Yarmouk University

Civil Engineering Department

Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic
Laboratory
CE 354

Name :Marah ahmad shatnawi

ID #:2017988077

Section #:3

Experiment :HydrostaticForceandcenterof Pressureon a Plane

Surface .

Date of submission:5/11/2020

Notes :

Eng. Bayan AlOmari

 Table of content :
1. Partially immersed :
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 Totalmasson arm 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
(m), gm
2 Total weight on arm 9801 196.2 294.3 392.4 490.5 588.6 686.7 784.8
(W) , N
3 Depth ofwater 24 32 39 44 50 55 59 64
(y),mm
4 PracticalForce 0.1456 0.2953 0.4485 .6034 0.7625 0.9234 1.0852 1.2519
(FP) , N
5 Theoretical Force .197 0.351 0.522 0.664 0.858 1.038 1.195 1.406
(FT) , N
6 Absolute Difference 0.052 0.056 0.074 0.061 0.096 0.1146 0.11 0.155
between row4&
row5
7 Depth ofcenterof 16 21.333 26 29.333 33.333 36.666 39.3333 42.666
Pressure(Ycp), mm
8 Depth of center of 192 189.33 187 185.33 183.33 181.66 180.33 178.66
pressure from pivot
(Ycp’) , mm

2.fully immersed:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 Totalmasson arm 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280
(m), gm
2 Total weight on arm 2060.1 2158.2 2256.3 2354.4 2452.5 2550.6 2648.7 2746.8
(W) ,N
3 Depth ofwater 105 109 111 114 117 120 122 125
(y),mm
4 PracticalForce 3.555 3.747 3.929 4.116 4.303 4.489 4.672 4.859
(FP) , N
5 Theoretical Force 3.776 4.0515 4.1888 4.3948 4.6008 4.8069 4.9442 5.1502
(FT) , N
6 Absolute Difference 0.221 0.304 0.259 0.278 0.297 0.318 0.272 0.291
between row4&
row5
7 Depth ofcenterof 70.1515 73.1242 74.6612 77.0208 79.4378 81.9047 83.5740 86.111
Pressure(Ycp), mm
8 Depth of center of 165.15 164.12 163.66 163.02 162.43 161.904 161.574 161.11
pressure from pivot
(Ycp’) , mm

Eng. Bayan AlOmari

 Abstract:
Hydrostatic Pressure Systems allow for the measurement and
development of hydrostatic force and center of pressure equations
and values necessary to build and evaluate fluid systems Hydrostatic
force in steady state are the resultant of forces by pressure loading in
submerged surface of fluids . His pressure is same value to all
directions, it influenced by acceleration gravity, density, and height
on fluid. Force that happen on system just influenced by active
surface area.
The center of pressure is a point on the immersed surface at which the
resultant hydrostatic pressure force acts and it located under the center
of area.
So on this experiment we are going to calculate Hydrostatic Force and center
of Pressure on a Plane surface which are fundamental subjects in fluid
mechanics. .

Introduction :

Water at rest or in slowly move exerts a hydrostatic force on the

walls of dams, canals and against canal gates. This hydrostatic force
is differ from fluid force at the bottom of the dam or canal. it
changes with the height of water (submersion of the plane).

The hydrostatic force and center of pressure can be determined for

different water depths, with the quadrant’s vertical face either partially
or fully submerged.

Eng. Bayan AlOmari

 Materials and apparatus:

1.The Hydrostatic Pressure Apparatus

2.Water
3. Hydraulics Bench
4.Graduated Cylinder
5.jug

Procedure:

1.prepare Hydrostatic Pressure Apparatus and check if is completely

leveled .
2. This moment can be adding weight(initially from10g) to the weight
hanger, which is located at the left end of the balance arm, at a fixed
distance from the pivot, then to counterbalanced the weight by add
water to flask and we can get rid excess water by drain valve(in the
side of the tank) until the balance arm is horizontal .
3. read the depth of immersion from the scale on the face of the
quadrant.
4.continue increase in weight in hanger in 10 g increments
5.add more water until reaches the top of the upper scale on the
quadrant face.

Eng. Bayan AlOmari

 answer the following Questions:

1. Doesthederivation ofequation of the static forces dependonwhether the fluid is viscous

ornot? Explain briefly.

The viscosity property of liquid affect on it if the liquid in in dynamic state .

But the hydroststic force in static state.

2. Byexaminingthe equation:

Ycp = y`+Icg/(y`*A)
Which is deeper:the centerofpressure or the centerofarea?

Center of pressure

Whatistheeffectofwaterdepthonthedistancebetweencenterofpressureand
centerofarea?
if the depth of the water increases, the center of pressure increases
and statically the center of the area does not change
so, the distance increase too.

Eng. Bayan AlOmari

2. What isthe maximum and minimumdeference between raw (3) &raw (4) in the
calculationtables,atwhatdepthdoyouthink yourresultsbecomemoreaccurate,and why?

In partially immersed max= 0.155 at y= 64 ,min =0.052 at y= 24mm

In fully immersed ,max = 0.318 at 120mm ,min=0.221 at y= 105mm
More accurate result when the difference is the minimum .

4. Ifbecausethere is anerrorin levelingthe apparatus ,the watersurface was inclined byx°

fromthe horizontal.Howthis affects yourResults ?

that makes the hydrostatic force we get it in lab decrease

and affect on height was used to calculate.
5. Even there are surfacesotherthanthetorrid rectangularsurfaceare affected by
hydrostatic forces,whytheyare omittedfromthe calculations ?

Because this affect from water to parts of another surfaces are not not vertical .so
we get the moment about the pivot
And the force passes from the center vertically so don’t do moment .
.

Eng. Bayan AlOmari

Conclusion :

1. 4. the hydrostatic force acting on both partially and fully submerged vertical rectangular
surface increases as the height of the fluid (water) in the chamber increases
2.hydrostatic pressure influence by depths.
3. Engineers need to know how to predict and know this force to help understand the strength
and design of structures needed to resist it.

Sample of calculations :

For partially :
2
Ftheory¿ y2 ∗b∗ɤw
b h3
y 2
Ycp¿ 2 + 12 y ˭( 3 )∗ y
A∗( )
2
y
Ŷcp¿ a+ d− 3
mgl
Fpartial¿ Ŷcp

ABS difference =|Fpractical-Ftheory|

For fully:

d
Ftheory¿ ɤ∗( y− 2 )*(b*d)
d
ycp¿( y− 2 )+¿)
+ d2
d
Ŷcp¿ A+ 2 12( y − d )
3
WL
Fpractical¿ Ŷcp

Eng. Bayan AlOmari