COMSATS UNIVERSITY

ISLAMABAD, VIRTUAL
CAMPUS
HUM111 Pakistan Studies
 COMSATS University Islamabad, Virtual Campus
HUM111 Pakistan Studies
Assignment # 2
Fall 2020

Instructions

 Your assignment should be submitted as a MS Word document.

 The answer should be in proper English. Be careful of grammar. Avoid the use of
ungrammatical expressions within your answer.
 There is a zero-tolerance policy for plagiarism. Assignments found with copy pasted
material or copied from fellows will not be accepted.
 Submit your assignment on your CU Online LMS portal within the given time frame.
Emailed assignments will not be entertained.

Assignment Task [Marks 10, CLO2-A3]

As you know, due to the current year heavy monsoon rains, many cities are affected by the
urban flooding. What do you understand by the term flooding? What measures should be
taken to overcome the natural hazards like urban flooding in Karachi?

Good luck!

Flooding
Definition:

Floods are a locale of study in the control of hydrology. They

are the most notable and all over trademark outrageous
atmosphere fiasco. Floods can appear to be absolutely unique
considering the way that flooding covers anything from a few
creeps of water to a couple of feet a flood is a flow of water
that brings down towards the land that is regularly dry.

Urban flooding:

Urban flooding is the immersion of land or property in a

constructed climate, especially in more thickly populated
zones, brought about by rainfall overpowering the limit of
drainage frameworks, for example, storm sewers. Albeit
occasionally set off by functions, for instance, streak flooding
or snowmelt, urban flooding is a condition, portrayed by its
dull and essential effects on networks that can happen whether
or not affected organizations are arranged inside allocated
floodplains or near any waterway. Close to probably surge of
streams and lakes, snowmelt, storm water or water conveyed
from harmed water mains may gather on property and
transparently advantages of-way, spill through building
dividers and floors, or support into structures through sewer
lines, restrooms and sinks.

In urban zones, flood effects can be exacerbated by existing

cleared streets and roads, which accelerate streaming water.
Invulnerable surfaces shield precipitation from infiltrating into
the ground, hence causing a higher surface run-off that may
be in excess of close by squander limit. The flood stream in
urbanized districts builds up a danger to both the general
population and establishment.

Mitigation:
 1. Unmaintained garbage:
Urban floods happen due to unmaintained drains, plastic
sacks, trash and other waste materials block the pipelines and
the water streams outwards on streets.
2. Environmental change:
It is another explanation behind weighty rainfalls so the urban
organizers should remember this factor while arranging the
towns or structures.
3. Social responsibility:
The inhabitants should assume liability and guarantee that
plastic packs or used food plates are not thrown in the open or
in the nearby channels.
4. Trash Assortment:
There must an appropriate arrangement of trash assortment
and sewage removal and customary cleaning of drains and
pipelines.
5. Reaping by rain water:
Rain water reaping should be made conceivable.
6. Responsibility:
Responsibility of government authorities and metropolitan
specialists if drains are not appropriately cleaned.
7. Penalties:
Exacting move ought to be made for individuals tossing trash
straightforwardly.
8. Alarms
Ideal alarms to individuals in the event that there is
expectation of hefty rainfall. This can help individuals and
forestall misfortunes of lives.
9. Urbanization:
Quick urbanization, industrialization and people improvement
have in like manner added to squander systems getting
obstructed. These channels can't take the heaviness of colossal
water collected as a result of significant deluge, provoking
waterlogging.
 10. Urban organic frameworks:
Organic frameworks including marshlands, wetlands, lakes
and waterways have reliably crumbled.
11. Green surfaces:
Making the green surfaces will help in engrossing the rain
water.
12. Reusing rainwater:
The rain water can be put away, prepared and be utilized for
purposes like washing, planting and gathering and so forth
13. Permeable surfaces:
Because of urbanization, impermeable surfaces are normal, so
permeable and green surfaces can ingest water.
14. Instructions:
State funded instruction can build the populace's
consciousness of the risks and they can participate in relief of
the urban flooding.
15. Shifting people:
Individuals who live in high danger zones should be shipped
off some more secure spots where the danger is low.