Republic of the Philippines

CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY-CCAT CAMPUS

Rosario, Cavite
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

FLUID MECHANICS
ENSC – 26A

THIRD MODULE AND ACTIVITY

ENGR. LEANDRO T. SAAVEDRA

LECTURER

September 2020
First Semester
 OPEN MANOMETER

Activity Number 5

In figure, find the pressure at m when:

a) Fluid A is water, fluid B is carbon tetrachloride (sp gr 1.60),

z=22∈, y=12∈¿.

b) Fluid A is oil (sp gr 0.915), B is water, z=8.5∈, y=42∈¿.

2 Module 3 and Activity 3 ENSC 26A

Fluid A

z
m

Fluid B

FLUID MECHANICS ENGR. LEANDRO T. SAAVEDRA

 HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE ON SURFACES

Total Pressure on Plane Surfaces. The total hydrostatic pressure on any plane
surface is equal to the product of the area of the surface and the unit pressure at
its center of gravity.

Center of Pressure on Plane Surfaces. Any plane surface subjected to

hydrostatic pressure is acted upon by an infinite number of parallel forces the
magnitudes of which vary with the depth, below the free surface, of the various
infinitesimal areas on which the respective forces act. These parallel forces may
be replaced by a single resultant force P. the point on the surface at which this
resultant force acts is called the center of pressure.

3 Module 3 and Activity 3 ENSC 26A

Pressure on Plane Surface

FLUID MECHANICS ENGR. LEANDRO T. SAAVEDRA

 P=w h́ A

Ig
e=
Ss

Is
Y p=
Ss

Where:

e – perpendicular distance between horizontal axes through center of

gravity and center of pressure and lying in plane of area.

I g – moment of inertia of area with respect to the horizontal axis
through
its, center of gravity and lying in its plane.
Ss – moment of area with respect to the line in which the area extended

cuts the surface of the liquid.

I s– moment of inertia of plane with respect to the water surface
4 Module 3 and Activity 3 ENSC 26A

Ss =Ah

3
I g=¿ Rectangle ¿ b h
12

π R4
Circle ¿
4

b h3
Right Triangle ¿ I =
36

b h2 2
I s= + A ý (Rectangle)
12

FLUID MECHANICS ENGR. LEANDRO T. SAAVEDRA

 Problem Number 1.

A vertical gate 4 ft wide and 6 ft high is subject to water pressure under a head
of water 10 ft above the top of the gate. Compute the total pressure on the gate
and the location of the center of pressure.

Water Surface

10 ft

5 Module 3 and Activity 3 ENSC 26A

c .g. 6 ft
e
c . p.

4 ft

P=w h́ A

P=62.4 ( 10+3 ) ( 6× 4 )

P=19,468.8 lb

1
I g= ( 4 ) ( 6 )3=72 ft4
12

FLUID MECHANICS ENGR. LEANDRO T. SAAVEDRA

 Ss =A h́=24 ( 13 )=312 ft3

72 ft 4
e= =0.23 ft
312 ft 3

0.23+13=13.23 ft below the water surface

Activity Number 6

A 3 ft square plane surface is to be placed vertically below the water surface.

The immersion is such that the two edges of the square are horizontal. If it is
desired that the center of pressure be 2 inches from the center of gravity of the
plane area, how far below the water should the center of gravity of the
immersed plane surface be? In this position what is the total pressure acting
upon it?
6 Module 3 and Activity 3 ENSC 26A

Figure:

Water Surface

ħ
3 ft

3 ft c.g. 1
E = 2 in = 6
c.p.

FLUID MECHANICS ENGR. LEANDRO T. SAAVEDRA

 Activity Number 7

A vertical rectangular sliding gate at the bottom of the dam is 0.60 m wide and
1.8 m high and exposed to water pressure on one side corresponding to a head
of 15 m above its center. Assuming the gate on stem to weight 2230 N and the
coefficient of friction of the gate on runners to be 0.25, find the force necessary
to raise its.
T

Water Surface

15 m
7 Module 30.6
andm Activity 3 ENSC 26A

2230 N 1.8 m

FLUID MECHANICS ENGR. LEANDRO T. SAAVEDRA

 Activity Number 8

A vertical gate 1.6 m wide and 2.00 m high has water on one side and is
inclined 45 ° with the horizontal. Water is 1.50 meters above the top of the gate.

a) Compute the pressure acting on the gate and its location

b) If the gate is hinged at the top (B), what force is needed at the bottom (A)
to open the gate?

Water Surface

8 Module 3 and Activity 3 ENSC 26A

FLUID MECHANICS ENGR. LEANDRO T. SAAVEDRA

 ý
1.5 m

h́

B (Hinged)
P e

45 °

9 Module 3 and Activity 3 ENSC 26A

FLUID MECHANICS ENGR. LEANDRO T. SAAVEDRA