Transformers Questions

Electrical Machines (Transformer)
1. The no-load current of a single-phase transformer consists of a fundamental and a 3rd

harmonic with rms values of 0.8A and 0.2A respectively. The rms value of the no load current
is ___________________.
2. The no-load equivalent circuit of a 1-ph transformer as shown between terminal 1 and 2.
Its power factor is _____________ lag.
3. A 4 kVA, 400/200 V, 1-phase transformer has leakage impedance of 0.02 + j0.04 per unit.
This leakage impedance in ohms, when referred to hv side is x + jy the value of x is ________.
4. Magnetic flux densities for HR steel laminations and CRGO are 1.2 T and 1.6 T respectively
then ratio of weight of CRGO laminations and hot rolled laminations is _______________ .
(Assuming same densities for two type of core material and total flux remains the same.)
5. A 25 kVA, 230/115 V, 50 Hz transformer has the following data.

r1 = 0.12 , r2 = 0.04 
x1 = 0.2 , x2 = 0.05 
If the primary induced emf equal in magnitude to the primary terminal voltage, when the
transformer is carrying the full load current then load is of _________________ p.f. lead.
6. A 500 kVA transformer has 95% efficiency at full load and also at 60% of full load both at
unity p.f. Sum of iron loss and copper loss at full load is _____________ kW.
7. A 3-phase transformer has it primary connected in delta and secondary in star. It has an
equivalent resistance of 1% and equivalent reactance of 6%. The primary applied voltage is
6600 V. ______________ be the ratio of transformation in order that it will deliver 4800 V at full
load current and 0.8 power factor lag.
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8. An auto-transformer having 1250 turns is connected across a 250V supply. What

secondary voltage will be obtained if a tap is taken at 800th turn
(a) 80 V (b) 100 V

(c) 140 V (d) 160
9. A 500 kVA, 11 kV/0.43 kV, 3-phase delta/star connected transformer has HV copper loss of
2.5 kW and LV copper loss of 2kW on rated load. The ohmic value of the equivalent
resistance on the delta side is ____________ /ph.
10. A 500 kVA transformer has 95% efficiency at full load and also at 60% of full load both at
unity p.f. Transformer efficiency at 75% full load and unity power factor is ____________ %.
11. A 20 kVA, single phase transformer has iron loss of 250 W and full load Cu-loss of 500 W
respectively. The value of maximum efficiency at unity power factor will be equal to
(a) 97.6% (b) 96.4%

(c) 94.3% (d) 96.6%
12. A 100 MVA, 230/115 kV - 3- power transformer has a per unit resistance of 0.02 pu
and a per unit reactance of 0.055 pu. The transformer supplies a load of 80 MVA at 0.85 PF
lagging. What is the percentage voltage regulation of the transformer?
(a) 4.6% (b) 3.7%

(c) 2% (d) 5.7%
13. Two transformers with leakage impedance Z1 = 0.1+j0.4, and Z2 = 0.05+j0.2 are
S 
connected in parallel. The ratio of load shared  1  will
S 
 2
(a) Equal (b) 1 : 2

(c) 2 : 1 (d) 2 : 3
14. A voltage V=200sin314t is applied to the transformer winding in a no load test. The
 
resulting current is found to be i  3sin 314t  60o . Find the core loss and rms value of the
exciting current.
(a) 150 W, 2.12 A (b) 300 W, 1.22 A

(c) 150 W, 1.22 A (d) 300 W, 2.12 A

15. The series equivalent impedance of a single phase transformer referred to its secondary
side is Z a2  R a2  jX a2 . The voltage regulation of this transformer will be zero when the
power factor if load is
Xa2
(a) Unit (b) leading
Za2
Xa2 Ra2
(c) lagging (d) leading
Za2 Za2
16. If a three phase step down transformer is connected to 6600 V mains and takes 10A,
then the secondary line voltage and line current for Y/ connection respectively are (Three
ratio of turns per phase 12 and neglect losses).
(a) 550V, 120 A (b) 318V, 120 A

(c) 550V, 208 A (d) 318V, 208 A
17. In figure  = ____________ degrees.
(a) 28
(b) 30
(c) 30
(d) 28
18. Turns ratio = 1 for transformer 1 & 1.1 for transformer 2. (Voltages and current at the
same frequency) With I = 0, it is given that I1 = I2 = 10o A. When I = 5A, Ip = _____________A.

19. A 3-winding, 50Hz single-phase transformer has primary, secondary and tertiary turns
equal to 100, 50 and 40 respectively. Resistances, leakage reactances, and core losses are
neglected. Rated primary voltage is 400V and at that voltage, the primary draws a
magnetizing current of 1A. If the secondary delivers a load current of 4-j4 A. The value of
the capacitance to be connected to the tertiary to improve the primary power factor to unity
is _______________F.
(a) 149.4
(b) 23.9
(c) Capacitance has to be connected at the primary terminals only
(d) 934
20. For considering the effects of lighting surges, the hv winding of a single-phase
transformer is represented by the following circuit. (C1 is the inter coil capacitance and C2 is
the coil to earth capacitance) At an instant when the surge voltage across 1 and 2 is Vs ;V1
and V2 are, respectively.
V V
(a) s , s
2 2
C1 C2
(b) Vs , Vs
C1  C2 C1  C2
C2 C1
(c) Vs , Vs
C1  C2 C1  V2
C1  C2 C1
(d) Vs , Vs
2C1  C2 2C1  C2
21. A transformer has 2% resistance and 5% reactance, find its voltage regulation at full load
0.8 power factor lagging.
(a) 1.6% (b) 3.6%

(c) 4.6% (d) 6.6%
22. An auto transformer supplies a load of 5 kW at 115 V and at unity power factor. If the
primary voltage is 230 V, determine power conducted directly from the supply mains to the
load
(a) 1.5 kW (b) 2.5 kW

(c) 3.5 kW (d) 5 kW

23. Three single-phase transformers are connected to form a 3-φ transformer bank. The
transformer are connected in the following manner.
The nomenclature of the above connection for phase sequence ABC is
(a) Yd0 (b) Yd6

(c) Yd11 (d) Yd1
24. If 110% of normal voltage and 110% of normal frequency is applied to a transformer, the
percentage change in eddy current losses is _________.
25. Two transformers are to be operated in parallel such that they share load in proportion
to their KVA ratings. The rating of the first transformer is 500 KVA and its pu leakage
impedance is 0.05 pu. If the rating of second transformer is 250 KVA, its pu leakage
impedance (for the common base values of 500 MVA) is ____________.
26. A 3-φ transformer has its primary connected in delta and secondary in star. Secondary to
primary turns ratio per phase is k. If the ratio of secondary to primary line voltage is k 1, then
k1 = xk, the value of x is _______________.
27. A single-phase 3300/400 V transformer has the following winding resistances and
reactance’s: R1=0.7Ω, R2=0.011Ω, X1=3.6Ω, X2=0.045Ω the secondary is connected to a coil
having a resistance of 4.5Ω and inductive reactance 3.2Ω. Calculate the secondary terminal
voltage.
(a) 394.7 V (b) 384.7 V

(c) 374.7 V (d) 364.7 V
28. A 500 KVA, 33/3.3 kV 1-φ transformer with a resistance voltage drop of 1.5% and a
reactance voltage drop of 6% is connected in parallel with a 1000 KVA, 33/3.3 kV single
phase transformer with a resistance voltage drop 1% and a reactance voltage drop of 6.2%.
Find the KVA loading and operating power factor of each transformer when the load is 1200
KVA at power factor 0.8 lagging.

SA  605.134.44o KVA SA  374.433.63o KVA

(a) (b)
SB  595.939.34o KVA SB  826.638.51o KVA
SA  384.423.63o KVA SA  816.636.51o KVA
(c) (d)
SB  816.636.51o KVA SB  384.423.63o KVA
29. A 3-φ, 50 Hz transformer has an iron cross section of 400 cm2 (gross). If the flux density
be limited to 1.2 Wb/m2, Find the sum of number of turns per phase on high and low voltage
windings. The voltage ratio is 2200/110 V, the high voltage side being connected in star and
low voltage in mesh. Assume stacking factor to be 0.9
(a) 138 (b) 145

(c) 150 (d) 157
30. Two transformers each rated 250 kVA, 11/2 kV and 50 Hz are connected in open delta on
both the primary and secondary. A delta connected three phase load of 250 kVA, 0.8 pf, 2 kV
is connected to the low voltage terminals of this open delta transformer. __________ A is the
transformer currents on the 11 kV side of this connection.
31. The full load voltage drops in single phase transformer are 14% and 2% due respectively
to resistance and leakage reactance. The full load ohmic losses double to the iron losses. The
efficiency on full load at 0.8 lag p.f. is ___________________%.
32. A transformer has a reactance drop of 5% and a resistance drop of 2.5%. Find the
maximum voltage regulation
(a) 3.59% (b) 4.59%

(c) 5.59% (d) 6.59%
33. The maximum efficiency of a 500 kVA, 3300/500 V, 50 Hz, single phase transformer is
97% and occurs at 3/4 full load, unity power factor. If the impedance is 10%, calculate the
regulation at full load at 0.8 p.f. lagging?
(a) 6.52% (b) 7.52%

(c) 8.52% (d) 9.52%
34. A 25 kVA, 1-φ transformer, 2200 V to 220 V has a primary resistance of 10 Ω and a
secondary resistance of 0.01 Ω. Find the full load efficiency at 0.8 p.f. if the iron loss of the
transformer is 80% of the full load copper loss.
(a) 95.73% (b) 96.73%

(c) 97.73% (d) 98.73%

35. An iron ring of mean length 50 cm has an air gap of 1 mm and a winding of 200 turns. If
the permeability of the iron is 300 when a current of 1 A flows through the coil, find the flux
density.
(a) 92.2 m Wb/m2 (b) 94.2 m Wb/m2

(c) 96.2 m Wb/m2 (d) 98.2 m Wb/m2
36. Turns ratio = 1 for transformer 1 & 1.1 for transformer 2. (Voltages and current at the
same frequency)
With I = 0, it is given that I1 = I2 = 10o A
When I = 5A,Find the phase angle of Ip?
37. The primary winding on the central limb has 100 turns. The maximum flux through any
limb is to be 1 milli Wb, the flux varying sinusoidally with time. Rms value of the
magnetizing current is _______________ A.
(a) 1.77 (b) 2.77
(c) 1.95 (d) 2.99
38. An ac source Vs = 100o V having an internal impedance of 1k is applied to the primary
of a single-phase transformer. If the secondary is connected to a purely resistive load of
10, then the maximum power dissipated in the load will be
(a) 250 W (b) 2.5 W

(c) 25 mW (d) 1.0 W

39. Three single phase transformers are connected as shown . V ____________ volts.
(a) (4/3) V0o
(b) V0o
(c) V180o
(d) (V/3) 120o
40. An ideal audio frequency transformer couples a 60 ohm resistive load to an electronic
circuit which is represented by a constant voltage source of 5V in series with an internal
resistance of 3000. Find the transformer turns ratio so that maximum power transfer takes
place from source to the load.
2
(a) 1 (b)
10
(c) 2 (d) 50
41. The regulation curve of a 1- transformer is shown below. Which point represents the
regulation of a lightly capacitive load.
(a) X
(b) Y
(c) Z
(d) Both Y and Z

42. An auto transformer has a coil with total number of turns NDC = 200 between terminal C
& D. It has got one tapping at A such that NAC = 80 and another tapping at B such that
NBA = 40. The current in the section BD when 400V supply is connected across AC and two
resistive loads of 60 and 40 are connected across BC and DC respectively is
(a) 20 A
(b) 23 A
(c) 25 A
(d) 27 A
43. Two single-phase transformers operating in parallel have the following data:
Transformer A : Zea = 0.2 + j0.6, Ea = 208 V
Transformer B : Zeb = 0.25 + j0.55, Eb = 205 V
Load impedance Z = 3 + j2 
The load current and voltage across the load are respectively.
(a) 28.3 A, 192.6 V (b) 25 A, 413 V

(c) 53.5 A, 192.6 V (d) 28.3 A, 413 V
44. A 50 Hz 3-phase core type star-delta transformer has a line voltage ratio of 11,000/440
volts. The cross-section of the core is square with a circumscribing circle of 0.4 m diameter.
Find the number of turns per phase on high-voltage windings for a maximum flux density of
1.20 Wb/m2. Assume that the insulation occupies 10% of the total core area.
(a) 330 (b) 230

(c) 130 (d) 100
45. A 220/115 V, 25 Hz single phase transformer has eddy current loss of 100W, which is half
of the no-load loss at rated applied voltage. If the transformer is used with primary 50 Hz,
440V, the total no-load loss would be
(a) 300 W (b) 400 W

(c) 600 W (d) 1000 W
46. A 500 kVA transformer has an efficiency of 95% at full load and also at 60% of full load;
both at upf then which of the following is true?
(a) Pi = 9.87 kW (b) Pc = 9.8 kW

(c) Pi = 10.23 kW (d) Pi  0

47. In figure Ib the balancing component of current is _____________ A.
48. A three phase transformer can be built as a single unit or as a bank of three single-phase
units. From the view point of
(i) Provision of spares, a ___________ is preferable

(ii) Space requirements, a __________ is preferable
(iii) Open delta operation, a _______________ is preferable
(a) Bank, single unit bank

(b) Bank, single unit, single unit
(c) Single unit, bank, single unit
(d) Bank, bank, bank
49. A transformer has circular turns on a core of approximately circular cross-section. The
magnetic field can be assumed to be along the axis of the turns. The force experience by a
turn is
(a) Circumferential, tending to reduce the radius

(b) Circumferential, tending to increase the radius
(c) In an axial direction
(d) Zero
50. Secondary’s of three similar single-phase transformers are shown in figure. These are
connected in delta by joining terminals 2 to 3; 4 to 5; and 6 to 1. The voltage observed
across terminals 1 and 2 (in volts) is
(a)(20sint + 30sin3t)
(a) 90sin3t
(b) 200 sint
(c) 30 sin3t

51. The open – circuit test data on the low voltage side of a single phase transformer is as
follows:
1. Applied voltage = 200V, frequency = 50 Hz, Power input = 50 W

2. Applied voltage = 120V, frequency = 30 Hz, Power input = 20 W
The hysteresis loss (in watts) in tests (1) and (2) respectively are,
(a) 50, 20 (b) 25, 10

(c) 30, 18 (d) 8.33, 5
52. A 200V/100V 2-winding transformer is connected as a step-down auto transformer in

two different ways as shown in figure. To obtain 100V as the output voltage, the supply
voltage V marked in figures (a) and (b) must be respectively (in volts)
(a)200, 200
(b) 100, 100
(c) 300, 100
(d) 100, 300
53. When compared with air (1.0), modern electric steels have permeability’s in the order of
(b) 500 (b) 1000

(c) 1500 (d) 2000
54. The windings are usually provided with tappings on ____________.
(a) LV windings (b) Territory windings

(c) HV windings (d) Any of these
55. Which of the following core has linear characteristics?
(a) Air core (b) Steel core

(c) CRGO core (d) None of these
56. Two transformers operating in parallel having impedances of 3% and 5%. If the total
load supplied by the combinations is 100A, then the current supplied by each is
(a) 65A, 35A (b) 80A, 20A

(c) 70A, 30A (d) 62.5A, 37.5A

57. If the OC test data on delta side of a three phase star-Delta transformer is 33kV, 5.5A,
21kW, the magnetizing component of current will be ______________A.
58. Which of the following three phase transformer gives more output voltage?
(a) Star-star (b) Star-delta

(c) Delta star (d) Delta-delta
59. The amount of flux linkage of a coil having 100 turns and in a time varying flux of 1.2 Wb
is ____________ Wb-turns.
60. When compared to two winding transformers, auto-transformers have
(a) Lower leakage reactance (b) Lower losses

(c) Smaller exciting current (d) All of these
61. A two winding three phase transformer has delta connected primary and star connected
secondary. The phase shift produced by the above combination will be
(a)30o in the clockwise direction

(a) 60o in the clockwise direction
(b) 180o in the clockwise direction
(c) 0o in the clockwise direction
62. The no-load voltage of a transformer is 440V and its load current is 10A. If the
equivalent resistance, reactance’s are 0.12  and 2.42  and is operating at a power factor of
0.8 lag, then the voltage regulation of transformer is _______________ %.
63. The ferrite cores are used for _____________ transformers.
(a)Small transformers
(a) Medium transformers
(b) Large transformers
(c) None of these
64. Which of the following parallel operation of transformers leads to circulating currents?
(a)Unequal impedances, unequal voltage ratios, different KVA

(b) Equal impedances, equal ratios, same KVA
(c) Equal impedances, equal ratios, different KVA
(d) Unequal impedances, equal ratios, same KVA

65. A 220/110 V transformer has an iron loss of 450W when excited from high voltage side
under no load condition. If the no load current is 5A, then the no load power factor is
_________________.
66. A 220/2200V transformer having 100/1000 turns on primary and secondary is connected
as auto transformer with additive polarity. The low voltage and high voltage of auto
transformer are
(a) 220V, 2200V (b) 2420V, 220V

(c) 2200V, 220V (d) 220V, 2420V
67. A 100 kVA transformer has resistance of 0.5% and its maximum efficiency occurring at 50
kVA load. The efficiency at full load and 0.8 pf is ____________ %.
(a) 99.22 (b) 99.45

(c) 98.56 (d) 95.45
68. A 50Hz, 250 kVA, 6600/600V 1-phase transformer has maximum efficiency of 96% occurs
at 70% full-load unity p.f. The percentage regulation at full load 0.8 p.f lagging when the
impedance is 15% is __________________.
69. A transformer has it maximum efficiency of 0.97 at 10 kVA, U.P.F. The loading during the
day is:
12 Hours : 2 kW at p.f. 0.5

8 Hours : 10 kW at p.f. 0.707
4 Hours : 15 kW at p.f. 0.866
The “all day” efficiency is _______________ %.
(a) 95.35 (b) 96.34

(c) 94.56 (d) 98.54
70. As the load on transformer is increased, the core losses

(a) Decreases slightly
(b) Increases slightly
(c) Remains constant
(d) May decrease or increase slightly depending upon the nature of load

71. In a three phase  / Y transformer shown in the figure, the phase displacement of
secondary line voltages with corresponding primary line voltages will be
(a) 15o
(b) 30o lag
(c) 30o lead
(d) 180o
72. The primary winding of a single phase transformer having 200 turns is excited with a
voltage V(t) = 15.5 sin120t + 15.5 sin 360t V. Neglecting the leakage, the rms value of flux
is _____________ mWb.
73. For determination of losses a transformer having 400V, 50Hz the total iron losses were
found to be 2000W at normal V&F. The iron losses were found to be 750W when the
applied voltage and frequency were 200V, 25 Hz. The hysteresis loss (in kW) at normal
voltage and frequency will be _____________.
74. A single phase transformer has 500 primary turns & 1000 secondary turns. Area of cross-
section of core is 80 cm2. If primary applied voltage is 1000V, maximum flux density in
wb/m2 will be ______________________.
75. An impedance Zo=(1+j4) is connected in series with the secondary winding of an ideal
transformer as shown in the figure.
The value of series impedance when referred to the primary side is

(a) (5 + j20)  (b) (0.2 + j0.8) 
(c) (25 + j100)  (d) (0.04 + j0.16) 

Solutions
1. Ans: 0.80 to 0.82
1/2
Solution: I0 rms  0.8  0.2   0.8246  0.82
2 2
2. Ans: 20.8
Solution: Consider the circuit and corresponding phasor diagram
2 2
V V  5V 
I                 
3 4  12 
Shown from the phasor diagram
v
 
3 12
cos       0.8
5V 15
12
 R 
Current lagging the voltage  power factor is not here 
 
 R X
2 2

3. Ans: 0.8
400 400  400
Solution: Base Impedance =   40
 4000  4000
 
 400 
Leakage impedance referred to hv side= (0.02 + j 0.04)  40= 0.8 + j1.6
4. Ans: 0.75
1
Solution: Weight of laminations 
Bm
WCRGO

B 
m HR

1.2
 0.75
WHR Laminations B 
m CRGO
1.6

5. Ans: 0.77 to 0.82

Solution:
230
Transformation ratio = 2
115
r2'  0.16 
x'2  0.2 
25  1000
I1 F.L    108.71A
230
Since, Primary Induced EMF is equal in magnitude to Primary Terminal Voltage so,
R 0.12
tan1  1   0.6
X1 0.2
p.f. = cos1  0.858 leading
1  30.9o
V2  230  108.730.9o   0.16  j0.2   227.9  6.95o
2  30.9o  6.9o  37.8o
cos 2  0.79 leading
6. Ans: 26 to 27
500
Solution:  0.95
500  Pi  PcuFL
500
 500  Pi  PcuFL =26.315 ................ (i)
0.95
500  0.6
 0.95
500  0.6  Pi  0.36PcuFL
500
 500  0.6  Pi  0.36Pcu
0.95
Pi  0.36Pcu  15.79 ...... (ii)
Solving equations (i) and (ii)
Pcu  16.45 kW
Pi  9.87 kW
Hence Pcu+Pi  16.45 +9.87 = 26.32kW
7. Ans: 0.40 to 0.45

Solution: Percentage regulation = Vr cos + Vx sin
Where Vr is the percentage resistive drop or percentage equivalent resistance and Vx is the
percentage reactive drop or percentage equivalent reactance.
Vr = 1% and Vx = 6%
cos = 0.8 and sin = 0.6
Percentage regulation = 1  0.8 + 6  0.6 = 4.4 %

Secondary induced emf (line to line) = 4800 + 4.4 % of 4800 = 5011.2 V
5011.2
Secondary induced emf per phase   2893.22 V
3
Secondary phase emf 2893.22
Transformation ration, K    0.438
Primary phase emf 6600
8. Ans: (d)
Solution: Supply voltage V1 = 250 V
Primary turns N1 = 1250
Secondary turns N2 = 800
N 800
Secondary voltage v 2  V  2  250   160 V
N1 1250
9. Ans: 7.2 to 7.4

VHV 11
Solution: Turn ratio =   44.3
VLV  0.43 
 
 3 
500
I 
phase Y

3  0.43
 671.34 A
500
I 
phase 

3  11
 15.2 A
2500
R    1.85  103 
3   671.34 
LV ph 2
2500
R    3.6 
3  15.2 
HV ph 2
R   3.6  1.85  103   44.3  7.23  / ph

2
eq HV
10. Ans: 95.0 to 95.5

500
Solution  0.95
500  Pi  PcuFL
500
 500  Pi  PcuFL =26.315 ................ (i)
0.95
500  0.6
 0.95
500  0.6  Pi  0.36PcuFL

500
 500  0.6  Pi  0.36Pcu
0.95
Pi  0.36Pcu  15.79 ...... (ii)
Solving equations (i) and (ii)
Pcu  16.45 kW
Pi  9.87 kW
kVA  cos 

kVA  cos   Pi  Pcu
500  0.75
  100  95.15%
500  0.75  9.87  16.45  0.75 
2
11. Ans: (d)

Solution: Given 20 kVA, single phase transformer
Iron loss Wi = 250 W
Copper loss Wcu = 500 W
Let the maximum occur at x times of full load. We can write
Wi 250 1
x    0.707
Wcu 500 2
Maximum efficiency occurs at 70.7% of full load.
Output at unit power factor
Pout  0.707  20  1  14.14 kW
So, the maximum efficiency
Pout 14.14
   10  96.58%
Pout  Wtotal 14.14  2  0.25
12. Ans: (b)

Solution: Reg  R pu cos   Xpu sin 
cos   0.85 lag and sin   0.526
PU valued of R on new base value i.e. 80MVA is
80
Rpu  0.02   0.016
100
80
Xpu  0.055   0.044
100
%Reg  0.016  0.85  0.044  0.526  3.67%

13. Ans: (b)

Solution: The sharing of load is inversely proportional to the impedance of the transformer.
1 1
S1  and S2 
Z1 Z2
S1 Z 2 0.05  j0.2 0.20675.96
  
S2 Z1 0.1  j0.4 0.41275.96
S1 1

S2 2
14. Ans: (a)

200 3
Solution: Core loss = VI0cos0    cos60o  150 W
2 2
3
RMS value of the exciting current, I0(rms)   2.12A
2
15. Ans: (b)
16. Ans: (d)

Solution: In Y/ connection.
VL 6600
Primary phase voltage Vph   V
3 3
For  connection, Vph = VL (on secondary side)
Primary phase voltage  6000  318 V
 Secondary Phase voltage 
12 3  12
Due to delta connection, secondary line voltage = secondary phase voltage
Secondary line current = 3  secondary phase current
= 3  12  primary phase current=120  3  208 A
17. Ans: (c)
Solution: Figure shows a part of the 3-phase connection. Keeping in
mind the location of the dots, and the dots,and the polarities selected (we
choose them arbitrarily); the primary and secondary voltages must be in
phase. (With ‘+’ selected at the dotted terminals, the two voltages must
V
be in phase). Primary is connected is star, VRN    30o .
3
 Secondary voltage shown must be V1   30 V, (V1 is determined by the turns ratio).

o

18. Ans: 1.2 to 1.8

Solution: With I = 30o A; current in various parts of the circuit are marked.
In doing this, the turns ratios, given location of dots, and chosen reference directions for the
currents.
In figure Ip by KCL

Ip  10  5  30o  10  5.5  30o  20  0.5  30o A 
Ip2  22  0.52   2  2  0.5  cos30   4.25  3
Ip  1.59
Note: In a transformer, for Ampere-turn balance, if the following rule is applicable. “If one
current leaves its winding at dot, and the other current enters its winding at dot, the two
current must be in phase”. Whether current enter their windings at dots or leave their
windings at dots is decided by our arbitrarily chosen reference directions.
19. Ans: (a)

Solution: The equivalent circuit is as shown (ref primary)

Ip  Load current at secondary (refer to primary)=

 4  j4  50
  2  j2  A
2 100
Teritiary (capacitor refer to primary)=  jX c 
Tertiary current ref. primary = - Imaginary part of primary+sec current referred to primary 
Tertiary current ref. primary = - -j4+j1  j3 A
 100   40 
 Actual tertiary current=i3    j7.5A at 400    160V
 40   100 
160
Actual capacitive reactance =  21.3 at 50Hz
7.5
106
C=  149.4F
100   21.3
20. Ans: (d)

Solution: Simplify the circuit by using series-parallel combinations
Equivalent capacitance across 1 and 2 


C1 C1  C2 
2C1  C2
C1  C1  C2 
Charge delivered by Vs  Q  Vs
2C1  C2
Q C  C2
V1   1 V;
C1 2C1  C2 s
Q C1
V2   V
 C2  C1  2C1  C2 s
(Actually C1<< C2 , V1  Vs ; & V2  0.
The voltage is unevenly distributed. Hence, end turn insulation must be reinforced.
21. Ans: (c)

Solution: V.R  R e(pu) cos 2  X e(pu) sin 2  0.02  0.8  0.05  0.6  0.046 pu  4.6%
22. Ans: (b)

Low Voltage 115 1
Solution: k =  
High Voltage 230 2
1
Power conducted =k  power output=  5  2.5 kW
2

23. Ans: (d)

Solution: The Phasor diagram for this connection looks like as shown below,
Hence, Yd1 connection
24. Ans: 21
Solution: Eddy current losses  We   B2f 2
V
B
f
V2 2
We   f  V2
f 2
V2  1.1V1
We  We V22  V12
Percentage Change in Eddy Current Losses,  2 1
 100   100
We V12
1
1.1V    V 
2 2
1 1
  100  21%
V12
25. Ans: 0.10
Solution: Since Load must be shared proportional to KVA Ratings
S1 Z 2    KVA1 500
  
S2 Z1    KVA2 250
Since, both are to be measured on common base
Z 2    Z 2 pu
 2
Z1    Z1 pu
Z2 pu  2  Z1 pu  2  0.05  0.10pu
26. Ans: 1.7 to 1.8
Solution:
V Line Y
 k1 =>
 3Vph  Y
 k1
V Line   
Vph

3.
V 
ph Y
 3.
N 
ph Y
 3 . k = k1
V 
ph  N 
ph 
x  3  1.732

27. Ans: (a)

Solution:
Referring the parameters on the secondary side

2 2
T   400 
R w2  R 2  R1  2   0.011  0.7    0.0213 
 T1   3300 
2 2
T   400 
X w2  X 2  X1  2   0.045  3.6    0.0979 
 T1   3300 
Z w2  0.0213  j0.0979 
Load Voltage,
ZL 4.5  j3.2
VL  E2   400   394.7  0.690 V
ZL  Z w2 4.5  j3.2  0.0213  j0.0979
28. Ans: (a)

Solution: R A pu  0.015 ; X  A pu
 0.06
Z 
A pu
 0.015  j0.06  0.0618575.96o
R 
B pu
 0.01 ; X  B pu
 0.062
Z 
B pu
 0.062880.84o
*
 ZB  0.0628  80.84o
S A    LS   120036.87o
 Z A  ZB  0.06185  75.96  0.0628  80.84
o o
SA  605.1234.44 KVA
SB  SL  SA  120036.87o  605.1234.44o KVA
SB  595.9739.34o KVA
29. Ans: (c)

Solution: Ai  400  0.9  360 cm or 0.036 m
2 2
peak value of flux, max  B max  Ai  1.2  0.036  0.0432 Wb

2200
HV side phase voltage, EP1   1270 V
3
LV side phase voltage, EP2  110V
Turns per phase on low voltage windings.
EP2 110
N2    11.47  12
4.44max  f 4.44  0.0432  50
Turns per phase on high voltage winding.
E 12  1270
N1  N2  P1   138
EP2 110
sum  12  138  150
30. Ans: 13 to 14
Solution: The KVA load that can be supplied by two transformer, each having rating of 250
kVA = 2  kVA rating of each transformer  0.866 = 433 kVA
VA output 250  1000
secondary line current, I    72.16 A
3V 3  2000
Secondary phase current = Secondary line current = 72.16 A
Primary phase current (current on hv side)
2
= Secondary phase current  transformation ratio  72   13.12 A
11
31. Ans: 92.9 to 93.3

Ir
Solution: 2 e2  0.02  I2re2  0.02 E2
E2
iron loss = I22 re2  I2  I2re2 
From equation (i) and (ii),
iron loss = I2  0.02 E2  0.02 × Rated kVA
copper loss = 2  0.02  rated kVA= 0.04 rated kVA
1  0.8 0.8
   0.9302 or 93.02%
1  0.8  0.02  0.04 0.86
32. Ans: (c)

2.5
Solution: pu resistance =  0.025
100
5
pu reactance =  0.05
100
Voltage regulation will be maximum, when phase angle
I2 X 02 / E2 pu reactance 0.05
=tan1  tan1  tan1  63.435o
I2R 02 / E2 pu resistance 0.025

maximum regulation = pu resistance  cos + pu reactance  sin 

 0.025  0.447  0.05  0.8944  0.0559 or 5.59%
33. Ans: (b)

3
Solution: At ¾ full load and unity power factor output  500   1.0  375 kW
4
maximum efficiency   97%
output 375
Input    386.6 kW
 0.97
Losses  Input  Output  386.6  375  11.6 kW
this loss is equally divided between iron and copper loss, so

2
3 11.6
  Pc  Pi   5.8 kW
4 2
16
or, Pc   5.8  10.3 kW
9
IR I2R 10.3
percentage resistance  2 o2  100  2 o2  100   100  2.06%
V2 V2 I2 500
percentage impedance = 10%
percentage reactance  102  2.062  9.786%
I R cos   I2 Xo2 sin 
percentage regulation = 2 02  2.06  0.8  9.786  0.6  7.52%
V2
34. Ans: (c)

Solution: Rated output, S = 25 kVA
Secondary voltage, V2 = 220 V
Full-load (or rated) secondary current,
S  1000 25  1000
I2    113.64 A
V2 220
Total resistance referred to secondary,
2
 220 
Ro2  K R1  R2  
2
  1  0.01  0.02
 2200 
Pc  I22R o2  113.64   0.02  258 W or 0.258 kW
2
Pi  80% of full load copper loss

80
  258  206.4 W or 0.2064 kW
100
Full-load output at 0.8 p.f. = 25  cos=25  0.8  20 kW

Full-load efficiency at 0.8 p.f.,

output 20
  100   100  97.73%
ouput  Pc  Pi 20  0.258  0.2064
35. Ans: (b)

l
Solution: The Reductance R=
a
1  103 0.5 8  103
 The total reductance = R1  R 2    AT/Wb
a0 300a0 3a0
Total AT 200  1 30a
 The total flux = 
Reduc tance 8  103
 600  0 600  4  107  103
 The flux density =  Wb/m 2
 m Wb/m2  94.2 m Wb/m2
a 8  103 8  103
36. Ans: 9.0 to 9.3

Solution: With I = 30o A; current in various parts of the circuit are marked.
In doing this, the turns ratios, given location of dots, and chosen reference directions for the
currents.
In figure Ip by KCL
 
Ip  10  5  30o  10  5.5  30o  20  0.5  30o A  1.589.060
  9.2

37. Ans: (a)

Maximum mmf
Solution:  Maximum flux
reluc tance
100 Imax
 103
0.25  10 6
Imax  0.25  106  103  102  2.5A

2.5
Rms maagnetizing current =  1.77 A
2
38. Ans: (c)

Solution: The circuit can be drawn as following
When the impedance are referred to primary side, the circuit as
For maximum power transfer

R s  Z'2  n2RL
Rs 1000  N1 
n   10  n= 
RL 10  N2 
V 100o V
Terminal voltage V1  s   5V
2 2
V 5V
V2  1   0.5V
n 10
V 0.5V
I2  2   50 mA
ZL 10 
PL  I22RL  50mA  10   25 mW
2

39. Ans: (c)

Solution: Circuit is reproduced below, where various voltage phasors are marked along with
their reference polarities. These are marked by using the dot convention and turns ratios
(the transformers are considered ideal)
By KVL
V 2 V
V    120o  V0o  120o
3 3 3
 V0o
 V180o
Note: This circuit is call balance 3-phase to 2-phase conversion circuit. Its advantage is that
a standard 3-phase transformer core can be used.
40. Ans: (d)

Solution: For maximum power transfer the internal impedance must be equal to internal
impedance. Referring the load impedance to primary,
2
60 N  N
3000  2 => 3000   1   60 => 1  50
k  N2  N2
41. Ans: (b)

Solution: For light capacitive load the power factor angle is leading but a small angle and
hence high power factor.
42. Ans: (c)

400
Solution: The voltage per turn is   5V
80
The e.m.f induced in 200 turns is, 200  5 = 1000 V.
The current through section BD is
1000
I  25A
40
43. Ans: (c)

1 1 1 1 1 1
Solution:       3.464  65.87o
Z ea Z eb Z 0.2  j0.6 0.25  j0.55 3  j2
Ea E 208 205
 b    667.227  68.51o
Z ea Z eb 0.2  j0.6 0.25  j0.55

From Nodal analysis:

 1 1 1 E E
V     a  b  192.63  2.64 V
 Z ea Z eb Z  Z ea Z eb
E  V 208  192.63  2.64
Ia  a   28.34  41.89o A
Z ea 0.2  j0.6
Eb  V 205  192.63  2.64o
and Ib    25.473  30.350 A
Z eb 0.25  j0.55.
The load current IL  Ia  Ib  53.5 A
44. Ans: (a)

Solution: The diameter of the circumscribing circle is same as diagonal of the square.
d = 0.4 m, B = 1.2 wb/m2
Area of square core can be found as Area = l  b
 0.4 
lb 
 2
2
 0.4 
Area     0.08
 2
Area occupied by insulation = 0.1  0.08 = 8  10-3
Net cross sectional Area A21 = 0.8  (8  10-3) = 0.072
e.m.f/Turn = 4.44  f  B  A21 = 4.44  50  1.2  0.072= 19.2 V

11,000
Phase turns ratio  : 440
3
400
Number of turns per phase on low voltage side =  20.93  21
19.2
11000 / 3
Number of turns per phase on high voltage side =  330
19.2
45. Ans: (c)

Solution: We  100W, and W0  200W
V1 V2 V
  8.80   constant
f1 f2 f
Now W0  Wh1  we1 => wh1  200  100  100 W
Wh  f
f2 50
Wh2  Wh1   100   200W
f1 25

2
f 
W e  f  We2  We1   2   100  4  400W
2
 f1 
 Total no-load loss= Wh2  We2  600 W
46. Ans: (a)

500  103
Solution: 0.95  .................... (1)
500  103  wi  wcu
0.6  500  103
0.95= .................... (2)
0.6  500  103  w1   0.6  wcu
2
From (1) and (2)

500  103
Wi  Wcu   500  103
0.95
0.6  500  103
Wi   0.6  Wcu    0.6   500  103
2
0.95
By solving
Wi  9868.4 W; Wcu  16447.3 W
47. Ans: 6
Solution: By inspection, we see that both currents shown in the figure enter their respective
windings at dots. So, for ampere turn balance, Ib   N / 3N18  30  6150o A
48. Ans: (a)

Solution: Since all the windings are on one single core, a single unit occupies less space, and
also costs about 15% lesser. But a whole similar unit has to be kept as a spare. So a bank is
preferable in terms of cost of spares. With a bank, if one unit is damage, it can be
completely taken out of the circuit for open delta operation, while it may not be possible to
operate a single unit with one phase damaged.
49. Ans: (b)

Solution: The current through turns is alternating. When the current is positive let its
direction in a turn be as shown in fig.1.
Here . and x indicate direction of current in conductors.

From the RH rule, the magnetic field will be in the direction shown. The forces on the two
diametrically opposite current elements will be as shown in fig 1, by Lorentz’s force law.
When the current is negative, figure 2 shows the currents, field and forces. Again we see that
the force is circumferential, tending to increase the radius.
50. Ans: (c)

Solution: The circuit is as shown.
It can be redrawn as follows:
200[sint + sin(t  120o) + sin(t + 120o)] + 90 sin3t = 90 sin3t V
It is seen that the current in the delta-loop is 30sin3t A; flowing from terminal 1 to 6
through the resistances.
Now consider only the winding between terminals 1 and 2.
The voltage across terminal 1 and 2 is 200 sin3t.
51. Ans: (d)

Solution: With (V/f) ratio kept constant, maximum core flux density is constant.
Hysteresis loss = Wh = kf watts, and eddy current loss = We = kef2 Watts
Test 1: kh 50 + ke 2500 = 50
Test 2: kh 30 + ke 900 = 20
Solving, kh = 1/6
50
Hysteresis loss in test 1   8.33 W
6
30
Hysteresis loss in test 2  5 W
6

52. Ans: (c)

Solution: In this problem, dot convention must be used, along with KVL and transformer
property. With output as 1000o V, the voltages across the windings, and the input voltage,
are as shown.
Again with output as 1000o V, the voltages across the windings, and the input voltage, are
as shown.
53. Ans: (c)

Solution: Modern electric steels have ability to carry magnetic flux 1500 times that of air.
54. Ans: (c)

Solution: The tapping’s are provided on HV side as there are more turns so we can easily
divide the number of turns into multiple sections.
55. Ans: (a)

Solution: Air core coils have linear magnetization characteristics that is they do not saturate.
56. Ans: (d)

Solution: By current division
 Z2  5
I1    IL   100  62.5A
 Z1  Z 2  8
 Z1  3
I2    IL   100  37.5A
 Z2  Z2  8
57. Ans: 3.0 to 3.3

Solution: Pc  3VIt L cos 0
21 103
cos 0   0.066
3  33  5.5  103
I 5.5  0.99
I   0 sin 0   3.168A
3 3

58. Ans: (c)

Ns
Solution: The line-line voltage ratio in Delta Star Transformer is 3 and thus giving
Np
highest secondary voltage as compared to other connections.
59. Ans: 120

Solution: Flux linkage  = N = 100  1.2 = 120 Wb-turns
60. Ans: (d)
61. Ans: (a)

Solution: Delta Star Transformer can provide 4 phase shifts 300 ,  1500
62. Ans: 3.4 to 3.6

Solution: pf angle   cos1 0.8  36.860
Full Load Voltage can be calculated as,
V2  E2  I2   R2  jX2   440  10  36.86(0.12  j2.42)  424.93  2.510 V
E2  V2 440  424.93
Regulation   100%   100%  3.546%
V2 424.93
63. Ans: (a)
Solution: Ferrite cores are used for cores of small transformers used in communication
circuits at high frequencies and low energy levels. Because Ferrites has high resistivity they
will have lower eddy current losses.
64. Ans: (a)
65. Ans: 0.3 to 0.5

Solution: Core loss = 450 W = V1Io cos o
450
From the above no load power factor is coso   0.4091
220  5
110V is not taken since no load test is conducted on HV side
66. Ans: (d)
Solution: Low voltage = V1 rated = 220V
 N  N2 
High voltage = VH rated   1  V1 rated (also V1 rated + V2 rated)
 N1 
100  1000 / 100 220  2420V.
Can also be calculated by V1 rated + V2 rated)

67. Ans: (a)

%R 0.5
Solution: Full load copper losses =  VA rating of transformer=  100  103  500W
100 100
kVA rating of transformer at

iron losses
maximum efficiency condition  nominal kVA rating
full load copper losses
Wi
50  100  Wi  125W
500
Total loss at full load = 500 + 125 = 625 W
100  0.8
Efficiency at full load 0.8 pf =  100  99.22%
100  0.8  0.625
68. Ans: 11 to 12
Solution: 70% load at unity p.f.  0.7  250  175 kW
max  96%; losses = 4%
175
Input Power = kW
96
175
Total losses   4  7.29 kW
96
At max , Wcu  Wi
7.29
 At 70% load, Wcu   3.64 kW  Wi
2
%z  15%
15   2.976   14.7%

2 2
%x 
 % Regulation =I R cos   Xsin   12.976  0.8  14.7  0.6  11.19%
69. Ans: (b)

Solution: kWh output = 12  2 + 8  10 + 4  15 = 164 kWh
 = 97%
Losses = 3% of 10 kVA
U.P.F = 10  0.03 = 0.3 kW
0.3
Wconst   0.15 kW
2
Total core loss in 24 hours = 0.15  24 = 3.6 kWh
2
 x 
Copper Loss =   0.15 where x is the loading of the machine
 10 

  2 2  10 
2
 15 
2

Total Copper Loss = 0.15     12     8     4   2.622kWhr
  10   10   10  
 
output energy 164
Efficiency =  100%   100%  96.34%
output energy  losses 164  3.6  2.622
70. Ans: (d)

Solution: For inductive loads, load component of primary flux is little bit more than the load
flux so net flux of the transformer is increased slightly due to magnetization effect.
For capacitive loads, load component of primary flux is little bit less than the load flux so net
flux of the transformer is decreases slightly due to demagnetization effect.
We know that core losses are directly proportional to the maximum value of flux density, so
core losses may increase or decrease depending on nature of the load.
71. Ans: (c)

Solution: The phase voltage in primary and secondary will be in same phase and line voltage
in delta primary is same as phase voltage. Hence line voltage in primary is in same as
secondary phase voltage.
Due to Star Secondary the line voltage on secondary leads phase voltage by 300 and hence
line voltage on secondary leads line voltage on primary by 300.
72. Ans: 0.1 to 0.2

d(t)
Solution: Since Induced emf = e 
dt
Instantaneous flux
1
(t) 
200 
15.5 sin120t  15.5 sin360t  dt   0.205 cos120t  0.068 cos360t  mWb
1
The two components of (t) have frequencies in integral ratio , so the equivalent rms value
3
of flux.
2 2
 0.205   0.068 
rms       0.153 mWb
 2   2 
73. Ans: 1
Solution: Wh  f  Wh  Af
We  f 2 => We  Bf 2
Total iron losses, Wi  Af  Bf 2

Wi
 A  Bf
f
 At f = 50 Hz
Wi  2000 W
2000
 A  B(50)  (1)
50
At f = 25 Hz
Wi  750 W
750
 A  B(25)  (2)
25
From (1) and (2)
B  0.4
We  Bf 2  (0.4)(50)2  1000 W
 Hystersis loss = 2000-1000=1000 W
74. Ans: 1.1 to 1.4

Solution: E1  4.44fBmA1N1
1000  4.44  50  Bm  80  104  500
Bm  1.126 wb/m2
75. Ans: (c)

Solution: The reflected impedance when referred to the primary side will be
2 2
N  5
 
Z o   1  Z's    1  j4   25  j100 
 N2   1

We recommend you to take the Chapter Test first and then check
the Solutions.

Chapter Test Solutions
1. Ans: (a)
276.5
Solution: Active area of cross-section  0.02765 / 1.2m2  cm2
1.2
276.5
So gross cross-section =  256 cm2
1.2  0.9
For a square cross-section, each side = 16 cm
2. Ans: (c)
Solution: Two winding must be connected in series with the proper so that 600 V can be
applied across the total windings.
With 20 kVA load, load current.
20  1000
I2   100A
200
20  1000
I1   33.33A
600
current in common winding = (100 - 33.33) A=66.67 A
VA rating of second winding 20k
KVA rating =   30k
1 K 200
1
600
3. Ans: (b)
100
Solution: IS(base)   502 A
3  115
Since the transformer supplies a load of 80 MVA at 0.85 pf lagging, so secondary line current
of the transformer is
80
IS   402 A
3  115
402
I 
S pu

502
  cos1  0.85  0.8  31.8o
Per unit no load voltage of this transformer is

VNL= VS + 12 = 10o + (0.831.8o) (0.02 + j 0.055)= 1.0371.6o
1.037  1
V.R.   100%  3.7%
1

4. Ans: (d)
Solution: Under Short Circuit Test rated current flows through the windings
5000
ISC   11.36 A
440
  
2
  2

VSC  ISC  Zeq  11.36 0.5   2   0.2  11.36  0.5  2   0.2  j 0.6  2   0.15 
2

VSC  11.36 1.3  j1.2  11.36  1.7742.70  20.1042.70 V
o o
5. Ans: (a)
Total load in kVA  1000 400  1000
Solution: Secondary line current, I=   525 A
3  line voltage 3  440
V  I 440  525
kVA supplied by each transformer =   231 kVA
1000 1000
for a pf of 0.866 lag, =30o
So power delivered by one transformer,
P1 = kVA cos(30o  ) = 231 cos 0o = 231 kW
And power delivered by the other transformer
P2 = kVA cos(30o + ) = 231 cos60o = 115.5 kW
6. Ans: (d)
V 400 V 200
Solution: 1   8 and 2  8
f1 50 f2 25
V1 V2
 8
f1 f2
the flux density Bm remains constant
Pi
Hence,  u  vf
f
2400 800
  u  50v and  u  25v
50 25
Solving these equations, we get
u=16; v=0.64
Therefore, at 50Hz
Ph  uf  16  50  800 W
Pe  vf 2  0.64  50   1600W
2

7. Ans: (a)
500  36.86   2.5  j5 
Solution: I1   304.516  34.068o A
4.5  j8
500  36.86   2  j3 
I2   196.426  41.19o A
4.5  j8
304.5  400
(kVA) supplied by transformer-I   121.8 kVA
1000
196.426  400
(kVA) supplied by transformer-II=  78.57 kVA
1000
8. Ans: (d)
Solution: 10 kVA, 2500/250 V
OV 250V 0.8A, 50W
SC 60V 3A, 45W
Iron losses = 50 W = W1
10000
I( 4V )   4A (rated current)
2500
Cu loss at 3A = 45 W
Cu loss at 4A = ?
2
4 16
   45   45  80W
3 9
Iron loss 50
KVA at max   kVAFL  10KVA   7.9 kVA
Cu loss 80
9. Ans: (a)
Solution: For conducting a heat run test economically, the transformer should have the
rated voltage core loss 30W; and the rated copper loss 40W; at the same time, without
actually loading the transformer. In a short-circuit test, a reduced voltage is applied, so core
are very small. So, the voltage should be increased to a value where the short-circuit current
is greater than the rated value, and the copper losses equal rated voltage core loss + full
load copper loss. (We are assuming that frequency is the rated value.)
Full load copper loss = I2fr req = 40 W
We want a current I where copper loss = I2req = 40 + 30 = 70 W.
I 70
  1.32
Ifc 40
The short circuit current should be 132% of the rated value.

10. Ans: (c)

Solution: The following magnetic circuit shows the reluctances of various parts of the flux
path.
l
Reluctance =
A
0.5 106
We have R AB  R CD  REF   AT/Wb
5000 8
 4   107  20  10 4

0.25 106
R CA  R CE  RFD  RFD   AT/Wb
5000 16
 4  10  20  10
7 4

We can now redraw the circuit as shown:
106 1 106 106

Reluctance seen by the mmf=   AT/Wb
8 2 4 4
11. Ans: (d)

Low Voltage 400
Solution: Transformation Ratio, k    0.8
High Voltage 500
KVA Rating (2 winding) 5
KVA Rating of Autotransformer =   25 kVA
1 k 1  0.8
Power ouput of two-windings transformer at rated load and 0.8 p.f lagging= 5  0.8 = 4 kW
ouput 4
Full-load losses =  output   4  4.21  4  0.21 kW
Efficiency 0.95
Efficiency of autotransformer at rated load and 0.8 p.f. lagging
output 25  0.8
  100   100  98.96%
output  losses 25  0.8  0.21

12. Ans: (c)

Solution: From the given information for the two-winding transformer, we have
V1  2400 V
V2  240 V
S0 = 24 kVA
So I1  10A and I2  100A
For the autotransformer as shown in figure (a)
Vm  V1  V2  2400  240  2640 V
Vout  V2  240 V
Rating of auto transformer
S0a  VoutI2a  VinI1a  VinI1  2460  10  26.4 kVA
 I1a  I1
For the connection shown in figure (b)
Vin  V1  2400 V
Vout  V1  V2  2400  240  2460 V
Rating of auto transformer
S0a  Vout I2a
 I2a  I2
S0a  2640  100  264 kVA
13. Ans: (c)
14. Ans: (b)
15. Ans: (b)

%R 0.5
Solution: Full load copper losses =  VA rating of transformer=  100  103  500W
100 100
iron losses
kVA rating of x'mer at max efficiency condition= nominal kVA rating
full load copper losses
Wi
50  100  Wi  125 W
500
Total Loss  500  125  625 W

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Electrical Machines (Transformer)

1. The no-load current of a single-phase transformer consists of a fundamental and a 3rd

5. A 25 kVA, 230/115 V, 50 Hz transformer has the following data.

© Kreatryx. All Rights Reserved. 1 www.kreatryx.com

8. An auto-transformer having 1250 turns is connected across a 250V supply. What

(a) 80 V (b) 100 V

(a) 97.6% (b) 96.4%

(a) 4.6% (b) 3.7%

(a) Equal (b) 1 : 2

(a) 150 W, 2.12 A (b) 300 W, 1.22 A

© Kreatryx. All Rights Reserved. 2 www.kreatryx.com

(a) 550V, 120 A (b) 318V, 120 A

17. In figure  = ____________ degrees.

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(a) 1.6% (b) 3.6%

(a) 1.5 kW (b) 2.5 kW

© Kreatryx. All Rights Reserved. 4 www.kreatryx.com

The nomenclature of the above connection for phase sequence ABC is

(a) Yd0 (b) Yd6

(a) 394.7 V (b) 384.7 V

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SA  605.134.44o KVA SA  374.433.63o KVA

(a) 138 (b) 145

(a) 3.59% (b) 4.59%

(a) 6.52% (b) 7.52%

(a) 95.73% (b) 96.73%

© Kreatryx. All Rights Reserved. 6 www.kreatryx.com

(a) 92.2 m Wb/m2 (b) 94.2 m Wb/m2

(a) 250 W (b) 2.5 W

© Kreatryx. All Rights Reserved. 7 www.kreatryx.com

(a) (4/3) V0o

(d) (V/3) 120o

(d) Both Y and Z

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(a) 28.3 A, 192.6 V (b) 25 A, 413 V

(a) 330 (b) 230

(a) 300 W (b) 400 W

(a) Pi = 9.87 kW (b) Pc = 9.8 kW

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47. In figure Ib the balancing component of current is _____________ A.

(i) Provision of spares, a ___________ is preferable

(a) Bank, single unit bank

(a) Circumferential, tending to reduce the radius

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1. Applied voltage = 200V, frequency = 50 Hz, Power input = 50 W

(a) 50, 20 (b) 25, 10

52. A 200V/100V 2-winding transformer is connected as a step-down auto transformer in

(b) 100, 100

(c) 300, 100

(d) 100, 300

(b) 500 (b) 1000

54. The windings are usually provided with tappings on ____________.

(a) LV windings (b) Territory windings

55. Which of the following core has linear characteristics?

(a) Air core (b) Steel core

(a) 65A, 35A (b) 80A, 20A

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(a) Star-star (b) Star-delta

60. When compared to two winding transformers, auto-transformers have

(a) Lower leakage reactance (b) Lower losses

(a)30o in the clockwise direction

63. The ferrite cores are used for _____________ transformers.

(a)Unequal impedances, unequal voltage ratios, different KVA

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