𝑥= Mathematics

−𝑏 ± 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
2𝑎
1 1
cos 𝛼 + cos 𝛽 = 2 cos 𝛼 + 𝛽 cos 𝛼 − 𝛽
2 2
Real Number

Lacture-03

NCERT Chapter-1
Class:10th

1 1 𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥3
sin 𝛼 ± sin 𝛽 = 2 sin 𝛼 ± 𝛽 cos 𝛼 ∓ 𝛽 𝑒𝑥 =1+ + + +⋯ , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞
2 2 1! 2! 3!
1
 Question for Practices (H.W) Previous
𝑥=
−𝑏 ± 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
2𝑎
1 1
cos 𝛼 + cos 𝛽 = 2 cos 𝛼 + 𝛽 cos 𝛼 − 𝛽
2 2
1) Write whether every positive integer can be of the form 4q + 2, where q is
an integer. Justify your answer.
2) “The product of two consecutive positive integers is divisible by 2”. Is this
statement true or false? Give reasons.
3) “The product of three consecutive positive integers is divisible by 6”. Is
this statement true or false”? Justify your answer.
4) Write whether the square of any positive integer can be of the form 3m +
2, where m is a natural number. Justify your answer
1 1 𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥3
sin 𝛼 ± sin 𝛽 = 2 sin 𝛼 ± 𝛽 cos 𝛼 ∓ 𝛽 𝑒𝑥 =1+ + + +⋯ , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞
2 2 1! 2! 3!
18-Apr-20 A.K Mathematics & Science 2
 Home Works Analysis
𝑥=
−𝑏 ± 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
2𝑎
1 1
cos 𝛼 + cos 𝛽 = 2 cos 𝛼 + 𝛽 cos 𝛼 − 𝛽
Q 1. 2
Write whether every positive integer can be of the form 4q + 2, where q is an integer. 2 answer.
Justify your
Solution:
Let us a is a positive integer.
We apply the division algorithm with a and b = 4 (let).
a=bq+r where 0 ≤ r < b.
Since 0 ≤ r < 4, the possible remainders are 0,1,2 and 3.
That is, a can be 4q , when b=4, r=0 I

or 4q+1, when b=4, r=1 II

or 4q+2 when b=4, r=2 , where q is the quotient. III

or 4q+3 when b=4, r=3 , where q is the quotient. IV

From Eqn (I), Eqn (II), Eqn (III) and Eqn (IV) it seen that the every positive integer not
only in the form of 4q+2.
1 1 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥3
sin 𝛼 ±But
sin 𝛽it=of2 sin
the2form
𝛼 ± 𝛽ofcos
4q2 (for
𝛼 ∓ 𝛽Even Positive Integer 𝑒 divisible
= 1 + +by 4)
+ +⋯ , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞
1! 2! 3!
or 4q+1, or 4q+3 (for Odd Positive Integer not divisible by 4)
18-Apr-20 A.K Mathematics & Science 3
or 4q+2(for Even Positive Integer not divisible by 4)
 Cont.…
𝑥=
−𝑏 ± 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
2𝑎
1 1
cos 𝛼 + cos 𝛽 = 2 cos 𝛼 + 𝛽 cos 𝛼 − 𝛽
2 2
Justification
A/Q
Let every positive integer ‘N’ can be of the form a=4q + 2, where q is an integer.
N=4q+2
If q=0
N=4x0+2=2
If q=1
N=4x1+2=6
If q=2
N=4x2+2=10
We can notice that numbers which are even and are not divisible by 4 can be written of the
form 4q+2. 1 1 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥3
sin 𝛼 ± sin 𝛽 = 2 sin 𝛼 ± 𝛽 cos 𝛼 ∓ 𝛽 𝑒 =1+ + + +⋯ , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞
So, we can conclude
2 that
2 positive integer can not be written
1! of2!the3!form 4q+2.
18-Apr-20 A.K Mathematics & Science 4
 Home Works Analysis
𝑥=
−𝑏 ± 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
2𝑎
1 1
cos 𝛼 + cos 𝛽 = 2 cos 𝛼 + 𝛽 cos 𝛼 − 𝛽
Q 2. “The product of two consecutive positive integers is divisible 2 2”. Is this
by 2 statement
true or false? Give reasons.
Solution:
Let the two consecutive positive integers are q and q+1
Now
A/Q
Product of the number two consecutive positive integers =q.(q+1)
For any positive consecutive integer one of the two number must be divisible by 2
Hence their product also divisible by 2.

1 1 𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥3
sin 𝛼 ± sin 𝛽 = 2 sin 𝛼 ± 𝛽 cos 𝛼 ∓ 𝛽 𝑒𝑥 =1+ + + +⋯ , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞
2 2 1! 2! 3!
18-Apr-20 A.K Mathematics & Science 5
 Home Works Analysis
𝑥=
−𝑏 ± 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
2𝑎
1 1
cos 𝛼 + cos 𝛽 = 2 cos 𝛼 + 𝛽 cos 𝛼 − 𝛽
Q 3. “The product of three consecutive positive integers is divisible by 6”. Is this statement true or
2 false”? Justify
2 your answer.
Solution:
Let the two consecutive positive integers are q, q+1 and q+2
Now
A/Q Product of the number two consecutive positive integers =q.(q+1).(q+2)
For any positive consecutive integer one of the two number must be divisible by 2 and another one must be
divisible by 3.
Hence, their product is divisible by 6.
Justification:
If the first positive integer q=1, then q+1=2 and q+2=3
product of the all three consecutive positive integer=q.(q+1).(q+2)
=1x2x3
=6 is divisible by 6
If the first positive integer q=3, then q+1=4 and q+2=5
product 1of the all three 𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥3
1 consecutive positive integer=q.(q+1).(q+2)
𝑥
sin 𝛼 ± sin 𝛽 = 2 sin 𝛼 ± 𝛽 cos 𝛼 ∓ 𝛽 𝑒 =1+ + + +⋯ , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞
2 2 =3x4x5 1! 2! 3!
18-Apr-20 A.K Mathematics & Science
=60 is divisible by6 6
 −𝑏 ± 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= Home Works Analysis
2𝑎
1 1
cos 𝛼 + cos 𝛽 = 2 cos 𝛼 + 𝛽 cos 𝛼−𝛽
Q4. Write whether the square of any positive integer can be of the form 3m + 2, where m is a natural number. Justify your answer
2 2
Solution:
Let the positive integer is a
By Euclid’s Division lemma a=bq+r where 0< r<b
We apply the division algorithm with a and b = 3(let)
a=3q+r where 0< r<3
Since 0 ≤ r < 3, the possible remainders are 0,1 and 2.
So any positive integer is of the form of 3q or 3q+1 or 3q+2
Now square of positive integer a2=(3q)2=9q2=3m (where ,m= 3q2) I

Or a2=(3q+1)2
= 3.3q2 +2.3q .1+1
=3(3q 2+2q)+1
1 1 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥3
sin 𝛼 ± sin 𝛽 = 2 sin 𝛼 ±=𝛽3m
cos+1𝛼 ∓ 𝛽 (where ,m= 3q2+2q) 𝑒 =1+ + + +⋯ , −∞ <
II 𝑥 < ∞
2 2 1! 2! 3!
18-Apr-20 A.K Mathematics & Science 7
 −𝑏 ± 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= Home Works Analysis
2𝑎
1 1
cos 𝛼 + cos 𝛽 = 2 cos 𝛼 + 𝛽 cos 𝛼 − 𝛽
Solution: 2 2

Or a2=(3q+2)2
= 3.3q2 +2.3q .2+4
=3(3q2+4q)+3+1
= 3m +1 (where ,m= (3q2+4q)+1) III

So From Eqn (I), Eqn (II) and Eqn (III) square of any positive integer is
of the form of 3m or 3m+1 .
Hence , square of any positive can not be of the form of 3m+2
1 1 𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥3
sin 𝛼 ± sin 𝛽 = 2 sin 𝛼 ± 𝛽 cos 𝛼 ∓ 𝛽 𝑒𝑥 =1+ + + +⋯ , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞
2 2 1! 2! 3!
18-Apr-20 A.K Mathematics & Science 8
 −𝑏 ± 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
Home Work (EXERCISE 1.2)(Previous)
𝑥=
2𝑎
1 1
cos 𝛼 + cos 𝛽 = 2 cos 𝛼 + 𝛽 cos 𝛼 − 𝛽
1. Express each number as a product of its prime factors: 2 2
(i) 140 (ii) 156 (iii) 3825 (iv) 5005 (v) 7429
2. Find the LCM and HCF of the following pairs of integers and verify that
LCM × HCF =product of the two numbers.
(i) 26 and 91 (ii) 510 and 92 (iii) 336 and 54
3. Find the LCM and HCF of the following integers by applying the prime
factorization method.
(i) 12, 15 and 21 (ii) 17, 23 and 29 (iii) 8, 9 and 25
4. Given that HCF (306, 657) = 9, find LCM (306, 657).
5. Check whether 6n can end with the digit 0 for any natural number n.
6. Explain why 7 × 11 × 13 + 13 and 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 5 are composite
numbers.
7. There is a circular path around a sports field. Sonia takes 18 minutes to drive
one round 1 of the field,
1 while Ravi takes 12 minutes
𝑥 for
𝑥 the𝑥 2 same.
𝑥3 Suppose they
sin 𝛼 ± sin 𝛽 = 2 sin 𝛼 ± 𝛽
both start2at the samecos 𝛼 ∓ 𝛽 𝑒 = 1 + + + + ⋯ , −∞ < 𝑥<∞
2 point and at the same time, and1!go 2! in the3! same direction.
After how many minutes will they meet again at the starting point?
A.K Mathematics & Science 9
 −𝑏 ± 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
Home Work (EXERCISE 1.2) (Previous)
𝑥=
2𝑎
1 1
cos 𝛼 + cos 𝛽 = 2 cos 𝛼 + 𝛽 cos 𝛼 − 𝛽
2 2

1 1 𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥3
sin 𝛼 ± sin 𝛽 = 2 sin 𝛼 ± 𝛽 cos 𝛼 ∓ 𝛽 𝑒𝑥 =1+ + + +⋯ , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞
2 2 1! 2! 3!
A.K Mathematics & Science 10
 −𝑏 ± 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= Home Works Analysis
2𝑎
1 1
Q.6 Explain why 7 × 11 × 13 + 13 and 7 × 6 × 5 cos 𝛼 + cos 𝛽 = 2 cos 𝛼 + 𝛽 cos
× 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 52 are composite 𝛼−𝛽
2
numbers.
Solution:
Definition of Composite No.: The number which have factors other than one and
itself.
Here
7 × 11 × 13 + 13=13 × (7 ×11 +1)
=13 ×78
=13 ×13 ×6 I
And
7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 5= 5 × (7 × 6 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 5) II

From Eqn (I) and Eqn (II) both have factor other than one and itself
1 1 𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥3
sin 𝛼 ±So
sin 𝛽both expression
= 2 sin are composite
𝛼 ± 𝛽 cos 𝛼∓𝛽 number. 𝑥
𝑒 =1+ + + +⋯ , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞
2 2 1! 2! 3!
18-Apr-20 A.K Mathematics & Science 11
 −𝑏 ± 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= Home Works Analysis
2𝑎
1 1
Choose the correct answer from the given four cos 𝛼 + cos 𝛽 = 2 cos 𝛼 +
options in the following questions:𝛽 cos 𝛼−𝛽
2 2
1. For some integer m, every even integer is of the form
(A) m (B) m + 1
(C) 2m (D) 2m + 1
2. For some integer q, every odd integer is of the form
(A) q (B) q + 1
(C) 2q (D) 2q + 1
3. n2 – 1 is divisible by 8, if n is
(A) an integer (B) a natural number
(C) an odd integer (D) an even integer
4. If the HCF of 65 and 117 is expressible in the form 65m – 117, then the value of m is
(A) 4 (B) 2
2 3
1 1 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
sin 𝛼 ± sin 𝛽 = 2(C)
sin 1 𝛼 ± 𝛽 cos 𝛼 ∓ 𝛽 (D) 3 𝑥
𝑒 =1+ + + +⋯ , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞
2 2 1! 2! 3!
18-Apr-20 A.K Mathematics & Science 12
 −𝑏 ± 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= Home Works Analysis
2𝑎
1 1
cos 𝛼 + cos 𝛽 = 2 cos
5. The largest number which divides 70 and 125, leaving remainders 5 and 8,respectively,2is 𝛼 + 𝛽 cos 𝛼−𝛽
2
(A) 13 (B) 65
(C) 875 (D) 1750
6. If two positive integers a and b are written as a = x3y2 and b = xy3; x, y are prime numbers, then HCF (a, b) is
(A) xy (B) xy2 (C) x3y3 (D) x2y2
7. If two positive integers p and q can be expressed as p = ab2 and q = a3b; a, b being prime numbers, then
LCM (p, q) is
(A) ab (B) a2b2 (C) a3b2 (D) a3b3
8. The product of a non-zero rational and an irrational number is
(A) always irrational (B) always rational
(C) rational or irrational (D) one
9. The least number that is divisible by all the numbers from 1 to 10 (both inclusive) is
(A) 10 (B) 100 (C) 504 (D) 2520
10. The decimal expansion of the rational number 14587/1250 will terminate after:
(A) 1 decimal place
one 1 (B) two decimal𝑥places 𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥3
sin 𝛼 ± sin 𝛽 = 2 sin 𝛼 ± 𝛽 cos 𝛼 ∓ 𝛽 𝑒 =1+ + + +⋯ , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞
2 2
(C) three decimal places (D) four decimal places 1! 2! 3!
18-Apr-20 A.K Mathematics & Science 13
 −𝑏 ± 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= Home Works Analysis
2𝑎
1 1
cos 𝛼 + cos 𝛽 = 2 cos 𝛼 + 𝛽 cos 𝛼 − 𝛽
2 2

1 1 𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥3
sin 𝛼 ± sin 𝛽 = 2 sin 𝛼 ± 𝛽 cos 𝛼 ∓ 𝛽 𝑒𝑥 =1+ + + +⋯ , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞
2 2 1! 2! 3!
18-Apr-20 A.K Mathematics & Science 14
 −𝑏 ± 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= Home Works Analysis
2𝑎
1 1
cos 𝛼 + cos 𝛽 = 2 cos 𝛼 + 𝛽 cos 𝛼 − 𝛽
2 2

1 1 𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥3
sin 𝛼 ± sin 𝛽 = 2 sin 𝛼 ± 𝛽 cos 𝛼 ∓ 𝛽 𝑒𝑥 =1+ + + +⋯ , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞
2 2 1! 2! 3!
18-Apr-20 15
 −𝑏 ± 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
Special Request
2𝑎
cos 𝛼 + cos 𝛽 = 2 cos
1 1
𝛼 + 𝛽 cos 𝛼 − 𝛽
2 2

STAY SAFE Thank You

STAY HOME
1 1 𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥3
sin 𝛼 ± sin 𝛽 = 2 sin 𝛼 ± 𝛽 cos 𝛼 ∓ 𝛽 𝑒𝑥 =1+ + + +⋯ , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞
2 2 1! 2! 3!
A.K Mathematics & Science 16