Tutorials (Rate of Reactions)

QUESTION 1 (2006 CT3 jan)

Glucose is one of the most basic energy sources for living organisms. The energy from the glucose can be
obtained through both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
The energy profile graph for fermentation of glucose solution to form ethanol and carbon dioxide is
shown below:

(a) On the energy profile diagram, show the effect of catalyst. (2m)
(b) Explain how using of catalyst can increase the rate of reaction (2m)

QUESTION 2 (CT32007M)

Two experiments are carried out using equal masses of calcium carbonate chunks and two
different concentrations of hydrochloric acid.The results are shown on the graph below:

Where;

________0.0200 molL-1
hydrochloric acid, 200mL

--------- 0.0500 molL-1

hydrochloric acid, 200mL

(a) State which is the limiting reagent in this experiment. (1m)

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(b) Write a chemical equation for this experiment. (2m)

(c) Identify from the graph, when the reaction with 0.0500 molL-1 hydrochloric acid
has completed and hence calculate the average reaction rate. (3m)
(d) Using collision theory, explain why 0.0500 molL-1 hydrochloric acid has higher reaction
rate than 0.0200 molL-1 hydrochloric acid when they react with calcium carbonate. (2m)
(e) If the experiment is carried out at a lower temperature, state and explain what happen to the
reaction rate. (3m)
(f) The experiment with 0.0500 molL-1 hydrochloric acid was repeated using equal mass of
powdered calcium carbonate. Draw the expected results onto the graph. (2m)

QUESTION 3(2007)

In the absence of sunlight and at a low concentration of NO 2, ozone is removed from the
atmosphere, as shown in the reaction below:
NO + O3 ----- NO2 + O2
In a laboratory investigation of this reaction the concentration of ozone was measured over a
period of time with the results shown in the graph below:

(a) Using collision theory, explain why the concentration of O3 fell more rapidly in the
first 3-minute interval than in the interval between 3 and 6 minutes. (3m)
(b) On the graph above, sketch the curve that would be expected if this reaction were carried
out under the same conditions but with the addition of a catalyst. (2m)

QUESTION4 (2004)

Ethanol and petrol are both used as fuels.

The process of fermentation converts glucose into ethanol. In an experiment, yeast was added to a
solution of glucose and the rate of fermentation was measured at several different temperatures. The
results were plotted on a graph, as shown in the diagram below:
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(a) The rate of fermentation increases as the temperature increases from A to B. State why the
percentage of molecular collisions resulting in reactions increases as the temperature
increases.(1m)
(b) State why the rate of fermentation is lower at C than at B

QUESTION 5

The graph below shows the results of a series of experiments at room temperature

Note: The amount of HCl used is an excess.

(a) Write an equation for the reaction occurring.

(b) State a hypotheses that can be tested using the above series of experiments
(c) Comment on the instantaneous rate in experiment B at 1 minute compared to the rate at 2
minutes stating the information you use.

Question 6 (2012 trial)

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Decomposition of bread produces carbon dioxide gas. The release of carbon dioxide gas can be used to
indicate the progress of the decomposition.
A student wanted to investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of decomposition of bread. The
student carried out the reaction at four different temperatures and recorded the volume of carbon dioxide
gas produced every 30 minutes until no more carbon dioxide gas produced. The results are shown in the
graph below:

(a) State the independent variable in this investigation. (1 m)

(b) Using the graph above, construct a table for recording the volume of carbon dioxide gas
collected every 30 minutes interval at four different temperatures. There is no need to add
the data to the table. (2m)

QUESTION 7

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decomposes in alkaline solution to form water vapour and oxygen. The
experimental results for such a decomposition reaction are tabulated below for 25C.

Concentration of 0.06 0.03

0.25 0.15 0.113 0.072 0.049 0.042 0.038 0.030 0.030
H2O2 , molL-1 5 2
Time of reaction,
0 10 30 65 75 105 120 135 150 190 210
minutes

(a) Plot a graph of H2O2 concentration versus time of reaction.

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(5 marks)

Question 8

An increase in temperature causes the rate of production of glucose by enzyme-catalysed hydrolysis.

a) Explain why a small increase in temperature causes the rate of production of glucose to
increase.
b) Explain why a large increase in temperature causes the rate of production of glucose to
decreases.
Question 9
In industry the process of producing polythene requires high pressure and the use of catalyst.
State the advantages to the manufacturer of using catalyst in the process. Give your reasons.

Question 10
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A rapid reaction occurs when nitrogen triiodide (NI3) is touched lightly with a feather. The
decomposition of nitrogen triiodide is an exothermic.
a) Draw an energy profile diagram for the reaction. Label the activation energy on the
diagram.

(3m)

b) Explain why a chemist should not attempt to store nitrogen triiodide for later use. (2m)

Question 11

Glow sticks contain hydrogen peroxide and a phenyl oxalate ester which react when the inner
capsule is broken.

The reaction releases energy which is transferred to a fluorescent dye and the fluorescent dye
emits the energy as visible light.

a) Two glow sticks are placed in equal volumes of water. One glow stick is placed in warm
water (50oC) and other one is placed in ice water (4oC). Explain, using the collision
theory, why the glow stick in warm water glows more brightly. (4m)
b) State, using collision theory, two reasons why the glow stick in ice water glows, less
brightly (2m)

Question 12
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Two students conduct an experiment to determine the effect of temperature on the rate of
reaction between sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) and hydrochloric acid (HCl).

Sodium thiosulfate solution reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to form sulfur, a cloudy yellow-
white precipitate during the reaction. The time taken for ‘X’ mark to disappear caused by the
cloudiness is measured.

The students changed the temperature of sodium thiosulfate solution and repeated the
experiment.

a) State the independent and dependent variables in the experiment.

Independent :
Dependent :
b) State an appropriate hypothesis for the experiment.
c) State two variable that must be held constant in this experiment.