Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DESIGN
PLANNING
AND PROCESS
By:
Ir. Mohammad Soffi Md Noh
Project Procedure
Construction project is an outcome of a collaborative venture involving
several stakeholders such as:
Civil &
Structural
Client / Engineer
Mechanical
Building Land
& Electrical
owner surveyor
Engineer
Contractor
CONSULTANT
Quantity
Architect
surveyor
Project Procedure
• An architect and engineer both participate in designing and building a structure,
whether it is a house or a skyscraper.
• An architect designs and draws up plans for buildings, bridges, and other structures.
The goal of an architect's design is to satisfy the customer's requirements, making the
appearance of the structure to the customer's liking and performing quality work.
• Civil and structural engineers have the responsibility of applying an architect's design
and carrying it through to construction. The goal of these engineers is to satisfy the
customer's requirements and make the design functional and safe.
• Other engineers that may be involved in building design are electrical engineers for
the lighting systems, mechanical engineers for the elevator, and plumbing engineers
for the plumbing system, among others.
• The key difference between an architect and an engineer is that an architect focuses
more on the artistry and design of the building, while the engineer focuses more on
the technical and structural side.
Project Procedure
• While the architect is concerned with making the building aesthetically pleasing, an
engineer makes sure that the building is functional and safe.
• To develop and present their designs, both architects and engineers use technical
drawings called blueprints. A blueprint is the detailed drawing presented by an
architect or engineer that outlines their design.
• In designing any structure, an architect has to plan out his/her ideas by making a
scaled drawing. Before an engineer can approve an architect's design, they have to
analyze the design and select materials that can safely uphold the structure.
• An engineer takes the blueprint presented by an architect and determines whether or
not it is possible to build, and what are the best materials to use. Different materials
have different advantages, such as greater strength or greater flexibility.
• There are a lot of decisions that go into every minor detail of designing and building
structures. In order to design safe structures that will last for many decades, engineers
must stay current on the properties of materials, know about design flaws and
research new engineering technology.
Project Procedure
Typically, a construction project involves three phases as follows:
1) Planning phase
2) Design phase
Planning is normally
carried out by an architect 3) Construction phase
to determine the Once the building form and
arrangement and layout of layout have been
the building to meet the approved, details of the The plans and designs conceived on paper
client’s requirements with project have to be worked are translated into reality. A structure
due regard to aesthetic, out by various consultants. which may have been well-planned and
well-designed has to be well-built. The
environmental and responsibility for this not only lies within
economic considerations. the contractor who is entrusted with the
execution, but also with the construction
engineers who undertake supervision on
behalf of the consultants.
Project Procedure
Tasks of structural engineer:
• Selection of the most appropriate structural system and idealization of the
1 structure into frames and elements,
• Estimation of loading,
2
Position and
Positioning of Spanning of Selecting proper
orientation of Layouts of stairs
beams slabs type of footing
columns