rEsr coDE 02138020

FORM TP 20042sr MAY/ruNE 2OO4

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

ADVAN CED PROFI CIEN CY EXAMTNATION
PHYSICS

UNITl.PAPERO2
2 hours and 15 minutes

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFI]LLY

l. This paper consists of NINE questions.

2. SectionAconsists of THREE questions. Candidates must attemptAll questions

in this section. Answers for this section must be written in this answer booklet.

3. THREE questions
Section B consiss of SD( questions. Candidates must attempt
in this section, ONE question from EACH Module. Answers for this section
must be written in the answer booklet provided.

4. All working MUST be CLEARLY shown.

5. The use of non-programmable calculators is permitted.

Copyright @ 2m3 Caribbean Examinations Council.

All rights reserved.

o2r38020tcAPE 2004
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LIST OF PHYSICAL CONSTANTS

Universal gravitational constant G 6.67 x l0-rr N t] xe-'

Acceleration due to gravity I 9.80 m s-2

Radius of the Earth RE 6380 km

Mass of the Eanh ME 5.98 x 102a kg

Mass of the Moon MM 7.35 x Io22 kg

I Atmosphere Atm 1.00x10sNm-2

Boltzmann's constant k 1.38xlo-23JK-r

Density of water l.0o x 103 kg m-3

Thermal conductivity of copper 400 w m-r K-t

Specific heat capacity of aluminium 9t0 J kg-r K-r

Specific heat capacity of copper 382 J kg-r K-r

Specific heat capacity of water 4200J kg-t 6-t

Specific latent heat of fusion of ice 3.34x105Jkg-r

Specific latent heat of vaporization of water 2.26x106Jkg-r

Avogadro's constant NA 6.02 x 1023 per mole

Molar gas constant R 8.31 J K-r mol-r

Stefan-Boltzmann's constant 5.67 x 10-8 W m-2 K-o

Speed of light in vacuum 3.0x108ms-l

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02138020/CAPE 2004
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SECTIONA

Attempt ALL questions. You MUST write in this answer booklet. You must NOT spend more than
30 minutes on this section.

1.

Figure 1

A ball is released on an inclinedplane, Figure l, and the distance travelled is measured at interryals as it
rolls down the slope. A distance against time graph is drawn at Figure 2 on page 5.

(a) Find the gradient of the graph when t = 0.5 s.

[3 marks]

(b) Use data from the graph to find the acceleration of the ball.

[3 marks]

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02t38020tcAPE2W4
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(c) Why is the gradient of the graph greater immediately before 1.2 s than immediately after
1.2 s?

[3 marks]

(d) If further timings and displacements were taken after 1.8 s, would you expect the displacement
to become zero again? Explain your answer.

[l mark ]

Total 10 marks

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02r38020tcAPE2004
 -5-

Distance/time graph
Distance/m

1.8

L.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.3

t.2

1.1

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0.E

Figure 2

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02138020/CAPE 2004
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2. A tube with a variable length is closed at one end. A series of tuning forks is used to create
resonance at the fundamental frequency for various lengths of the tube. The results obtained are
shown in Table 1.

Table I
Fundamental Frequency, flHz 200 250 300 400 500

Length, Umm 406 322 264 t94 153

(a) On page 7, plot a graph of l/f against /, starting the scale on the / axis at 100 mm.
[4 marks]

o) Use the graph to find the speed of sound during the experiment.

[5 marks]

(c) Find the end connection for the tube.

[1mark ]

Total 10 marks

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02r38020tcAPB2004
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02t38020tcAPE 2004
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3. A teacher asks her student to determine the specific heat capacity of the 2 kg aluminium block
shown in Figure 3.

Heater

tl Aluminium block
tl
tl
tl
tl
t--l

Hole for thermometer

Figure 3

The student uses two heaters and each heater is rated at 100W. The student takes a series of
measurements of temperature, 0, of the block at time r. The data obtained are recorded in Table 2'

Table 2

Time, t / s 0 90 180 270 360 420

Temperature, 0 oC 27.t 37.2 47.0 56.8 67.O 71.3

(a) Plot a graph of temperature versus time for the block on the grid provided on page 9.
[3 marks]

(b) From your graph determine the specific heat capacity of aluminium.

[5 marks]

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02r38020tcAPE 2004
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o2r38020tcAPE 20@
 -10-

(c) What is the heat capacity of the block?

[1mark ]

(d) Suggest how the experiment might be improved.

[l mark ]

Total 10 marks

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02138020/CAPE 2004
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SECTION B

You must attempt THREE questions from this section. Choose ONE question EACH from
Module lr2 and 3. You MUST write your answers in the answer booklet provided.

MODULE 1

Answer EITHER Question 4 OR Question 5.

4. (a) What conditions are required for a body to undergo

(i) parabolic motion?

(ii) circularmotion? [4 marks]

(b) Explain what is meant by a 'geostationary satellite'. Show that the radius of the orbit of
a geostationary satellite is independent of its mass. [4 marks]

(c) A small mass of 0.60 kg is rotated at the end of a string in a horizontal circle of radius
1.20 m. The string will break if the tension exceeds 60 N. What is the GREATEST
frequency of rdvolution that is possible? [5 marks]

(d) The same mass of 0.60 kg is now rotated at the end of another string at a constant speed, v, in
a vertical circle of radius I .20 m. The minimum tension in the string is 2. I N.

(i) State and explain where the tension in the string is MAXIMUM and MINIMUM.

(ii) Find the speed of the mass. [7 marks]

Total20 marks

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02r38020tcAPE 2004
 -t2-

5. (a) (i) Define 'linear momentum' and state the principle of conservation of linear
momentum.

(ii) a) Distinguish between 'inelastic' collision and 'perfectly elastic' collisions.

b) Describe how the conservation of energy applies in EACH case.

(iii) Explain the meaning of the 'impulse of a force' and show the relation between
the impulse of a force in a body and the momentum of the body. [8 marks]

O) Two trolleys are used to investigate collisions. A trolley of mass 1.60 kg is pushed and hits a
second trolley, of mass 0.80 kg, which is moving in the same direction, but at a lower
speed. The experiment is repeated and the results are shown below.

ls Collision

Mass Speed before collision Speed after collision

l.6okg 0.70 ms-t 0.30 m s-r
0.80 kg 0.10 m s-r 0.89 m s-r

2'd Collision

Mass Speed before collision Speed after collision

l.6okg 0.60 m s-' 0.37 m s't
0.80kg 0.10 m s-' 0.57 m s-l

(i) Show whether or not the two sets of data are consistent with the law of conservation
of momentum.

(ii) Deterrnine whether the collisions are elastic or inelastic.

(iii) Why should the speeds be measured IMMEDIATELY before and after the
collisions?

(iv) The 1.60 kg trolley collided with another of the siune mass, moving with the same
speed, in the opposite direction.

a) What would be the TOTAL momentum after collision?

b) Explainyouranswer. [12 marksJ

Total20 marks

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02r38020tcAPE 2004
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MODULE 2

Answer EITHER Question 6 OR Question 7.

6. (a) (i) Explain what is meant by 'refraction of sound waves'.

(ii) Draw sketches to show the refraction of sound waves as the waves travel from
cool air to warmer air and from warm air to cooler air.

(iii) Hence explain why sound waves are more audible at night than in the day.
[8 marks]

(b) Figure 4 shows a tuning fork with a frequency of 44O Hz, held just above the top of a
uniform tube containing water. The tube can excite the column of air above the water,
whose level can be changed by a tap at the bottom of the tube. As the water is drained
out, the sound intensity of the fork is enhanced when the air column has a length of 0.6 m
and again when the air column has a height of lm.

Using these data, calculate a value for the speed of sound in air-

Figure 4

[4 marks]

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o2r38020tcAPE20@
 -14-

(c) Figure 5 shows two loudspeakers S, and S, separated by 0.50 m. These speakers are
connected to the output of an amplifier and they form sound waves with the same amplitude
at a frequency of precisely 44|Ji|: Hz. The amplifier emits two waves 180o out of phase. A
set of chairs is arranged in a semicircle 30.0 m from the speakers.

[Speed of sound in air = 330 m s-t]

Figure 5

(i) Calculate the amplitude of the wave at the chair on the perpendicular bisector
(centre line) of the line between the speakers.

(ii) At what MINIMUM distance, D, ro the right of this central chair is there a
MAXIMUM in the sound intensity? [g marks]

Total 20 marks

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02L38020/CAPE 2004
 -15-

7. (a) (i) Define 'simple harmonic motion' (S.H.M.) and write down an expression relating
acceleration to displacement in S.H.M.

(ii) Show that the time period of oscillation, T, of a simple pendulum of length / and
mass m is given by T = r" l+ where g is the acceleration due to gravity.
{" [g marks]

(b) A simple pendulum has a length of 2.0 m and a mass of 0.5 kg. It is hanging from the-
roof of a car that is travelling at 5 m s-r and banking a corner of radius 15 m.

(i) Calculate the time period of oscillation for the pendulum.

(ii) Ifthe car is now at rest, and the pendulum undergoes S.H.M, would its time
period be shorter or longer than that calculated in 7 (b) (i)? Explain your answer.
[6 marks]

(c) A particle undergoes S.H.M. in which the displacement in metres is given by

x=2x10-3sin3nr
(i) Determine the angular frequency of this oscillation.

(ii) Find the perid of this S.H.M.

(iii) Find at time t = 1.0 s

a) the displacement

b) the velocity

c) the acceleration. [6 marks]

Total20 marks

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02r38020tcAPE 2004
 -16-

MODULE 3

Answer EITIIER Question E OR Question 9.

8. (a) (i) State and explain the processes by which a hot body can lose heat to the
surroundings.

(ii) Explain the terms '.specific heat capacity' and 'specific latent heat' of fusion of a
material. [8 marks]

o) Figure 6 shows a furnace emitting radiation through a hole of area I .0 cm2.

n
'*^"/!'))
Figure 6

The radiation is absorbed by a pyrex beaker of mass 20 g containing 50 g of water and

30 g of ice in equilibrium. The temperature of the furnace is 150O"C and the specific heat
capacity of pyrex is 840 J kg-t K-t.

Calculate the time it will take for the beaker and its contents to be heated through zO"C.
[7 marks]

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o2r38020tcAPE2004
 -17 -

(c) The graph of Figure 7 refers to an experiment in which a crystalline material is heated at a
constantrate. The material melts at 85'C and the liquid is heated to 110"C. The specific heat
capacity of the crystalline state is 430 J kg-t K-'.

Temperaturt/oC
110

Figure 7

Calculate

(i) the specific latentheat of fusion of the material

(ii) the specific heat capacity of the material in the liquid phase. [5 marks]

Total20 marks

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02r38020tcAPE 2004
 -18-

9. (a) (i) State the frst law of thermodynamics in the form of an equation and explain the
symbols used.

(ii) Define the term 'the mole',

(iii) The molar heat capacity of a gas at constant pressure, cr, differs from the molar
heat capacity at constant volume, c,. State which is the GREATER and explain
why. [8 marks]

O) Afixedmassofanidealmonatomicgaswith c" =+ undergoestwosuccessivechanges,

from an initial state (Po, V,) to (Po, 3Vo) and then to (4P., 3V.)

(i) Draw a graph to represent these changes.

(ii) Show that the OVERALL change of internal energy is given by AU = p.V.
*o
(iii) P. = 3.039 x 105 Pa and V" =4x l0-3 m3 calculat .
a) the work done by the gas on the surroundings

b) the thermal energy added to the gas. [12 marks]

Total20 marks

END OF TEST

o2r38020tcAPE200r