P

a common base of 100 MVA and 22 kV on the generator side. Draw an impedance
diagram with all impedances including the load impedance marked in per-unit. The
maufacturer's data for each device is given as follow:

Ti T2
Line 1
220 kV

Line 2
110kV
Load

FIGURE 3.29
One-line diagram for Example 3.7.

G: 90 MVA 22 kV X=18 %
T1: 50 MVA 22/220 kV X = 10 %
T2: 40 MVA 220/11 kV X =6.0 %
T: 40 MVA 22/110 kV X = 6.4 %%
Ta: 40 MVA 110/11 kVN X = 8.0 %
M: 6.5 MVA 10.45 kV X = 18.5 %

The three-phase load at bus 4 absorbs 57 MVA, 0.6 power factor lagging at 10.45
kV. Line 1 and line 2 have reactances of 48.4 and 65.43 , respectively.

First, the voltage bases must be determined for all sections of the network. The
generator rated voltage is given as the base voltage at bus 1. This fixes the voltage
bases for the remaining buses in accordance to the transformer tums ratios. The
base voltage Ve1 on the LV side of T is 22 kV. Hence tbe base on its HV side is

Ve 22()=20 kv
This fixes the base on the HV side of Th at VB3=220 kV, and on its LV side at

Vp-220m=11 kv

Similarly, the voltage base at buses 5 and 6 are

Vss=Vs=22(=110 kv
 Ves Vas 22 110 kv

Since generator and transfomer voltage bases are the same as their ral
their per-unit reactances on a 100 MVA base, from (3.92) are

G: X=0.18(0 =0.20 pu
90
T: X = 0.10( = 0.20 pu
50
Th: X = 0.06( =0.15 pu
40
Ta: X = 0.064(40 = 0.16 pu

TA: X = 0.08( ) = 0.2 pu

40
The motor reactance is expressed on its nameplate rating of 66.5 MVA4
kV. However, the base voltage at bus 4 for the motor is 11 kV. From
motor reactance on a 100 MVA, 11-kV base is

M: X-0.185 )-025 p
Impedance bases for lines 1 and 2, from (3.81) are

B2= 220)2
484 N
100

Zp5 (110)=
100 121
Line 1 and 2 per-unit reactances are

Line 1: X =( = 0.10 pu
Line 2: X = ( = 0.54 pu

The load apparent power at 0.6 power factor lagging is given by

St(36)=57453.13° MVA

Hence, the load impedance in ohms is

Z= )2 (10.45)2 n
iss) 57-53.13 .1495 +ji.53267
Hence, the load impedance in ohms is

ap to view (10.45)
14954jl532
57Z-53.13

The base impedance for the load is

ZB4 (11)?
100
1.21 Q

Therefore, the load impedance in per-unit is

1.1495 +j1.53267
= 0.95+j1.2667 pu
4L(p)= 1.21
The per-unit equivalent circuit is shown in Figure 3.30.

j0.20 j0.10 j0.15 4

j0.16 j0.54 j0.20

m- m
j0.23 3j0.25
0.955 (M) E
j1.2667

FIGURE 3.30
Per-unit impedance diagram for Example 3.7.

Example 3.8
The motor of Example 3.7 operates at full-load 0.8 power factor leading at a termi-
nal voltage of 10.45 kV.

(a) Determine the voltage at the generator bus bar (bus 1).
(b) Determine the generator and the motor internal emfs.

(a) The per-unit voltage at bus 4, taken as reference is

10.45
VA11 =
0.950° pu
The motor apparent power at 0.8 power factor leading is given by

Sm -36.87
100 pu