Electric Circuits II

Phasor Diagram

Dr. Firas Obeidat

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 Phasor diagram for the Passive Circuit Elements
The Resistor
Let 𝒊(𝒕) = 𝑰𝒎 𝒄𝒐𝒔⁡(𝝎𝒕 + 𝝓)

In polar form

But Vm∟θ and Im∟ 𝝓 merely represent the

general voltage and current phasors V and I. Thus

The angles θ and 𝝓 are equal, so that the current

and voltage are always in phase.

The Inductor

Let 𝒊(𝒕) = 𝑰𝒎 𝒄𝒐 𝒔 𝝎𝒕 + 𝝓 = 𝑰𝒎 𝒆𝒋(𝝎𝒕+𝝓)

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 Phasor diagram for the Passive Circuit Elements

We obtain the desired phasor relationship

Note that the angle of the factor jωL is exactly

+90◦ and that I must therefore lag V by 90° in
an inductor.

The Capacitor
Let 𝒗(𝒕) = 𝑽𝒎 𝒄𝒐 𝒔(𝝎𝒕 + 𝝓) = 𝑽𝒎 𝒆𝒋(𝝎𝒕+𝝓)
𝒅𝒗(𝒕)
𝒊 𝒕 =𝑪 𝑰𝒎 𝒆𝒋𝜽 = 𝒋𝝎𝑪𝑽𝒎 𝒆𝒋𝝓
𝒅𝒕
𝟏
𝑰 = 𝑗𝜔𝐶𝑽 𝑽 = 𝑗𝜔𝐶 I

Note that the angle of the factor 1/jωC is

exactly -90◦ and that I must therefore lead V
by 90° in an Capacitor.
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Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
 Phasor diagram for series RL circuit
Example: for the circuit shown in figure (a), draw the phasor
circuit , impedance diagram and voltages phasor diagram.

V=100∟0, so the phasor circuit is shown in figure (b).

ZT=ZR+ZL=3Ω+j4Ω =5∟53.13o.
Impedance diagram is shown in figure (c).
𝑉 100∟0𝑜
𝐼= = 5∟53.13o= 20∟−53.13o
𝑍𝑇

VR=IZR=(20∟-53.13o A)(3∟0Ω)=60∟-53.13o V.
VL=IZL=(20∟-53.13o A)(4∟90Ω)=80∟36.87o V.

Phasor diagram is shown in figure (d).

In rectangular form

VR=60∟-53.13o =36-j48V.
VL=80∟36.87o =64+j48V.
V=VR+VL=36-j48+64+j48=100+j0V=100∟0 V.
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Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
 Phasor diagram for series RC circuit
Example: for the circuit shown in figure (a), draw the phasor
circuit , impedance diagram and voltages phasor diagram.

I=5∟0, so the phasor circuit is shown in figure (b).

ZT=ZR+ZC=6Ω-j8Ω =10∟-53.13o.
Impedance diagram is shown in figure (c).
𝑉 = 𝐼𝑍𝑇 = (5∟53.13o)(10∟−53.13o)=50∟0 V

VR=IZR=(5∟53.13o)(6∟0o)=30∟53.13o0 V
VC=IZC=(5∟53.13o A)(8∟-90Ω)=40∟-36.87o V.

Phasor diagram is shown in figure (d).

In rectangular form

VR=30∟53.13o=18+j24 V
VC=40∟-36.87o =32-j24V.
V=VR+VC=18+j24+32-j24=50+j0=50∟0 V.
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Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
 Phasor diagram for series RLC circuit
Example: for the circuit shown in figure (a), draw the
phasor circuit , impedance diagram and voltages phasor
diagram.

V=50∟0, so the phasor circuit is shown in figure (b).

ZT=ZR+ZL+ZC=3Ω+7Ω-j3Ω =3+j4= 5∟53.13o.
Impedance diagram is shown in figure (c).
𝑉 50∟0𝑜
𝐼= = = 10∟−53.13o
5∟53.13
𝑍𝑇 o

VR=IZR=(10∟−53.13o)(3∟0o)=30∟−53.13o0 V
VL=IZL=(10∟-53.13o A)(7∟90Ω)=70∟36.87o V.
VC=IZC=(10∟-53.13o A)(3∟-90Ω)=30∟-143.13o V.
Phasor diagram is shown in figure (d).
In rectangular form
VR=30∟−53.13o0 V=18-j24 V
VL=70∟36.87o V=56+j42 V.
VC=30∟-143.13o V=-24-j18.
V=VR+VL+VC=18-j24+56+j42-24-j18
V=50+j0=50∟0 V.
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Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
 Phasor diagram for parallel RL circuit
Example: for the circuit shown in figure (a), draw the
phasor circuit , impedance diagram and currents
phasor diagram.

V=20∟53.13, so the phasor circuit is shown in figure

(b).
YT=YR+YL=1/3.33+1/j2.5=0.3-j0.4 =0.5∟-53.13
1 1
𝑍𝑇 = 𝑌 = 0.5∟−53.13=2 ∟53.13
𝑇

Impedance diagram is shown in figure (c).

𝑉 20∟53.13𝑜
𝐼= 𝑍𝑇
= 2∟53.13o= 10∟0o
𝑉 20∟53.13𝑜
𝐼𝑅 = 𝑍𝑅
= 3.33∟0o = 6∟53.13o
𝑉 20∟53.13𝑜
𝐼𝐿 = 𝑍𝐿
= 2.5∟90o = 8∟−36.87o

Currents Phasor diagram is shown in figure

(d).
I=IR+IL=3.6+j4.8+6.4-j4.8=10+j0=10 ∟0.
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Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
 Phasor diagram for parallel RC circuit
Example: for the circuit shown in figure (a), draw the
phasor circuit , impedance diagram and currents
phasor diagram.

I=10∟0, so the phasor circuit is shown in figure (b).

YT=YR+YC=1/1.67+1/-j2.5=0.6+j0.8 =1∟53.13
1 1
𝑍𝑇 = 𝑌 = 1∟53.13=1∟-53.13
𝑇

Impedance diagram is shown in figure (c).

𝑉 = 𝐼𝑍𝑇 = (10∟0𝑜 )(1∟-53.13)= 10∟−53.13o

𝑉 10∟−53.13𝑜
𝐼𝑅 = 𝑍𝑅
= 1.67∟0o = 6∟−53.13o
𝑉 10∟−53.13𝑜
𝐼𝐶 = 𝑍𝐶
=
1.25∟−90o = 8∟36.87o

Currents Phasor diagram is shown in figure

(d).

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Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
 Phasor diagram for parallel RLC circuit
Example: for the circuit shown in figure (a),
draw the phasor circuit , impedance diagram
and currents phasor diagram.

V=100∟53.13, so the phasor circuit is shown

in figure (b).
YT=YR+YL+YC=1/3.33+1/j1.43+1/-j3.33
=0.3+j0.4 =0.5∟-53.13
1 1
𝑍𝑇 = 𝑌 = =2∟53.13 o=1.2+j1.6
𝑇 0.5∟−53.13
Impedance diagram is shown in figure (c).
𝑉 100∟53.13𝑜
𝐼= 𝑍𝑇
= 2∟53.13o = 50∟0o
𝑉 100∟53.13𝑜
𝐼𝑅 = 𝑍𝑅
= 3.33∟0o = 30∟53.13o
𝑉 100∟53.13𝑜
𝐼𝐿 = 𝑍𝐿
= 1.43∟90o = 70∟−36.87o
𝑉 100∟53.13𝑜
𝐼𝐶 = 𝑍𝐶
= 3.33∟−90o= 30∟143.13o
Currents Phasor diagram is shown in figure
(d).
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Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
 Series-parallel AC circuit
Example: for the circuit, calculate ZT, Is, VR, VC,
IL and IC

𝐕𝐋 𝟏𝟏𝟖. 𝟒𝟒∠ − 𝟗. 𝟒𝟔𝐨

𝐈𝐋 = = = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟒𝟖∠ − 𝟗𝟗. 𝟒𝟔𝐨
𝐙𝐋 𝟑∠𝟗𝟎𝐨

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Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
 Series-parallel AC circuit
Example: for the circuit, calculate Is and Vab

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Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
 Series-parallel AC circuit

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Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
 Series-parallel AC circuit
Example: Determine the current I and
the voltage V.

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Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
 Series-parallel AC circuit
Example: calculate I, I1, I2, I3 and ZT.

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Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
 Series-parallel AC circuit

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Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
 Series-parallel AC circuit
Example: calculate ZT, I, I1, andI2.

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Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
 Series-parallel AC circuit

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Dr. Firas Obeidat – Philadelphia University
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