ORAL COMMUNICATION

Laughing girl
Forms of Communication
Communication
-process of exchanging message  Verbal (Spoken communication)
-process of sending and receiving message -process of conveying thoughts
through verbal and non-verbal  Non-verbal
-communis: to be common -wordless cues

Elements: Types of Non-verbal communication

1. Sender- initiates 1.Proxemics- distance of the sender to

encode message receiver
send -intimate distance (hugging or kissing)
2. Receiver- decipher less than 6 to 18 inches
receives -Personal distance (to friends and family)
decodes message 1.5 ft to 4 ft
put idea into -Social (conversing with acquaintance)
3. Channel- medium that the sender use in 4 to 12 ft
transmitting messages -Public distance
4. Message- content 12 to 25 ft or more
heart 2. Kinesics- body language
of the message
reason
5. Feedback- lead the sender know if he had 3. Chronemics- role of time
delivered the message
4. Paralanguage- manner how speaker talk
carefully
(tone, pitch)
6. Noise- *they believe that communication is
not always successful* Different Type of Noise
Mc Cornack, 2014: communication is process of o Physical- noise coming from
sharing and conveying messages or environment
informations from one person to another o Psychological- things going inside our
through or within cross channels, media and head
culture. o Physiological- something what’s
Nature of Communication happening to our body
o Semantic- inability to recognize or
1. Communication is a process understand language (grammar)
2. Communication occurs between two or more
person Dell Hymes Paradigm
3.It can be expressed through written or spoken
Setting
words and action or both at the same time. S where and why

Participant
P
who

E
 End
why
reading of delivering message
Laswell’s Communication Model
Act
>>earliest model
A How
>>Harold Laswell
manner of sender in delivering message
>> consist of 5 basic elements in linear pattern
Key
K
significance of the message

Instrument
I
or medium

Norm
N what Harold Laswell
what is the topic all about >American political scientist
Genre >known for application of psychology to politics
G which kind and his attempts to construct a system of
politics modeled on theories on the natural
Forms of Discourse science
>president of American political science
o Exposition- to explain or inform
association
ex.: Research paper
o Description- to state a characteristics Shannon-Weaver Model
o Narration- to tell a story or narrate >>mother of all communication model
o Argument- to argue Transmitter: encoding of message to signals
ex.: essay Receiver decodes
Destination- receiver himself
Types of Communication

 Intrapersonal- talking to yourself

 Interpersonal- talking to one or more
people
 Public communication

Communication Model
>graphic representation of an element
>presents relationship
Claude Elwood Shannon(1961-2001)
Linear Communication Model
>Mathematician and electronic engineer
>>one-way activity in which information flows >”A Mathematical Theory of Communication”
from sender to receiver
>>Aristotelian Warren Weaver (1894-1978)
>>simplest model >American scientist
Example: listening to radio, watching news on tv

Sender Receiver
Transaction Model
>simultaneous activity. The sender and the
receiver are called participant since they both
sending or receiving messages.
>feedback is important
Dean Barnlund (1920-1992)
>author of several book
>addressed linear model communication by
developing his transaction model
Osgood and Schramm Model
>>endless “circular” flow of conversation
ex.” Class recitation
Charles Osgood
>American psychologist, developed a technique
for measuring the connotative meaning of
concepts
Wilbur Schramm
>one of the founding father of mass
communication field
Berlo’s Communication Model
>points out the importance of the relationship
of the encoder and decoder
>the source should always consider the receive
so he could speak accordingly.
David Berlo
>student of schramm who founded the
department of communication at Michigan
State University
Helical Model
>>promotes an upward and forward movement
>> shows that knowledge increases as
interaction goes on
Frank Dance
>proposed communication inspired by a helixin
1967
> A helix is a three-dimensional spring like
curve in the shape of a
cylinder or a cone
Functions of Communications
Regulatory or Controlled
-more noticeable in formal organizations
-those regarded as high-ranking in that org’s
status often initiates this function
ex.: parents-children, Employer-employee,
teacher-student
Social Interaction
-attention is shared by individual
-communication between two or more
individual
ex.: sales agent-customer, employees eating
together
Information Dissemination
-impart facts
Emotional Expression
Speech Style
-manner a person speaks
“You have to consider all the variables in the
communication process.”- Madruno,2011
“In engaging in communication, you use a
specific style application with the occasion.”-
Joos (?),1962 from book of Five Clocks
Casual
-common among peers and friends
-use of jargon, slang, vernacualar
-Contarction ‘m=am(I’m)
-H-reduction Did he get it?= Diddy get it?
-Syllable Reduction Chocolate=Choc’late
Intimate Speech Style
-reserved for people you are particularly close
to
Consultative Speech Style
-standard one
-professional or mutually acceptable language is
a must
-teacher and student, doctor and patient
Formal Style
-one-way communication
-sermons by priest, SONA
Frozen Style
-frozen in time and remains unchanged
-mostly occurs in ceremonies
Intercultural Communication
-is the verbal and non-verbal interaction
between people from different cultural
backgrounds
>takes place when our cultural group
membership factors affect our communication-
Ting Toomey (1999)
>it is situated communication between
individual or groups of different linguistic and
cultural origins- LANGUA
Variations:
Interracial Communication
-interaction bet. And among two different races
-specifically a communication bet. Whites and
non-whites
Interethnic Communication
-communication between two different ethnic
group
International Communication
-frequently engaged through representative of
those nations (Rich, 1974)
Intracultual Communication
-includes all forms of communication among
members of the same racial, ethnic, or cultural
group
Barriers:
Cultural Identity
>values, attitudes, belief and tradition a person
absorbed from the place where he was born
Racial Identity
>how person’s membership in a particular race
affects how they interact with people from
other countries
Social Class
>division of society
Gender and Role Identity
>how a person sees and accept the role of men
and women in the society
Age
>age group a person belongs
New Yorker of Tondo
Main Character:
"Tony"
Tony is the sophisticated “Tondo Boy” of the
story. He is one of the main characters. He is
the lover of Kikay and Nena both, making him a
two timer. He is kind, sweet, friendly and caring
to his friends Portrayed by Josiah Oswald
Macadangdang.
"Kikay"
“Kikay” or “Francesca” is the New Yorker in
Tondo. Originally a Binondo girl but studied at
New York to learn more about Beauty and Hair
Designs. She is a trying hard american, and
forces her Mother to also act like her. Her
behavior changed when she came back from
New York which her friends find really strange.
She is Tony’s Fiance.
"Nena"
Nena is Kikay’s long term BFF, until Kikay left for
New York of course. She is another member of
their group, the tomboyish, demure but strong
type of girl. She likes Tony but Totoy has a
secret crush on her. She is kind and true to her
friends. Portrayed by Neya Montalbo.
"Totoy"
The original kanto/tondo/achupz boulevard
boy. The prankster yet sensitive boy that always
follows nena where ever she goes. He is Tony’s
bestfriend. He is kind, sweet, funny, sensitive,
quite idiotic but very loyal and true to his
friends. Portrayed by Lester Sestina.
We can also say, It portrays the actuality how
most people likely forget their real identity once
they move overseas. And this is true among
some Filipinos abroad although we can't really
blamed those folks who altered their ways
because they have to incorporate themselves in
the new environment that they are in. They
were put in those circumstances, and they have
to deal with it since in the long run, they moved
to get a better life.
Kind of Play:
New Yorker in Tondo is a famous Filipino one-
act play of Marcelino Agana Jr. written in 1956.
It is a popular type of comedy which is based on
situations that might happen in everyday life. It
is a comedy for everyone because it delivers
more value and meaning by transcending the
belief that one can take out of the Philippines,
but the Philippines cannot be taken out in
oneself.

"Aling Atang"/Mrs. Mendoza

The ever caring Mother of Kikay, she is a true

binondo girl and hates the way Kikay wants her
to act as a sophisticated american,. Her accent
is a trying hard filipino-english accent. She is
caring and loving to her daughter and her
daughter’s friends. Despises Totoy for being an
imbecile but enjoys his company as well.
Portrayed by Jecebelle Navarette.

Conflict:

The conflict in the story New Yorker in Tondo is

that Kikay has taken on all of the style and
attitude of New York and brought it back with
her to her Philippines home. Her friends and
family find her behavior odd.