Module 3: BKF2741 Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory I

1.0 Title of Experiment

Effect of different acid type on solid liquid reaction process for neutralization reaction

2.0 Objective
To study and investigate the effect of acid types on solid-liquid reaction

3.0 Introduction
Solid-liquid reactions are commonly found in our daily life. For example,
panadol soluble, medicine for fever, produces gases when it dissolved in water. The
alkaline earth metals, comprising Group I and Group II can be obtained naturally as
carbonate compound. Limestone is one of the carbonate compounds that widely
found in Malaysia and used in cements production. In cements production, the
reaction between clay (CaAl2SiO8) and limestone (Ca2CO3) will be carried out.

In acid-base reaction, an acid is mixed with a base, resulting the formation of

water along with a salt. In this study, calcium carbonate, CaCO3 will react with acidic
solution to form salt, water and carbon dioxide. The ionic reaction path is as follow:

2− +
CO 3 +2 H 3 O →3 H 2 O+CO 2

The rate of a reaction may be measured by following the loss of a reactant or

the formation of a product. Solutions of strong (HCl) or weak (acetic acid) acids are
commonly used as descaling agents to remove limescale deposits. A strong acid is an
acid which is fully ionized in solution while a weak acid is an acid which is only
partially ionized in solution.

Based on the reaction path, an experimental study to investigate the effects of

solid-liquid reaction in batch reactor will be conducted. Agitation, temperature, and
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FKKSA/DKK2771/Module/Rev01/29/08/12
Module 03: DKK2771 Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory

acid concentration are among the parameters that affect the reaction condition. The
diversity of acid will give an interesting reaction path to be studied. The effects can
be investigated using the following procedure:

4.0 Experimental Procedure

4.1 Reaction of CaCO3 with Hydrochloric Acid
1. Weight 1.40-1.50 g of CaCO3 and add into a 250 mL conical flask.
2. Prepare 0.20 M of HCl solution. Using a burette, titrate the 10 mL of HCl
slowly. Record your observation.
3. Measure 140 mL of 0.20 M HCl using measuring cylinder and fill it inside the
conical flask.
4. Add magnetic stirrer and place it on a hot plate stirrer for 1 minute. After that,
measure the pH (Attention: please do not measure the pH during stirring
period).
5. Titrate another 1 mL of HCl and stir for 1 minute. Measure the pH and repeat
this procedure for 12 times (12 x mL).
6. Record your observation.

4.2 Reaction of CaCO3 with Sulfuric Acid

1. Weight 1.40-1.50 g of CaCO3 and add into a 250 mL conical flask
2. Prepare 0.20 M of H2SO4 solution. Using a burette, titrate 10 mL of H2SO4
slowly. Record your observation.
3. Measure 60 mL of 0.20 M H2SO4 using measurement cylinder and fill it inside
the conical flask.
4. Add magnetic stirrer and place it on a hot plate stirrer for 1 minute. After that,
measure the pH (Attention: please do not measure the pH during stirring
period).
5. Titrate another 1 mL of H2SO4 and stir for 1 minute. Measure the pH and
repeat this procedure for 12 times (12 x mL).

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FKKSA/DKK2771/Module/Rev01/29/08/12
Module 03: DKK2771 Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory

6. Record your observation.

4.3 Reaction of CaCO3 with Acetic acid

1. Weight 1.40-1.50 g of CaCO3 and add into a 250 mL conical flask.
2. Prepare 0.20 M of acetic acid solution. Using a burette, titrate the 10 mL of
CH3COOH slowly. Record your observation.
3. Measure 70 mL of 0.20 M CH3COOH using measurement cylinder and fill it
inside the conical flask.
4. Add magnetic stirrer and place it on a hot plate stirrer for 1 minute. After that,
measure the pH (Attention: please do not measure the pH during stirring
period).
5. Titrate another 1 mL of CH3COOH and stir for 1 minute. Measure the pH and
repeat this procedure for 12 times (12 x mL).
6. Record your observation.

5.0 DATA COLLECTION

No. Acid volume, mL pH

6.1 Discussion
1. Plot pH graph versus volume (mL) for each acidic solution studied and write a
discussion to elaborate the graph.

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FKKSA/DKK2771/Module/Rev01/29/08/12
Module 03: DKK2771 Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory

2. Calculate amount of acid required theoretically and from the experimental

done base on the amount of CaCO3 used. Compared the value obtained.
3. Why the titration pH doesn’t achieved pH of 7 for acidic reaction with CaCO3
when CaCO3 react as limited substances? Explain.
4. Every reaction produces different color. Explain.

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FKKSA/DKK2771/Module/Rev01/29/08/12