ch.4 Test

The Cultural Landscape, 11e (Rubenstein)
Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture
1) The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of a group of
people, is a
A) custom.
B) popular culture.
C) habit.
D) taboo.
E) character trait.
Answer: A
2) A repetitive act performed by an individual is a

A) custom.
B) popular culture.
C) habit.
D) taboo.
E) character trait.
Answer: C
3) Jeans provide a good example of material culture that is adopted by a number of different
societies. They are also an example of
A) punk culture.
B) popular culture.
C) folk culture.
D) white-collar culture.
Answer: B
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4) In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is more likely to vary
A) from place to place at a given time.
B) from time to time at a given place.
C) both from place to place and from time to time, in equal measure.
D) neither from place to place nor from time to time.
E) only in more developed countries.
Answer: B
5) In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is typical of large and

A) homogeneous groups.
B) heterogeneous groups.
C) groups living in isolated rural areas.
D) groups that have little interaction with other groups.
E) groups of specialists.
Answer: B
6) Judging from the discussions of other clothing in this chapter, we could say that hoodies are
an example of ________ adopted by a number of different groups segmented by age, class,
ethnicity, and other factors. Hoodies are a versatile element of popular culture.
A) punk culture
B) material culture
C) folk culture
D) immaterial culture
E) youth culture
Answer: B
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7) By analyzing the distribution of folk culture in our surroundings, we can surmise that
A) folk culture would not exist without small scale and local migration.
B) folk culture does not diffuse through relocation diffusion.
C) several elements of folk culture may have multiple, unknown origins.
D) folk culture can only be transmitted orally across time and location.
E) several elements of folk culture tend to replace elements of popular culture.
Answer: C
8) Typically, popular culture

A) originates in a number of locations at the same time.
B) reflects the characteristics of a distinctive physical environment.
C) experiences frequent changes through time and space.
D) is practiced by small homogeneous groups.
E) is practiced by small heterogeneous groups that become large homogeneous groups.
Answer: C
9) Folk cultures are spread primarily by

A) contagious diffusion.
B) hierarchical diffusion.
C) relocation diffusion.
D) stimulus diffusion.
E) epidemic diffusion.
Answer: C
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10) Before reaching other parts of ________ and, eventually, marginalized urban areas
throughout the country, Hip hop music originated in the late 1970s in the South Bronx.
A) Chicago
B) Boston
C) Baltimore
D) New York City
E) Philadelphia
Answer: D
11) In recent decades, popular customs have most frequently originated in

A) more developed countries.
B) less developed countries.
C) formerly communist countries.
D) countries with large rural populations.
E) Latin America and Africa.
Answer: A
12) One significant impact of popular culture is to

A) create a more varied and less uniform landscape.
B) promote the diffusion of folk culture.
C) modify the physical environment.
D) spread through relocation diffusion.
E) diffuse at the expense of globalization.
Answer: C
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13) Based on what you have read about globalization, you could surmise that the main effect of
modern communications on social customs has been to
A) preserve folk cultures, by increasing awareness of their uniqueness.
B) stimulate the diffusion of folk cultures around the world.
C) increase the similarity of social customs in different locations.
D) have little effect on the diffusion of social customs.
E) slow the rate of change.
Answer: C
14) As components of group identity and cultural learning, folk customs usually originate from
A) the "discovery" of leisure time.
B) the application of industrial technology.
C) familiar events in daily life.
D) a traumatic event unique to the history of a particular social group.
E) global communications, such as television and the Internet.
Answer: C
15) When we analyze the patterns of popular culture in our surroundings, we can surmise that
A) all culture is transmitted from one location to another through small scale and local migration.
B) popular culture diffuses through relocation diffusion.
C) nodes of innovation are central to the process of hierarchical diffusion.
D) unlike folk culture, popular culture is usually transmitted orally across time and location.
E) it is impossible for us to make scientific observations about the diffusion of popular culture.
Answer: C
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16) We can deduce from the examples of popular music, fashionable clothing, and electronic
applications around us that the rapid diffusion of popular culture
A) discourages people in different places to adopt different customs.
B) depends on modern communication systems.
C) is an example of relocation diffusion.
D) conserves natural resources.
E) always occurs at the expense of folk culture.
Answer: B
17) The distribution of the subjects of art in the Himalayas shows how folk cultures
A) always include paintings of religious subjects.
B) are influenced by distinctive vegetation, climate, and religion.
C) avoid painting animate objects.
D) typically paint scenes of nature but not people.
E) abandon customary forms as they engage in migration.
Answer: B
18) Which concept is the contemporary geographer likely to reject?

A) Local resources make some cultural choices more likely than others.
B) People in similar environments adopt different social customs.
C) People are influenced by their physical environment.
D) People in different environments adopt similar social customs.
E) The physical environment causes people to adopt social customs.
Answer: E
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19) The global diffusion of popular culture may threaten folk culture by
A) being less responsive to the diversity of local environments.
B) threatening local environments through the diffusion of information by technology.
C) serving as a catalyst for the advancement of folk culture.
D) being more responsive to the diversity of local environments.
Answer: A
20) Folk songs are more likely than popular songs to

A) tell a story about life-cycle events, work, or natural disasters.
B) be considered examples of culture.
C) feature instruments and styles of performance associated with dance clubs.
D) be transmitted in written form.
E) be written by specialists for commercial distribution.
Answer: A
21) An example of a folk custom used to diffuse information about agriculture is

A) Armed Forces Radio.
B) Association Football.
C) Himalayan hip hop.
D) Vietnamese songs.
E) a cartoon about talking animals in Madagascar.
Answer: D
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22) Hip hop music demonstrates an interplay between globalization and local diversity because
A) it is a form of folk culture responsible for the globalization of modern music.
B) it is a part of popular culture which threatens to overwhelm local folk cultures.
C) artists may be widely popular yet still make local references in their song lyrics.
D) some lyrics can't be transmitted over the radio and television.
E) hip hop music is played in many Islamic countries.
Answer: C
23) Like hip hop music, music from the border region between the southwestern United States
and northern Mexico might be expected to
A) reflect almost exclusively on themes of drug culture and violence.
B) be an aspect of popular culture which threatens to overwhelm local folk cultures.
C) incorporate local, national, and global themes as it demonstrates an interplay between
globalization and localism.
D) feature potentially offensive lyrics in order to guarantee its widespread transmission via radio
and television.
E) have diffused originally from one district of a large city.
Answer: C
24) The spatial distribution of soccer during the twentieth century is an example of
A) folk culture.
B) habit.
C) popular culture.
D) taboo.
E) relocation diffusion.
Answer: C
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25) We can surmise from the discussion of other sports in this chapter that the current
distribution of bowling is another example of
A) a folk custom becoming part of a popular culture.
B) nearly all sports being examples of folk culture resisting the globalizing influences of popular
culture.
C) television infusing all sports into popular culture.
D) a folk culture arising out of a folk custom.
E) sport being more important in less developed countries.
Answer: A
26) Cultural diversity is promoted by

A) the relative isolation of a group from others.
B) globalization.
C) the rapid movement of goods and services across borders.
D) expansion diffusion.
E) the connections between homogeneous groups.
Answer: A
27) The diffusion of jeans is a good example primarily of the

A) diffusion of popular culture.
B) adoption of unique folk culture.
C) impact of high income on clothing habits.
D) opposition to globalization.
E) increasing incidence of synthetic textiles replacing natural fibers.
Answer: A
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28) A particular preference for a new clothing style is more likely than a folk custom to
A) evolve rapidly owing to the isolation of different groups.
B) rapidly diffuse through modern communication and transportation.
C) reflect the unique characteristics of the physical landscape.
D) have an unknown source of origin.
E) resist the influences of multinational corporations.
Answer: B
29) The choice of clothing in Western countries is strongly influenced by

A) occupation but not level of income.
B) level of income but not occupation.
C) knowledge of fashion elsewhere, as well as the level of folk culture.
D) occupation, income, and knowledge of fashion elsewhere.
E) fashion only.
Answer: D
30) Terroir refers to

A) a group's sense of place.
B) a group's food taboos.
C) the relationship between the physical environment and culture.
D) an act of violence that may have been, in part, a reaction against globalization.
E) the sum of the effects of the local environment on a food item.
Answer: E
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31) A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom is a
A) folk culture.
B) habit.
C) popular culture.
D) taboo.
E) tariff.
Answer: D
32) A taboo against pork is a characteristic of

A) Judaism and Islam.
B) Judaism and Buddhism.
C) Christianity and Buddhism.
D) Christianity and Hinduism.
E) Islam and Hinduism.
Answer: A
33) Which aspect of the local environment is the least important for wine production?
A) climate
B) soil types
C) topography
D) proximity to lakes or a river
E) proximity to cities
Answer: E
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34) Little wine is produced in Asia primarily because
A) grapes do not grow in these regions.
B) wines can be imported more cheaply.
C) religious taboos discourage consumption.
D) the people do not have a tradition of wine making.
E) soil contaminants produce bad grapes.
Answer: D
35) The geographer Vidal de la Blache regarded food supply as

A) the weakest available example of a folk custom.
B) the folk custom least closely tied to a particular climate.
C) more subject to modification than weapons.
D) less subject to modification than clothing and weapons.
E) a limited resource that would not keep up with population growth.
Answer: D
36) China produces a relatively large amount of pork compared to the countries of Southwestern
Asia primarily because
A) Muslims have a taboo against pork consumption.
B) China's physical environment is less suitable to raising pigs.
C) China has more people than the countries of Southwest Asia.
D) rice is the main cereal grain grown in China.
E) southwestern Asia does not have enough water for pig farming.
Answer: A
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37) Americans' preferences for beverages and snacks
A) vary according to what is produced locally.
B) do not vary from one region of the country to another.
C) do not vary according to religious differences.
D) are primarily dependent on income differences.
E) All of these answers are correct.
Answer: A
38) In which state would alcohol consumption be relatively low?

A) Kentucky
B) Nevada
C) New York
D) Utah
E) California
Answer: D
39) The distribution of alcohol consumption in the United States displays which characteristic of
popular culture?
A) rapid diffusion
B) the lack of a correlation to level of income
C) barriers owing to the physical environment
D) local tastes in beer vary too much for national brands to compete effectively
E) uniform distribution across the landscape
Answer: A
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40) The ________ is an important source area for U.S. folk house types.
A) Lower Chesapeake
B) Southern Atlantic
C) Northeast
D) Upper New York highland
E) Southwest
Answer: A
41) The most important house style in the United States since the 1960s is known as
A) neo-traditional.
B) contemporary.
C) split-level.
D) neo-eclectic.
E) sandbox.
Answer: D
42) Examining elements of folk and popular culture like house styles is particularly well suited
to the geographic method of
A) GIS.
B) census.
C) field work.
D) statistics.
E) cartography.
Answer: C
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43) Pioneer farmers settling the grasslands of the American West often built houses of sod, while
early settlers of the eastern forest built wooden structures like log cabins. This suggests that
building materials
A) are strongly influenced by local resources.
B) are commonly imported over long distances because of local folk culture.
C) are chosen because of the diffusion of popular culture.
D) are a uniform feature of folk culture.
E) are elements of popular culture.
Answer: A
44) Today, house types in the United States are distinguished by all but which of the following?
A) They can still be divided into three distinct regions.
B) They display few regional distinctions.
C) They are usually mass-produced.
D) Alternative styles have diffused throughout the country.
E) They demonstrate how popular customs vary more in time than in place.
Answer: A
45) Diffusion of Internet service is following the earlier pattern of television, except that
A) the United States' share of world use is expanding.
B) diffusion is much faster.
C) diffusion is much slower.
D) the expansion of service is faster in Africa than Asia.
E) the initial use was in less developed countries.
Answer: B
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46) The trend of globalization has threatened
A) popular culture and folk culture relatively equally.
B) the folk customs of only a few isolated communities.
C) the spread of the international banking system.
D) folk culture more than popular culture.
E) folk culture, but only in the largest cities on each continent.
Answer: D
47) Given recent trends in communications, in the next five years the number of television
programs viewed over the Internet might be expected to
A) remain about the same.
B) decrease slowly as the number of broadcast television stations increases.
C) decrease slowly as cable and satellite television services offer more channels.
D) decrease dramatically.
E) increase dramatically.
Answer: E
48) The use of a horse and buggy by the Amish in the United States is an example of one
element of
A) folk culture.
B) habit.
C) popular culture.
D) taboo.
E) technological innovation.
Answer: A
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49) Some features of U.S. material culture such as gas stations, supermarkets, and motels
A) promote a uniform landscape.
B) reflect the preservation of folk culture.
C) provide diversity on the U.S. landscape.
D) promote diffusion of folk culture.
E) show high regional variation.
Answer: A
50) Marriage dowries in India reflect

A) that some families value male children more.
B) a traditional folk custom.
C) a popular fad.
D) the value of women as mothers and wives.
E) that most families value female children more.
Answer: A
51) Many less developed countries fear the loss of folk culture because
A) they do not want to preserve traditional values.
B) Western perspectives may become more dominant.
C) popular culture devalues women.
D) they want to avoid political disputes.
E) Western clothing styles are less comfortable.
Answer: B
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52) People maintain their folk culture despite familiarity with popular culture primarily because
of
A) the high cost of popular customs.
B) a concern for the physical environment.
C) a strong desire to preserve unique customs.
D) a lack of exposure to the media.
E) a fear of foreign influence.
Answer: C
53) Popular culture and folk culture can both result in a higher level of
A) extinction of animal species.
B) demand for raw materials.
C) consumption of animal products.
D) environmental degradation.
E) All of these answers are correct.
Answer: E
54) Which of the following characteristics is more typical of popular culture than folk culture?
A) It has an anonymous origin.
B) It diffuses slowly from its point of origin.
C) It results in a more uniform cultural landscape.
D) It is likely to be derived from physical conditions.
E) Communication is more limited.
Answer: C
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55) As they have more contact with popular culture, women in less developed countries are more
likely to
A) bear more children.
B) obtain food for the family.
C) gain more opportunities outside the home.
D) reduce the practice of prostitution.
E) be subservient to men.
Answer: C
56) Diffusion of popular customs can adversely impact environmental quality in two ways:
A) reducing demand for foreign products and promoting local crafts.
B) increased diversity and decreased demand.
C) depletion of scarce resources and pollution.
D) diversity of products and depletion of change.
E) using renewable materials and recycled designs.
Answer: C
57) One impact of large-scale consumption of chicken in more developed countries is to

A) cause chickens to become an endangered species.
B) make inefficient use of the world's grain supplies.
C) diffuse agricultural products into the physical environment.
D) encourage the development of a new food taboo.
E) displace pork producers.
Answer: B
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58) Which of the following statements reflects the environmental impact of culture?
A) Folk culture never causes environmental impacts while popular culture does.
B) Solid waste is the least visible of wastes generated from culture.
C) Popular culture may cause a rapid increase in demand for certain natural resources.
D) Environments are not affected by the level of pollution generated by human activity.
E) Folk culture does not affect the environment but popular culture does.
Answer: C
59) Culture can be defined as a repetitive act that a group performs until it becomes a
characteristic of a group.
Answer: FALSE
60) Lists or collections of customs can be used to define a culture.

Answer: TRUE
61) Culture refers to a habit that is widely adopted by a group of people.

Answer: FALSE
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62) Two social groups living in close proximity will retain unique social customs if there is
limited interaction between them.
Answer: TRUE
63) In contrast to popular culture, folk culture is more likely to vary from time to time at a given
place.
Answer: FALSE
64) Popular culture is more likely to be found in More Developed Countries.

Answer: TRUE
65) The physical environment commonly plays an important role in the development of unique
folk customs.
Answer: TRUE
66) The adoption of a popular custom often depends on a person's amount of disposable income.
Answer: TRUE
67) Although folk cultures have the same process of origin as popular culture, they have a more
limited process of diffusion.
Answer: FALSE
68) The origin of popular music is a good example of how folk culture originates.
Answer: FALSE
69) A major factor in the diffusion of British football was the presence of British citizens in other
countries.
Answer: TRUE
70) Organized spectator sports represent folk cultures since they commonly originate from
anonymous hearths.
Answer: FALSE
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71) Bostans, small gardens distributed throughout Istanbul, Turkey, have been supplying the city
with fresh vegetables for centuries by practicing intensive agriculture.
Answer: TRUE
72) Food taboos usually derive from unique characteristics in the physical environment.
Answer: FALSE
73) More precise geographic information is given on the label of an expensive bottle of wine
than on an inexpensive bottle.
Answer: TRUE
74) In general, folk culture is more likely to cause greater uniformity on the landscape than
popular culture.
Answer: FALSE
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75) International prostitution is encouraged in some Asian countries as a source of foreign
currency.
Answer: TRUE
76) Leaders of many developing countries fear that the spread of U.S. popular culture will
destroy traditional social behavior.
Answer: TRUE
77) Adoption of Western popular culture seldom results in the elimination of traditional folk
culture.
Answer: FALSE
78) Hotels, fast-food restaurants, and other franchises encourage a uniform appearance on the
landscape to promote customer recognition.
Answer: TRUE
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79) The highest concentration of golf courses within the United States is in the Sunbelt.
Answer: FALSE
80) What is the difference between a custom and a habit?

Answer: Custom is performed by group of people; habit by an individual.
81) What is one of the major differences in the origin of a popular culture compared to a folk
culture?
Answer: Popular customs are invented; folk customs have anonymous source, unknown date,
unknown originator.
82) How does the process of diffusion of a popular custom contrast with that of a folk custom?
Answer: Popular customs diffuse more rapidly, more extensively, and through modern
communications. Folk customs diffuse more slowly, at a smaller scale, and through migration.
83) Which country would have a higher per capita consumption of pork, India or China? Why?
Answer: China; taboo against pork consumption by Hindus
84) Which of these countries would you expect to have the highest wine production per capita:
France, Chile, or India? Which of the three would have the lowest?
Answer: France; India
85) Name three of the six countries in which television technology originally developed.
Answer: United States; United Kingdom; France; Germany; Japan; Soviet Union (any three)
86) What television technology foils attempts by the governments to restrict television access?
Answer: satellite dish antenna receivers
87) Why do promoters of popular customs, such as fast-food restaurants, seek to create a uniform
landscape appearance?
Answer: Recognition generates higher consumption.
Section: 4.10a Sustainability Challenges for Folk Culture
Learning Outcome: 4.18: Describe how popular culture can pollute the landscape
Global Sci L.O.: 7. Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geography
24
88) Why do leaders of some developing countries fear the loss of folk culture? And what
defensive measures might you recommend they take to protect folk culture?
Answer: loss of traditional values; fear of domination by Western countries. (The answers to the
second part will vary considerably.)
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: 4.15: Understand external threats to folk culture posed by electronic media
Global Sci L.O.: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
89) In what ways might gender (gender identities, roles, differences, and interactions) affect the
distribution of customs associated with entertainment offerings in your neighborhood? Which
seem to reinforce gender stereotypes and biases, and which seem to defy them? Which are more
associated with folk culture, and which with popular culture?
Answer: Varies
Section: 4 Folk and Popular Culture
Learning Outcome: 4. 3: Compare the distribution of folk and popular culture
90) In what ways do folk cultures respond differently than popular cultures to variations in the
local physical environment?
Answer: Varies
Section: 4.1 Characteristics of Folk and Popular Culture
91) Consult a transportation map or envision the distribution of the streets, highways, railways,
airports, and waterways in your area. How have these elements of the transportation
infrastructure influenced the diffusion of global popular culture, both into and out of your area?
With globalization in mind, judge the relative importance of each component of the
transportation system in your local area.
Answer: Varies
Learning Outcome: 4. 2: Compare the diffusion of folk and popular culture
25
92) Identify a hybrid, or syncretic, form of art, music, or architecture in your surroundings. What
elements of folk and popular culture does it combine? If you cannot identify any such hybrids in
your surroundings, imagine a new product or item of your own.
Answer: Varies
93) Evaluate your musical tastes in light of the characteristics discussed in this chapter. How
have your musical preferences been affected by the diffusion and distribution of folk and popular
music, perhaps even long before your favorite songs and groups first appeared?
Answer: Varies
Section: 4.2 Origin and Diffusion of Folk and Popular Music
Learning Outcome: 4. 4: Compare the characteristics of folk and popular music
94) Apply the insights on the diffusion of soccer to another sport with which you are familiar
(without doing additional, outside research), to formulate a hypothesis about the origins and
spread of your sport.
Answer: Varies
Section: 4.3 Origin and Diffusion of Folk and Popular Sports
Learning Outcome: 4. 5: Describe how sports have been transformed from folk to popular
culture
Global Sci L.O.: 9. Apply the scientific method in lab experiences to interpret information and
draw conclusions
95) Compare and contrast the distribution of jeans (or another clothing type) with the distribution
of wine. What factors seem to account for the differences?
Answer: Varies
Section: 4.4 Folk and Popular Clothing
Learning Outcome: 4. 7: Understand reasons for folk food preferences and taboos
26
96) Think of a food that you love. Think of a food that you dislike greatly. Sometimes even the
qualities that we take most for granted (like sweetness and saltiness) are culturally selected.
What perspectives does cultural geography provide to help you understand your choices of "best"
and "worst" foods?
Answer: Varies
Section: 4.5 Folk and Popular Food Preferences
97) What folk food preferences and taboos have you seen in your own family, or in other
families with which you are familiar? What might a cultural geographer say about these?
Answer: Varies
Section: 4.5 Folk and Popular Food Preferences
98) Name and discuss examples of sacred housing spaces in Asia. Also discuss how some of
your perceptions of or experiences with urban spaces might be analogous to these geographic
patterns.
Answer: Varies
Section: 4.6 Distribution of Folk and Popular Housing
Learning Outcome: 4. 9: Understand factors that influence patterns of folk housing
99) Excluding college dorm rooms, what kind of housing do you or your family have, and how
does it compare to the housing types discussed in this chapter? If you had to make an educated
guess (without conducting outside research), what patterns of diffusion might you say accounted
for these housing styles?
Answer: Varies
Section: 4.7 U.S. Housing
Learning Outcome: 4.10a: Understand variations in time and space of housing in the United
States
27
100) Discuss the ways in which television has diffused popular culture historically as well as in
your own experiences. How does your experience (or inexperience) with television compare to
those larger trends?
Answer: Varies
Section: 4.8 Electronic Diffusion of Popular Culture
Learning Outcome: 4.12: Describe the diffusion of TV around the world
101) Consider your use of electronic communications, including social media and the Internet.
When you shop for consumer products or seek out entertainment, do you tend to use this
"virtual" infrastructure more, less, or about the same as you use the physical infrastructure
(streets, highways, etc.)? In what ways might the former have partially displaced the latter? In
what ways might our need for the physical infrastructure have actually increased as Internet use
has spread?
Answer: Varies
Learning Outcome: 4.19: Describe how popular culture contributes to the depletion of scarce
natural resources
102) From your own experience, give an example of the diffusion of an element of popular
culture in your community, neighborhood, or school. Explain how it is similar to the examples
provided in this chapter and how a geographical perspective helps you to analyze and understand
it further.
Answer: Varies
Learning Outcome: 4. 2: Compare the diffusion of folk and popular culture
28
103) Thinking about your recent use of social media (or that of your friends, if you do not use
social media), what kinds of popular culture have you been most active in diffusing or
maintaining? What perspectives on this behavior does cultural geography provide?
Answer: Varies
Section: 4.9 Challenges in Accessing Electronic Media
Learning Outcome: 4.14: Compare the diffusion of the Internet and social media with the
diffusion of TV
104) Evaluate your use of the Internet over the last two weeks. In what way, if any, has your use
of social media, search engines, or other applications promoted or reinforced the interest of folk
(not popular) culture? If none of your recent Internet activities have involved folk culture, when
is the last time that you saw electronic resources supporting folk culture, and in what way? Does
your personal Internet use represent an indirect threat to some aspect(s) of folk culture? Why or
why not?
Answer: Varies
Section: 4.9 Challenges in Accessing Electronic Media
Learning Outcome: 4.15: Understand external threats to folk culture posed by electronic media
105) How do corporations manipulate folk images for their own purposes? Discuss an example
that you have seen in a corporate or political advertisement. How might this kind of manipulation
have contributed to the diffusion or distribution of related folk customs or materials?
Answer: Varies
29
106) How do movies, television shows, and advertisers portray famous sites around the world?
Do they tend to dedicate more resources to showing folk or popular culture? How realistic are
the depictions that they make? Give two or three examples and discuss the motivations and
effectiveness of their portrayals.
Answer: Varies
Learning Outcome: 4.17: Summarize challenges for folk culture from diffusion of popular
culture
107) Considering the changes that you have seen in your life (not the examples already given in
this chapter), discuss one way that you have seen popular culture impinge on folk culture. How
did you or other people that you know react to the situation, and why?
Answer: Varies
culture
108) Over the course of three days, keep a detailed record of all of the wrappers, containers,
bottles, cans, vegetable matter, and other items that you (a) throw into the garbage or (b) throw
into a recycling bin. Record each item on a separate line, noting its size, weight, and makeup
(animal, vegetable, mineral, paper, etc.). On the third day, compare your list to that of three or
four classmates. How much of the waste was directly linked to popular culture? How might you
change this pattern in the future? And in what ways did this project affect your habits—that is,
did you throw away less waste because you were paying special attention, or were other factors
involved? How would you judge the environmental impact of your classmates in comparison?
Answer: Varies
Section: 4.11 Sustainability Challenges for Popular Culture
Learning Outcome: 4.20: Summarize major sources of waste and the extent to which each is
recycled
30
109) In your direct experience, what are some of the negative impacts of the diffusion of popular
habits and customs that you have seen?
Answer: Varies
culture
110) On your college campus (in common areas, your residence, or your classroom), discuss one
way in which popular culture contributes to the depletion of scarce natural resources. What
factors (geographical and other) seem most to blame? And how could the situation be improved?
Answer: Varies
Learning Outcome: 4.19: Describe how popular culture contributes to the depletion of scarce
natural resources
111) In your community, what are two ways in which popular culture seems to be contributing to
pollution? How does pollution from popular culture in your area differ from other types of
pollution there? Explain how a geographical perspective helps you to analyze and understand
these matters.
Answer: Varies
Learning Outcome: 4.18: Describe how popular culture can pollute the landscape
31

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The Cultural Landscape, 11e (Rubenstein)

Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture

2) A repetitive act performed by an individual is a

5) In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is typical of large and

8) Typically, popular culture

9) Folk cultures are spread primarily by

11) In recent decades, popular customs have most frequently originated in

12) One significant impact of popular culture is to

18) Which concept is the contemporary geographer likely to reject?

20) Folk songs are more likely than popular songs to

21) An example of a folk custom used to diffuse information about agriculture is

26) Cultural diversity is promoted by

27) The diffusion of jeans is a good example primarily of the

29) The choice of clothing in Western countries is strongly influenced by

30) Terroir refers to

32) A taboo against pork is a characteristic of

35) The geographer Vidal de la Blache regarded food supply as

38) In which state would alcohol consumption be relatively low?

50) Marriage dowries in India reflect

57) One impact of large-scale consumption of chicken in more developed countries is to

60) Lists or collections of customs can be used to define a culture.

61) Culture refers to a habit that is widely adopted by a group of people.

64) Popular culture is more likely to be found in More Developed Countries.

80) What is the difference between a custom and a habit?

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