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Lecture 6
Circular
Motion
Assist. Prof. Dr. Ali ÖVGÜN
EMU Physics Department
www.aovgun.com
Equilibrium, Example 1
q What is the smallest value of the force F such
that the 2.0-kg block will not slide down the
wall? The coefficient of static friction between
the block and the wall is 0.2. ?
f
N F F
mg
q Acceleration: v2
ac =
n Magnitude: r
n directed toward the center of
the circle of motion
q Period:
n time interval required for one
complete revolution of the 2pr
particle T=
v
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Centripetal Force
q Acceleration: v2 ! ! ! !
Magnitude:
ac = ac ^ v Fnet ^ v
n r
n Direction: toward the center of
the circle of motion !
ac =
v2
r !
q Force: Fnet Fnet
n Start from Newton’s 2nd Law
! ! !
Fnet = ma Fnet
n Magnitude:
mv 2
Fnet = mac =
r
! !
n Direction: toward the center of ac || Fnet
the circle of motion
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What provides Centripetal
Force ?
q Centripetal force is not a new kind of force
q Centripetal force refers to any force that keeps
an object following a circular path mv 2
Fc = mac =
r
q Centripetal force is a combination of
n Gravitational force mg: downward to the ground
n Normal force N: perpendicular to the surface
n Tension force T: along the cord and away from
object
n Static friction force: fsmax = µsN
N
Fnet = T = ma
a v
2
mv
T=
r
mg
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Problem Solving Strategy
q Draw a free body diagram, showing and labeling all
the forces acting on the object(s)
q Choose a coordinate system that has one axis
perpendicular to the circular path and the other axis
tangent to the circular path
q Find the net force toward the center of the circular
path (this is the force that causes the centripetal
acceleration, FC)
q Use Newton’s second law
n The directions will be radial, normal, and tangential
n The acceleration in the radial direction will be the centripetal
acceleration
q Solve for the unknown(s)
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Vertical Circular Motion
q In vertical circular motion the
gravitational force must also
be considered. An example of
vertical circular motion is the
vertical “loop-the-loop”
motorcycle stunt. Normally,
the motorcycle speed will vary
around the loop.
q The normal force, FN, and the
weight of the cycle and rider,
mg, are shown at four October 24, 2019
locations around the loop.
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q There is a minimum speed the rider must have at
point 3 in order to stay on the loop.
q This speed may be found by setting in the
centripetal force equation or point 3, i.e. in
T θ
mg
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The Conical Pendulum
q Find v and a
m = 5 kg L =5m r =2m mv 2
T sin q =
åF y = T cosq - mg = 0 r
T cosq = mg
T cosq = mg
2 v2
mv tan q =
å Fx = T sin q = r gr
r v = rg tan q
sin q = = 0.4
L v = Lg sin q tan q = 2.9 m/s
r
tan q = = 0.44 v2
L -r
2 2
a= = g tan q = 4.3 m/s2
r
R=25.5m
Problem 3:
v=4 m/s
Problem 4:
R=39.24 m
Problem 5:
v=4.1 m/s
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Problem 6:
A string under a tension of 50.0 N is used to whirl a rock in a horizontal circle of radius 2.50 m at
a speed of 20.4 m/s on a frictionless surface as shown in Figure. As the string is pulled in, the
speed of the rock increases. When the string on the table is 1.00 m long and the speed of the
rock is 51.0 m/s, the string breaks. What is the breaking strength, in newtons, of the string?
Problem 7:
A puck of mass m1 is tied to a string and allowed to revolve in a circle of radius R
on a frictionless, horizontal table. The other end of the string passes through a
small hole in the center of the table, and an object of mass m2 is tied to it Fig.
The suspended object remains in equilibrium while the puck on the tabletop
revolves. Find symbolic expressions for (a) the tension in the string, (b) the radial
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force acting on the puck, and (c) the speed of the puck.
Problem 8:
Problem 9:
Problem 11: