ -‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ‪ -‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺄﺻﻮﻝ ﻭﺁﺩﺍﺏ ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ)‪ : (٢‬ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺯﻳﺪﺍﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﺭﺑﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻣﻘﺴﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﺒﺎﺣـﺚ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘـﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺘـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﰲ‘‘‪’’٥١٦‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﲢﺪﺙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻭﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺒﻬﺎ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﺼﺺ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑـﻊ ﻟﻠﺤـﺪﻳﺚ ﻋـﻦ ﺃﺳـﻠﻮﺏ ‘‘ﺇﺯﺍﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ’’‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﺙ ﺃﻭﻻﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ؛ ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻲ ﻣﻀﻄﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻔﻨﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﻐﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﻄﻼ‪‬ﺎ ﻷ‪‬ـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﲤﻨﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﳊﻖ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺹ‪ ٤٢٦‬ﺇﱃ ﺹ‪. ٤٣٦‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﳉﺪﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ)‪ :(٣‬ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺯﺍﻫﺮ ﻋﻮﺍﺽ ﺍﻷﳌﻌﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﰲ ‘‘‪’’٤٧٩‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺻﻠﻪ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺣﺼﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ‪.‬‬
‫ﲢﺪﺙ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﳉﺪﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﱐ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﳉﺪﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻻﺳـﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﺍﻟﻘـﺮﺁﱐ ﻭﺍﻻﺳـﺘﺪﻻﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﳉﺪﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﺙ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻭﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻻﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺟﺪﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺟﺰﺋﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺪﺭﺍﺳﱵ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ - (١‬ﻁ‪١٤١٤ ، ١‬ﻫـ ‪١٩٩٤‬ﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ - (٢‬ﻁ‪١٤١١ ، ٤‬ﻫـ ‪١٩٩٠-‬ﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﲑﻭﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ - (٣‬ﻁ‪١٤٠٤ ، ٣‬ﻫـ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺯﺩﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ -٥‬ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﰲ ﻗﻔﺺ ﺍﻻ‪‬ﺎﻡ)‪ : (١‬ﺷﻮﻗﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﰲ ‘‘‪ ’’٢٨٧‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﲨﻊ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻒ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﺜﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸـﺮﻗﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺼـﺒﻮﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼـﻠﻴﺒﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻗﺪﻭﻥ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻘﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻬﺪﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﺍﹰ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻖ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻭﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺳﻴﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ‪ -‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ‪ -‬ﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﲝﻜـﻢ ﻣﻨـﻬﺞ ﺍﻟـﺪﻋﻮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺑﻐﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺳﺪﻳﺪ ﰲ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺼـﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻟﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﳑﺎ ﱂ ﺗﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺳﺘﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺇﺛﺎﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻫﺠﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﳑﺎ ﱂ ﺗﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺳﻴﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ‪ -‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ‪ -‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﺹ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺿـﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻋﻠﻤﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﳑﺎ ﱂ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺳﻠﻔﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﺒﲔ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻭﺟﺪﺍﺭﺗﻪ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ -(٥‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﻈﺮﺍﹰ ﻟﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻨﻬﺠﲔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ‪:‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺋﻲ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﻲ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ - (١‬ﻁ‪١٤٠٠ ، ٤‬ﻫـ ‪١٩٨٠ -‬ﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ - (٢‬ﻫﻮ ‘‘ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻳﺸﻤﻠﻬﺎ ’’ ﺃﻭ ﻫﻮ ‘‘ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺰﺋـﻲ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﲢﺘﻪ’’ ‪ ) ،‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ‪ :‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺣﺒﻨﻜـﺔ ﺍﳌﻴـﺪﺍﱐ ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪، ١٩٠‬‬
‫ﻁ‪١٤٠١ ،٢‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻢ ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ( ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ - (٣‬ﻫﻮ ‘‘ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺒﺬﻝ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺟﻬﺪ ﻋﻘﻠﻲ ﻭﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻣﺒـﺎﺩﺉ‬
‫) ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ( ﻣﺪﻋﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺿﺤﺔ’’ ‪ ) ،‬ﺃﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺷﺪ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻷﲝﺎﺙ ‪ :‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﻠﻤﻲ ﻓﻮﺩﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒـﺪ ﺍﻟـﺮﲪﻦ ﺻـﺎﱀ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٤٢‬ﻁ‪١٤١١ ، ٤‬ﻫـ‪،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻕ ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ( ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻇﻴﻒ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ؛ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸـﺒﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﳎﺮﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺭﻏﺒـﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺻـﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺳﺪﻳﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻭﺍﻋﻲ ﺇﺛﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺣﻘﺎﺋﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺩﻻﻻ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺼﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻷﺻـﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻭﺗﻔﺎﺳﲑﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﺹ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻳﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺧـﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻹﻓﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮﻳﻦ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺘﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋـﺰﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﲣﺮﻳﺞ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﲨﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺑﺮﺯ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﳍﻢ ﺻﻠﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﲟﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ -(٦‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺸﻤﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﲟﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺗﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﲤﻬﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻭﺩ ﻭﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻭﺩ ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺣﻜﻤﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺇﺛﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺇﺛﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻓﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ :‬ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺿﻮﺍﺑﻄﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ‪ :‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺿـﻮﺀ ﺳـﲑ ﺍﻟﺴـﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ ‪ :‬ﻭﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎﺗﻪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-----------------‬‬
‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪........................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫‪٩‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫‪٩‬‬ ‫‪..............................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪..............................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫‪.................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫‪١٦‬‬ ‫‪....................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫‪١٨‬‬ ‫‪......................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺷﻜﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻟـﺘﻤﻬـﻴـﺪ‬
‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻭﺩ ﻭﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ‬
‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪.......................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻭﺩ‬
‫‪٢٣‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻭﺩ‬
‫‪٣٢‬‬ ‫‪............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻭﺩ‬
‫‪٣٢‬‬ ‫‪..........................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬ ‫‪....................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﳌﺮﺩﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺣﻜﻤﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪٣٧‬‬ ‫‪...‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪٣٧‬‬ ‫‪............‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪٣٧‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ‬
‫‪٣٩‬‬ ‫‪.........................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎﹰ ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‬
‫‪٣٩‬‬ ‫‪................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎﹰ ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫‪٣٩‬‬ ‫‪...................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎﹰ ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ‬
‫‪٤٤‬‬ ‫‪................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪٤٤‬‬ ‫‪...................................................‬‬ ‫ﺃ ‪ -‬ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫‪٤٨‬‬ ‫‪.............................................‬‬ ‫ﺏ ‪ -‬ﻣﻀﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻮﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫‪٤٩‬‬ ‫‪.............................................................‬‬ ‫ﺝ ‪ -‬ﲦﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬ ‫‪....‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٥١‬‬ ‫‪.............................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫‪٧٦‬‬ ‫‪...................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺇﺛﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮﻫﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪١٠١‬‬ ‫‪........‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺇﺛﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻓﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫‪١٠٢‬‬ ‫‪..............................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﺼـﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫‪١٠٢‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬
‫‪١٠٣‬‬ ‫‪....................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮ ) ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ (‬
‫‪١٠٤‬‬ ‫‪..................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ :‬ﺃﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮ ) ﺃﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ (‬
‫‪١٠٤‬‬ ‫‪.........................................................‬‬ ‫ﺃ ‪ -‬ﺃﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻘﺪﺍﺕ‬
‫‪١٠٤‬‬ ‫‪...............................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (١‬ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ‬
‫‪١٠٤‬‬ ‫‪...........................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻼﻝ‬
‫‪١٠٥‬‬ ‫‪........‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺘﻌﺎﻟﻴﻢ ﻟﻺﺳﻼﻡ‬
‫‪١٠٦‬‬ ‫‪.........................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٢‬ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘـﺎﺏ‬
‫‪١٠٧‬‬ ‫‪.................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ‬
‫‪١٠٨‬‬ ‫‪.............................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎﹰ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ‬
‫‪١١٢‬‬ ‫‪.............................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٣‬ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛـﻮﻥ‬
‫‪١١٤‬‬ ‫‪...............................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٤‬ﺍﳌﻠﺤـﺪﻭﻥ‬
‫‪١١٥‬‬ ‫‪..............................‬‬ ‫ﺏ ‪ -‬ﺃﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫‪١١٥‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (١‬ﺍﻟـﻤـﻸ‬
‫‪١١٨‬‬ ‫‪..............................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٢‬ﲨﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻋﺎﻣﺘﻬﻢ‬
‫‪١١٨‬‬ ‫‪......................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺩﻋﻮﻱ‬
‫‪١٢٣‬‬ ‫‪...............................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٣‬ﺍﻟـﻤﻨﺎﻓﻘﻮﻥ‬
‫‪١٢٤‬‬ ‫‪...................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻧﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻕ ﻭﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﲔ‬
‫‪١٢٦‬‬ ‫‪..............................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻕ ﻭﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻖ‬
‫‪١٣٧‬‬ ‫‪..................................‬‬ ‫ﺝ ‪ -‬ﺃﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻖ‬
‫‪١٤٠‬‬ ‫‪.......................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻓﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫‪١٤١‬‬ ‫‪...........................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻊ‬
‫‪١٤١‬‬ ‫‪................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬
‫‪١٤٢‬‬ ‫‪.............................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎﹰ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓـﻊ‬
‫‪١٤٤‬‬ ‫‪......................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫‪١٤٨‬‬ ‫‪....................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ :‬ﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺟﺒـﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺃﻡ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ ؟‬
‫‪١٤٩‬‬ ‫‪...........................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺮ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺑﻪ‬
‫‪١٥١‬‬ ‫‪................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ‪ :‬ﺃﻫﻢ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫‪١٥٢‬‬ ‫‪...............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﺍﺗـﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﳍﻮﻯ‬
‫‪١٥٢‬‬ ‫‪.......................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﳍﻮﻯ‬
‫‪١٥٤‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺧﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﳍﻮﻯ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﰲ ﺇﺛﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﻏﻮﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬
‫‪١٦٠‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﺗـﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﳍﻮﻯ‬
‫‪١٦٢‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﺝ ﺍﺗـﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﳍﻮﻯ‬
‫‪١٦٤‬‬ ‫‪........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﺎﻩ‬
‫‪١٦٧‬‬ ‫‪..............................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﱪ‬
‫‪١٦٧‬‬ ‫‪.......................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﱪ‬
‫‪١٦٨‬‬ ‫‪..............................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﺃﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﱪ ﻭﺁﺛﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫‪١٧١‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ‪ :‬ﺻﻮﺭ ﳑﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪ ﺑﺎﳌﺘﻜﱪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨـﺘﺎﺋﺞ ‪.................‬‬

‫‪١٧٤‬‬ ‫‪........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﱪ‬

‫‪١٧٦‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﱪ ﻭﺑﻮﺍﻋﺜﻪ‬
‫‪١٨٧‬‬ ‫‪...................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﱪ‬
‫‪١٨٩‬‬ ‫‪.............................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻬﻞ‬
‫‪١٨٩‬‬ ‫‪......................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻬﻞ‬
‫‪١٨٩‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﳉﻬﻞ ﻭﺿﺮﺭﻩ‬
‫‪١٩٦‬‬ ‫‪.........................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﻣﻜﺬﻭﺑﺔ ﳐـﺘﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫‪١٩٨‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻜﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺫﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻮﺭ‬
‫‪١٩٩‬‬ ‫‪....................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴـﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺳﺪﺓ‬
‫‪١٩٩‬‬ ‫‪...................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺒـﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠‬‬ ‫‪...........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴـﺌﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٨‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻸ‬
‫‪٢١٠‬‬ ‫‪............................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺴﺪ‬
‫‪٢١٠‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳊﺴﺪ‬
‫‪٢١٣‬‬ ‫‪....................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺒﻄﺔ‬
‫‪٢١٧‬‬ ‫‪......................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺴﺪ‬
‫‪٢٢٤‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ‪ :‬ﺃﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳊﺴﺪ ﻭﺁﺛﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫‪٢٣٤‬‬ ‫‪..............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﻰ‬
‫‪٢٣٤‬‬ ‫‪......................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪ‬
‫‪٢٣٧‬‬ ‫‪...........................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻪ ﻭﺣﻜﻤﻪ‬
‫‪٢٤٧‬‬ ‫‪....................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﻭﺧﻄﻮﺭﺗﻪ‬
 ‫‪٢٥٠‬‬ ‫‪.....................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ :‬ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺃﺳﺒﺎ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫‪٢٥١‬‬ ‫‪.......................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻮﻃﺌـﺔ‬
‫‪٢٥١‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٥٥‬‬ ‫‪...........................................................‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎﹰ ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ‬
‫‪٢٥٩‬‬ ‫‪......................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٢٦٠‬‬ ‫‪.......................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻮﻃﺌـﺔ‬
‫‪٢٦١‬‬ ‫‪......................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻲ‬
‫‪٢٦١‬‬ ‫‪................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺍﻋﻲ‬
‫‪٢٦٩‬‬ ‫‪..........................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺜﺎﺭ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻲ‬
‫‪٢٧٥‬‬ ‫‪........................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮ‬
‫‪٢٧٩‬‬ ‫‪....................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ :‬ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ‬
‫‪٢٧٩‬‬ ‫‪.......................‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ ‪ :‬ﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻭﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‬
‫‪٢٨٢‬‬ ‫‪........‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ ‪ :‬ﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻭﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺿﻮﺍﺑﻄﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪٣٠٥‬‬ ‫‪...........‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫‪٣٠٦‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻮﻃﺌـﺔ‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬ ‫‪.............................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﺑﺈﻳﻘﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮﺓ‬
‫‪٣٠٨‬‬ ‫‪...........................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ‬
‫‪٣١٠‬‬ ‫‪.......................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ :‬ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﳊﺴﻲ‬
‫‪٣١١‬‬ ‫‪.....................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ‪ :‬ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻧﻔﺮﺩﺕ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﱐ‬
‫‪٣١١‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (١‬ﺍﻹﻋﺠﺎﺯ‬
‫‪٣١٢‬‬ ‫‪..............................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٢‬ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻡ‬
‫‪٣١٣‬‬ ‫‪............................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٣‬ﳐﺎﻃﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﻥ‬
‫‪٣١٤‬‬ ‫‪............................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٤‬ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺒﻮﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬
‫‪٣١٤‬‬ ‫‪....................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٥‬ﻋﻤﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻭﻭﺿﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫‪٣١٦‬‬ ‫‪................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫‪٣١٦‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (١‬ﺍﻹﺧﻼﺹ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‬
‫‪٣١٦‬‬ ‫‪......................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٣١٦‬‬ ‫‪............................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٣‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫‪٣١٧‬‬ ‫‪.......................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٤‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﲟﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻭﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬
‫‪٣١٧‬‬ ‫‪....................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٥‬ﲡﺎﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻋﺪﳝﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑ‬
‫‪٣١٨‬‬ ‫‪.......................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٦‬ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻷﺧﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٣١٨‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٧‬ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٣١٩‬‬ ‫‪.........................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٨‬ﺍﻷﻫﻢ ﻓﺎﳌﻬﻢ‬
‫‪٣١٩‬‬ ‫‪....................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٩‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ‬
‫‪٣١٩‬‬ ‫‪...............................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (١٠‬ﺟﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﱀ ﻭﺩﺭﺀ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﺳﺪ‬
‫‪٣٢٠‬‬ ‫‪...........................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (١١‬ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮ‬
‫‪٣٢٠‬‬ ‫‪...................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (١٢‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪٣٢٠‬‬ ‫‪..................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (١٣‬ﲡﻨﺐ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺼﻢ‬
‫‪٣٢٠‬‬ ‫‪.................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (١٤‬ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻷﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺜﺒﺖ ﰲ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫‪٣٢٠‬‬ ‫‪........................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (١٥‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻀﺐ‬
‫‪٣٢١‬‬ ‫‪...................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (١٦‬ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺇﻟﺰﺍﻣﻲ ﻟﻜﻼ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻘﲔ‬
‫‪٣٢١‬‬ ‫‪............................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (١٧‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻉ‬
‫‪٣٢٢‬‬ ‫‪...............................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (١٨‬ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺮﺍﻑ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ‬
‫‪٣٢٢‬‬ ‫‪...................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (١٩‬ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬
‫‪٣٢٢‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٢٠‬ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ‬
‫‪٣٢٢‬‬ ‫‪..................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٢١‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫‪٣٢٢‬‬ ‫‪............................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٢٢‬ﺻﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ ﻻ ﳜﺎﻟﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻊ‬
‫‪٣٢٣‬‬ ‫‪......................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٢٣‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺠﺎﺝ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪﺭ‬
‫‪٣٢٣‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٢٤‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻔﲑ‬
‫‪٣٢٣‬‬ ‫‪................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٢٥‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬
‫‪٣٢٣‬‬ ‫‪................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٢٦‬ﺍﻹﻋﺮﺍﺽ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﻻ ﳝﻨﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬
‫‪٣٢٤‬‬ ‫‪....................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٢٧‬ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﻼﺯﻣﺔ‬
‫‪٣٢٤‬‬ ‫‪......................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٢٨‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫‪٣٢٤‬‬ ‫‪......................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٢٩‬ﻻ ﺣﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ‬
‫‪٣٢٥‬‬ ‫‪.................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٣٠‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻭﺇﻳﺼﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪٣٢٧‬‬ ‫…………………‪........................‬‬ ‫‪ :‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫‪٣٢٧‬‬ ‫‪.........................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (١‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺿﻮﺡ ﺃﺣﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ‬
‫‪٣٢٧‬‬ ‫‪.........................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٢‬ﺍﻟﺸﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ‬
‫‪٣٢٨‬‬ ‫…………………‪..............................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٣‬ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻭﺗﻮﻫﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬
‫‪٣٣١‬‬ ‫…………………‪.....................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮ‬
‫‪٣٣٢‬‬ ‫……………………‪...........................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٣٣٨‬‬ ‫……………………‪..............................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮ‬
‫‪٣٣٨‬‬ ‫………………………………………………………………‪...‬‬ ‫)‪ – (١‬ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮ‬
‫‪٣٣٩‬‬ ‫……………………………………‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٢‬ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻲ ﻭﺑﻐﻀﻪ ﺇﻳﺎﻩ‬
‫‪٣٣٩‬‬ ‫…………………………………………………………………‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٣‬ﺍﳔﺪﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ‪:‬‬
‫‪٣٤٢‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬
 ‫‪...........................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٣٤٣‬‬ ‫‪................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻮﻃﺌـﺔ‬
‫‪٣٤٦‬‬ ‫‪.......................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٣٤٦‬‬ ‫‪..............................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻮﻃﺌـﺔ‬
‫‪٣٤٧‬‬ ‫‪.......................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻫﺞ‬
‫‪٣٤٧‬‬ ‫‪...................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﺑﺈﻳﻘﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮﺓ‬
‫‪٣٤٧‬‬ ‫‪..........................................‬‬ ‫)ﺃ( ‪ -‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ‬
‫‪٣٥٠‬‬ ‫‪...........................................‬‬ ‫)ﺏ( – ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﻭﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ‬
‫‪٣٥٦‬‬ ‫‪........................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ‬
‫‪٣٥٦‬‬ ‫‪.........................................‬‬ ‫)ﺃ( ‪ -‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ‬
‫‪٣٥٨‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................‬‬ ‫)ﺏ( ‪ -‬ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻭﺩ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ‬
‫‪٣٥٩‬‬ ‫‪......................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﳊﺎﺩ‬
‫‪٣٦٠‬‬ ‫‪.................................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (١‬ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٣٦٥‬‬ ‫‪.................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٢‬ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﺗﻘﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻉ‬
‫‪٣٧١‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٣‬ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻠﻴﻖ‬
‫‪٣٧٣‬‬ ‫‪.........................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﻐﺎﻟﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻠﺤﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫‪٣٨١‬‬ ‫‪.........................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎﹰ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ‬
‫‪٣٨٢‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (١‬ﺇﺗﻘﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﺍﺗﺴﺎﻗﻪ‬
‫‪٣٨٤‬‬ ‫‪.............................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٢‬ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﻵﳍﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺒﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻋﺠﺰﻫﺎ‬

‫‪٣٨٥‬‬ ‫‪....................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺷﺒﻬﺔ ﻭﺇﺯﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎ‬

‫‪٣٨٩‬‬ ‫‪.................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٣‬ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻖ‬
‫‪٣٩٠‬‬ ‫‪.......................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ‬
‫‪٣٩٠‬‬ ‫‪.......................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻷﺯﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺑﺪﻳـﺔ‬
‫‪٣٩٠‬‬ ‫‪.................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫‪٣٩١‬‬ ‫‪...................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺧﻀﻮﻉ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳋﻼﺋﻖ ﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫‪٣٩١‬‬ ‫‪.................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺮ‬
‫‪٣٩٢‬‬ ‫‪.................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٤‬ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻭﺇﺑﻄﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ‬
‫‪٣٩٣‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٥‬ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻄﻼﻧﻪ‬
‫‪٣٩٦‬‬ ‫‪...................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺷﺒﻬﺔ ﻭﺇﺯﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫‪٣٩٨‬‬ ‫‪.................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٦‬ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻢ ﺍﳊﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﺴﺨﲑ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٤٠٠‬‬ ‫‪...........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎﹰ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻬﺔ ﻣﻨﻜﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺚ‬
‫‪٤٠٠‬‬ ‫‪............................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺣﺠﺔ ﺷﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪٤٠١‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫‪٤٠٢‬‬ ‫‪...................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (١‬ﺗﻘﺘﻀﻴﻪ ﻋﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻳﺮﺷﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ ﻭﳛﺘﻤﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻖ‬
‫‪٤٠٣‬‬ ‫‪....................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٢‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺗﻪ‬
‫‪٤٠٦‬‬ ‫‪................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٣‬ﺍﳋﺎﻟﻖ ﳌﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻫﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫‪٤٠٧‬‬ ‫‪...................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٤‬ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺚ‬
‫‪٤٠٨‬‬ ‫‪......................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٥‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺚ‬
‫‪٤٠٨‬‬ ‫‪...............................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٦‬ﺍﻟﻴﻘﻈﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺚ‬
‫‪٤١٠‬‬ ‫‪................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﳊﺴﻲ‬
‫‪٤١٠‬‬ ‫‪...................................................‬‬ ‫)ﺃ( – ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ‬
‫‪٤١١‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................‬‬ ‫)ﺏ( – ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻭﺩ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ‬
‫‪٤١١‬‬ ‫‪.......................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﳊﺎﺩ‬
‫‪٤١٢‬‬ ‫‪....................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (١‬ﺃﺩﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺄﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬
‫‪٤١٣‬‬ ‫‪.........................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٢‬ﺧﻮﺍﺭﻕ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺠﺰﺍﺕ‬
‫‪٤١٥‬‬ ‫‪.............................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٣‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٤١٦‬‬ ‫‪..............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎﹰ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻬﺔ ﺇﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺚ‬
‫‪٤١٦‬‬ ‫‪.................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (١‬ﺇﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻣﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬
‫‪٤١٩‬‬ ‫‪..............................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٢‬ﺇﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫‪٤٢١‬‬ ‫‪.................................‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎﹰ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻧﺒﻮﺓ ﳏﻤﺪ ‪ e‬ﻭﺭﺳﺎﻟﺘﻪ‬
‫‪٤٢٢‬‬ ‫‪.........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (١‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫‪٤٢٢‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫‪٤٢٣‬‬ ‫‪.........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٢‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫‪٤٢٤‬‬ ‫‪..............................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫‪٤٢٧‬‬ ‫‪.........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٣‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫‪٤٢٧‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫‪٤٢٩‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٤‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫‪٤٢٩‬‬ ‫‪.................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫‪٤٣٠‬‬ ‫‪.........................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٤٣١‬‬ ‫‪.............................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻮﻃﺌـﺔ‬
‫‪٤٣٢‬‬ ‫‪...........................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﺑﺈﻳﻘﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮﺓ‬
‫‪٤٣٢‬‬ ‫‪............................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (١‬ﺍﻟﺘﺬﻛﲑ ﺑﻨﻌﻢ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪٤٣٣‬‬ ‫‪................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٢‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﺰﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﲢﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻘﻤﺔ‬
‫‪٤٣٦‬‬ ‫‪.......................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٣‬ﺗﺬﻛﲑ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﻠﺤﺪﻳﻦ ﲝﺎﻟﺘﻬﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺪﺍﺋﺪ‬
‫‪٤٣٨‬‬ ‫‪...................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ‬
‫‪٤٣٨‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (١‬ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
‫‪٤٣٩‬‬ ‫‪.................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٢‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮﻱ‬
‫‪٤٤٠‬‬ ‫‪...................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٣‬ﺍﻷﻗﻴﺴﺔ ﺍﻹﺿﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫‪٤٤٢‬‬ ‫‪.............................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٤‬ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﳋﻠﻒ‬
‫‪٤٤٣‬‬ ‫‪.............................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٥‬ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬
‫‪٤٤٤‬‬ ‫‪....................................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٦‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺺ‬
‫‪٤٤٦‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٧‬ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ‬
‫‪٤٤٧‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٨‬ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ‬
‫‪٤٤٨‬‬ ‫‪...........................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٩‬ﳎﺎﺭﺍﺓ ﺍﳋﺼﻢ‬
‫‪٤٤٨‬‬ ‫‪....................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (١٠‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻋﻮﻯ ﺍﳋﺼﻢ ﺑﺈﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻧﻘﻴﻀﻬﺎ‬
‫‪٤٥٠‬‬ ‫‪.................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﺍﳊﺴﻲ‬
‫‪٤٥٠‬‬ ‫‪......................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (١‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮ ﲟﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﳏﺴﻮﺱ‬
‫‪٤٥٠‬‬ ‫‪................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٢‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻋﻮﻯ ﺍﳋﺼﻢ‬
‫‪٤٥١‬‬ ‫‪....................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٣‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺪﻱ ﲟﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﳏﺴﻮﺱ‬
‫‪٤٥٣‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺳﲑ‬
‫‪............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ‬
‫‪٤٥٤‬‬ ‫‪.......‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ – ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ – ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫‪٤٥٤‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻮﻃﺌـﺔ‬
‫‪٤٥٥‬‬ ‫‪...................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ ‪ :‬ﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ‪- t -‬‬
‫‪٤٥٥‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (١‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫‪٤٥٥‬‬ ‫‪............................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫‪٤٥٥‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٢‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫‪٤٥٦‬‬ ‫‪............................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫‪٤٥٧‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٣‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫‪٤٥٧‬‬ ‫‪.............................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ ﻭﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺏ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫‪٤٥٨‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٤‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫‪٤٥٨‬‬ ‫‪................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ ﻭﻛﺸﻒ ﺣﻘﻘﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫‪٤٥٩‬‬ ‫‪...................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎﹰ ‪ :‬ﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ‪- t -‬‬
‫‪٤٥٩‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (١‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫‪٤٥٩‬‬ ‫‪..............................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪‬‬
‫‪٤٦٠‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٢‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫‪٤٦٠‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻤﺮ ‪- t -‬‬
‫‪٤٦١‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٣‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫‪٤٦١‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ - t -‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫‪٤٦٢‬‬ ‫‪...........................................................‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎﹰ ‪ :‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﻣﺼﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪﺭﻯ ‪- t -‬‬
‫‪٤٦٢‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫‪٤٦٣‬‬ ‫‪..........................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﻣﺼﻌﺐ ‪ - t -‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫‪٤٦٤‬‬ ‫‪...........................‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎﹰ ‪ :‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﺭﺑﻌﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ – ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ –‬
‫‪٤٦٤‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫‪٤٦٤‬‬ ‫‪...................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ ﻭﺇﺯﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫‪٤٦٦‬‬ ‫‪.............................................................‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎﹰ ‪ :‬ﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ‪- t -‬‬
‫‪٤٦٦‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (١‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫‪٤٦٦‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٢‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫‪٤٦٦‬‬ ‫‪...................................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٣‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫‪٤٦٦‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٤‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫‪٤٦٧‬‬ ‫‪...............................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺣﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻭﺭﺩ‪‬ﻩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬
‫‪٤٦٩‬‬ ‫‪....................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫‪٤٦٩‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗﻮﻃﺌـﺔ‬
‫‪٤٧١‬‬ ‫‪.................................................‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫‪٤٧١‬‬ ‫‪........‬‬ ‫)‪ - (١‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﻩ – ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ – ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻫﺮﻳـﲔ ﰲ ﺇﻧﻜﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﻖ‬
‫‪٤٧٢‬‬ ‫‪....‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٢‬ﻧﻘﺪﻩ ﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻤﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﳊﺎﺩ ﻭﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﷲ ‪U‬‬
‫‪٤٧٥‬‬ ‫‪..................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٣‬ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﱄ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﳊﺎﺩ ﻭﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٤٧٩‬‬ ‫‪...................................................‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎﹰ ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫‪٤٨٠‬‬ ‫‪....................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (١‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﻩ – ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ – ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺴﻲ‬
‫‪٤٨١‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٢‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‬
‫‪٤٨٢‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٣‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎﺩﻗﺔ‬
‫‪٤٨٣‬‬ ‫‪.......................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٤‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﺤﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫‪٤٨٣‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٥‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻬﺔ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬
‫‪٤٨٥‬‬ ‫‪.........................................‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎﹰ ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫‪٤٨٦‬‬ ‫‪.......................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (١‬ﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ – ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ – ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﳉﻬﻤﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻮﺍﺀ‬
‫‪٤٨٨‬‬ ‫‪............................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٢‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﳉﻬﻤﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮ‬
‫‪٤٩٠‬‬ ‫‪.............‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٣‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﻩ – ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ – ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﳉﻬﻤﻴﺔ ﺑـﺄﻥ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫‪٤٩١‬‬ ‫‪.............................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٤‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬
‫‪٤٩٤‬‬ ‫‪......................................‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎﹰ ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫‪٤٩٤‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻﹼ ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﺑﺄﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺃﳘﻬﺎ‬
‫‪٤٩٤‬‬ ‫‪....................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (١‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٤٩٤‬‬ ‫‪...............................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٢‬ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ‬
‫‪٤٩٤‬‬ ‫‪.............‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٣‬ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‬
‫‪٤٩٤‬‬ ‫‪.................................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٤‬ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮﺓ‬
‫‪٤٩٤‬‬ ‫‪.........................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٥‬ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٤٩٥‬‬ ‫‪...........................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٦‬ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳊﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٤٩٥‬‬ ‫‪...................................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٧‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬
‫‪٤٩٥‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٨‬ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٤٩٥‬‬ ‫‪....................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٩‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺭﺍﺓ ﻭﺍﻹﳒﻴﻞ‬
‫‪٤٩٥‬‬ ‫‪..........‬‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻻﻻﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺸﻬﺎﺩﺍﺗﻪ ﺑﺄﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫‪٥٠٢‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺟﻬﻞ ﻣﺜﲑﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻘﻮﻝ‬
‫‪٥٠٣‬‬ ‫‪........................................‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎﹰ ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ ﻭﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻧﺸﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻋﻬﺎ‬
‫‪٥٠٤‬‬ ‫‪................‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎﹰ ‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺷﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﺑﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻄﻼﻥ ﺷﺒﻬﺎ‪‬ﻤﺎ‬
‫‪٥٠٧‬‬ ‫‪............................................................‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎﹰ ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺍﺀ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫‪٥٠٩‬‬ ‫‪....................................‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﺎﹰ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ ﲝﺠﺘﻪ ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﲟﺎ ﳝﺎﺛﻠﻪ‬
‫‪٥١١‬‬ ‫‪.........................................................‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎﹰ ‪ :‬ﻧﻘﺾ ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪﻫﻢ‬
‫‪٥١٤‬‬ ‫‪.............................................‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎﹰ ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫‪٥١٤‬‬ ‫‪.........................................................‬‬ ‫)ﺃ( ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺩﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫‪٥١٥‬‬ ‫‪..................................................‬‬ ‫)ﺏ( – ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺠﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺒﻪ‬
‫‪٥١٦‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫‪٥١٦‬‬ ‫‪....................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ‬
‫‪٥١٧‬‬ ‫‪.......................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫‪٥١٧‬‬ ‫‪.........................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (١‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٥١٧‬‬ ‫‪...............................................................................‬‬ ‫)ﺃ( – ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٥١٩‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................................‬‬ ‫)ﺏ( – ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ‬
‫‪٥١٩‬‬ ‫‪.................................................................................‬‬ ‫)ﺝ( – ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ‬
‫‪٥٢٠‬‬ ‫‪...............................................................................‬‬ ‫)ﺩ( – ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﺴﻲ‬
‫‪٥٢٢‬‬ ‫‪.........................................................‬‬ ‫)ﻫـ( – ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮﺓ ﻭﻣﺪﻟﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫‪٥٢٣‬‬ ‫‪...............................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٢‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ‬
‫‪٥٢٤‬‬ ‫‪.................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٣‬ﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺫﻳﺐ ﻭﺑﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫‪٥٢٦‬‬ ‫‪................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٤‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﲑﺓ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻭﻳﻞ ﻭﺷﻜﻮﻛﻬﻢ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺎﻻ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺃﺩﻟﺘﻬﻢ‬
‫‪٥٢٨‬‬ ‫‪.......................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٥‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪٥٢٨‬‬ ‫‪..............................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٦‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫‪٥٢٩‬‬ ‫‪......................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٧‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﺗﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ ﲟﺎ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻲ‬
‫‪٥٢٩‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٨‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺯﻡ ﺍﳋﻄﲑﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸـﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﰲ‬
‫‪٥٣٤‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ‪.............................................................................‬‬

‫‪٥٣٩‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬

‫‪٥٣٩‬‬ ‫‪...............................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (١‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫‪٥٤٠‬‬ ‫‪........................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٢‬ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓـﺔ‬
‫‪٥٤١‬‬ ‫‪...............................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻛﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﲰﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٥٤١‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (١‬ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ‬
‫‪٥٤١‬‬ ‫‪..............................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٢‬ﺍﶈﺎﺿﺮﺓ‬
‫‪٥٤٢‬‬ ‫‪...............................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ - (٣‬ﺍﻹﺫﺍﻋـﺔ‬
‫‪٥٤٣‬‬ ‫‪..........................................................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﲰﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺮﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٥٤٣‬‬ ‫‪........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ‬
‫‪٥٤٤‬‬ ‫‪.................‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ) ‪( Internet‬‬
‫‪٥٤٥‬‬ ‫‪................................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (١‬ﺍﻟﻼﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫‪٥٤٦‬‬ ‫‪..............................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٢‬ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫‪٥٤٦‬‬ ‫‪................................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٣‬ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٥٤٦‬‬ ‫‪...................................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٤‬ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٥٤٧‬‬ ‫‪....................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٥‬ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫‪٥٤٧‬‬ ‫‪.................................................................................‬‬ ‫)‪ – (٦‬ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫‪٥٤٧‬‬ ‫‪...................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﳌﺎﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ؟‬

‫ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ‬
‫‪٥٥٠‬‬ ‫‪......................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺃ – ﺃﻫـﻢ ﻧﺘـﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫‪٥٥٢‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺏ – ﺃﻫـﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺎﺭﺱ‬
‫‪٥٥٦‬‬ ‫‪................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ – ١‬ﻓﻬـﺮﺱ ﺍﻵﻳـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻧﻴـﺔ‬
‫‪٥٩٥‬‬ ‫‪............................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ – ٢‬ﻓﻬـﺮﺱ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻵﺛـﺎﺭ‬
‫‪٦٠٢‬‬ ‫‪............................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ – ٣‬ﻓﻬـﺮﺱ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﳌﹶـﺘ‪‬ﺮﺟ‪‬ﻢ ﳍﻢ‬
‫‪٦٠٥‬‬ ‫‪...............................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ - ٤‬ﺍﳌﺼـﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻟـﻤـﺮﺍﺟـﻊ‬
‫‪٦٣٠‬‬ ‫‪...........................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ – ٥‬ﻓﻬـﺮﺱ ﺍﳌـﻮﺿـﻮﻋـﺎﺕ‬