Name: PITOGO, CHANIE B.

Date: OCTOBER 27, 2020

Degree/Year: BSED SCIENCE 1B NIGHT Score: _______________

Activity 2
Acids and Bases

Answer the following questions briefly.

1. It takes 30.0 mL of 1.25 M NaOH to neutralize 200 mL of 0.625 M citric acid. Is citric acid
monoprotic, diprotic or triprotic?

Citric acid (C6H8O7) is a tripotic because it can make three distinct proton donation each
with a unique Ka.

2. Will the addition of sodium fluoride to pure water reduce its pH? Explain your answer.

For me it’s a yes, because it is also used to fluorinate water supplies in cleaning compounds
and for many other uses. As we all know, sodium fluoride is a colorless crystalline solid or white
powder or the solid dissolved in liquid.

3. You have a skin burn from an acid. What are you going to use to neutralize it, baking soda
(NaHCO3) or lye (NaOH)? Why?

Baking soda (NaHCO3) is neutralizing acids, including strong varieties such as

hydrochloric acid. When you mix baking soda, a mild base with acids, a chemical reaction turns
the acids into harmless by products such as salt and carbon dioxide. Knowing how to use baking
soda is simple. With the right supplies and directions, you can safely neutralize hydrochloric
acid. If you have any doubts about remaining acid, simply add more baking soda solution. The
baking soda is safe, but there’s little harm in overdoing it.

4. How does a strong acid differ from a weak acid? A strong base from a weak base?

Strong acids dissociates fully in water to produce the maximum number of H+ ions. This
means if you had one mole of hydrochloric acid (HCl) molecules, they would all split to form
one mole of H+ ions and one mole of Cl- ions while weak acids, do not fully dissociate. In fact,
about one only percent of ethanoic acid molecules split up to form H+ ions and CH3COO- ions
at any one time. This means that the pH values of strong acids are lower than that of weak acids,
which explains why the rate of reaction of strong acids substances is higher than that of weak
acids.

A strong base is a base that ionizes of dissociates almost 100% in water to form OH- ion.
For example is the sodium hydroxide. It dissociates in water to form sodium ion and hydroxide
ion while the weak base is a base that ionizes or dissociates only partially in water to form OH-
ion. An example for this is ammonia. It only dissociates partially to form ammonia hydroxide.

5. What are the causes and consequences of acid rain?

It is a natural phenomenon caused by chemicals emitted during volcanic eruptions, the

decomposition of plants, and other causes. However, the majority of acid rain today is caused by
human activity, such as burning fossil fuels (petroleum and coal) that come from factories,
vehicles, power plants, and boilers.
Burning fossil fuels generates nitrogen oxide and dioxide and sulphur trioxide that are released
into the atmosphere. These react in the atmosphere with suspended droplets and other substances
and generate acid rain, which can spread across hundreds of miles.
Although collective imaginary makes us think of rain that corrodes the skin, the effect of
acid rain is less spectacular, but that does not mean it is less harmful. Firstly, acid rain has a fatal
effect on bodies of water such as lakes, rivers and oceans, as it changes their acidity level and
destroys algae and plankton, and increases fish mortality. Forests are another of its victims, as it
wipes out nitrogen-fixing micro-organisms and directly destroys leaves and branches on contact.
Acid rain not only affects organic elements, buildings and infrastructures also suffer. The acidity
dissolves the calcium carbonate and damages marble and limestone, eroding monuments and
statues. It is also a scourge on farming areas, as it deionises the soil, decreasing the quality and
causing stress to plants. This makes them vulnerable to infestation. In addition, it changes and
deteriorates the natural conditions of aquatic eco-systems, affecting the food chain and a
significant number of species.

REFERENCES:

https://socratic.org/questions/what-is-the-difference-between-a-strong-ba-and-a-weak-
base#:~:text=A%20strong%20base%20is%20a,to%20form%20OH%E2%88%92%20ion.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zrx3rwx/revision/3#:~:text=Strong%20and%20weak
%20acids,maximum%20number%20of%20H%20%2B%20ions.&text=Weak%20acids%2C
%20such%20as%20ethanoic,)%2C%20do%20not%20fully%20dissociate.

https://ingeoexpert.com/en/blog/2018/10/19/what-is-acid-rain/