1 Rotational Dynamics

SECTION A

Q.1.
i. (C) 6 mg [1 Mark]
ii. (A) 2 mgr [1 Mark]
P.E. = mgh
At highest point, h = 2r
 P.E. = 2 mgr
iii. (C) 0.8 kg m2 [1 Mark]
iv. (D) 4m [1 Mark]
Q.2.
i. The moment of inertia of a uniform cube is minimum about the axis which passes through its centre of
mass and is perpendicular to opposite faces. [1 Mark]
ii. Right hand thumb rule:
Imagine the axis of rotation to be held in right hand with the fingers curled around it and thumb out-
stretched. If the curled fingers give the direction of motion of a particle performing circular motion
then the direction of out-stretched thumb gives the direction of angular displacement vector.
[1 Mark]

1500   25
2
mv 2
iii. Centripetal force, FCP = = = 3750 N [1 Mark]
r 250

SECTION B

Attempt any Four

Q.3. Solution:
Given: 5 rounds = 2r(5), t = 2 minutes = 120 s
To find: Radius (r)
Formula: acp = 2r
Calculation: From formula,
acp = 2r
v2
 2 =
r
2r (5) 10 r
But v = =
t t
100 r 2 2
 2 =
rt 2
120 120
 r= = 144 m
100
Ans: The radius of the track is 144 m.
[2 Marks]
1
 

Std. XII Sci.: Perfect Physics (Vol. I)

Q.4.
Sr.
Centripetal force Centrifugal force
No.
i. Centripetal force is directed along the radius Centrifugal force is directed along the radius
towards the centre of a circle. away from the centre of a circle.
ii. It is a real force. It is a pseudo force.
iii. It is considered in inertial frame of reference. It is considered in non-inertial frame of
reference.
iv. In vector form, it is given by In vector form, it is given by
 mv 2  mv 2
F =  r̂0 F =+ r̂0
r r
with usual notations. with usual notations.

[2 Marks]
Q.5. i. If a tiny mass (assumed to be a point object and called a bob) connected to a long, flexible, massless,
in extensible string, and suspended to a rigid support is made to oscillate in a single vertical plane, it is
said to be a simple pendulum.
ii. A tiny mass (assumed to be a point object and called a bob) connected to a long, flexible, massless,
inextensible string, and suspended to a rigid support revolves in such a way that the string moves
along the surface of a right circular cone of vertical axis and the point object performs a uniform
horizontal circular motion. Such a system is called a conical pendulum.
[2 Marks]
Q.6. Solution:
Given: v = 32 m/s, r = 200 m, g = 9.8 m/s2
To find: Coefficient of friction ()
v2
Formula: =
rg
Calculation: From formula,
32 2
=
200  9.8
= 0.52
Ans: The value of coefficient of friction between tyre and ground is 0.52.
[2 Marks]
Q.7.
A


T0 T0 cos

C mr2
T0 sin B
mg
In a non- inertial frame
In the frame of reference attached to the bob, the centrifugal force should balance the resultant of all the real
forces (centripetal force) for the bob to be at rest.
Equation for centrifugal force:
 T0 sinθ = mr2 ….(in magnitude)
[2 Marks]
Q.8. i. A bob (point mass) tied to a (practically massless and rigid) rod and whirled along a vertical circle.
ii. The basic difference between the rod and the string is that the string needs some tension at all the
points, including the uppermost point and mass tied to a rod doesn’t need tension at any point.
[2 Marks]
2
 

Chapter 1: Rotational Dynamics

SECTION C

Attempt any Two

Q.9. i. Consider a vehicle at the top of a convex over bridge as shown in the figure.
N

convex overbridge

mg
R

C
ii. During its motion (part of vertical circular motion), forces acting on the vehicle are
a. weight (mg)
b. normal reaction force (N), both along the vertical line (topmost position).
iii. The resultant of these two must provide the necessary centripetal force (vertically downwards) if the
vehicle is at the uppermost position.
mv 2
iv. Thus, if v is the speed at the uppermost point, mg – N =
r
v. As the speed is increased, N goes on decreasing. Normal reaction is an indication of contact.
vi. Thus, for just maintaining contact, N = 0. This imposes an upper limit on the speed as
vmax = rg
[3 Marks]
Q.10. i. Consider a rigid object rotating with a constant angular

speed ω about an axis perpendicular to the plane of paper.
ii. For theoretical simplification, let us consider the object to
be consisting of N particles of masses m1, m2, …..mN at
respective perpendicular distances r1, r2, …..rN from the m2
axis of rotation. r2 rN
iii. As the object rotates, all these particles perform UCM mN
with the same angular speed ω, but with different linear r1 m1
speeds v1 = r1, v2 = r2,….,vN = rN
iv. Translational K.E. of the first particle is,
1 1 A body of N particles
(K.E.)1 = m1v12  m1r122
2 2
Similar will be the case of all the other particles.
v. Rotational K.E. of the object, is the sum of individual translational kinetic energies.
1 1 1
Thus, Rotational K.E.= m1r122  m 2r222 ....  m N rN2 2
2 2 2
 Rotational K.E.=
1
2
 m1r12  m2r22 ....  m NrN2  2
N
But I =  mi ri2 = m1r12  m2r22 ....  m N rN2
i 1

1 2
 Rotational K.E. = I
2
[3 Marks]
Q.11. Solution:
Given: M = 20 kg,  = 100 rad s1, R = 0.25 m
To find: Rotational K.E (K.Erot), Angular momentum (L)
1 2
Formulae: i. K.Erot = I ii. L = I
2

3
 

Std. XII Sci.: Perfect Physics (Vol. I)

1
Calculation: Since M.I for a cylinder, I = MR2
2
From formula (i),
1 1 1
K.Erot =  MR2 2 =  20  (0.25)2  (100)2
2 2 4
 K.Erot = 3125 J
From formula (ii),
L = (0.625)  100
 L = 62.5 kg m2 s1
Ans: i. The kinetic energy associated with the rotation of the cylinder is 3125 J.
ii. The magnitude of angular momentum of the cylinder about its axis is 62.5 kg m2 s1.

[3 Marks]

SECTION D

Attempt any One

Q.12. Statement: The moment of inertia (Io) of an object about any axis is the sum of its moment of inertia (Ic)
about an axis parallel to the given axis, and passing through the centre of mass and the product of the mass
of the object and the square of the distance between the two axes.
Mathematically, Io = Ic + Mh2
Proof:
i. Consider an object of mass M. Axis MOP is any axis passing through point O.
ii. Axis ACB is passing through the centre of mass C of the object, parallel to the axis MOP, and at a
distance h from it ( h = CO).
M A
Ic
Io

D
N
O h C

P B
Theorem of parallel axes

iii. Consider a mass element ‘dm’ located at point D. Perpendicular on OC (produced) from point D is
DN.
Moment of inertia of the object about the axis ACB is Ic =   DC  dm, and about the axis MOP it is
2
iv.
Io =   DO  dm.
2

Io =   DO  dm =   DN    NO   dm
2 2

2

=   DN    NC  2  NC  CO   CO  dm

2 2 2

=   DC   2NC  h  h 2  dm
2
….(using Pythagoras theorem in DNC)
=   DC dm  2h  NC  dm  h2  dm
2

Now,   DC dm  IC and  dm  M

2

v. NC is the distance of a point from the centre of mass. Any mass distribution is symmetric about the
centre of mass. Thus, from the definition of the centre of mass,  NC  dm  0
 Io = Ic + Mh2
This is the mathematical form of the theorem of parallel axes.
[4 Marks]
4
 

Chapter 1: Rotational Dynamics

Q.13. i. According to law of conservation of momentum, I11 = I22
2 2 2 2
 M R 12  = M R 22 
5 T1 5 T2
2
T2 R 
 =  2 .…(i)
T1  R1 
Let V1 be the original volume of the earth and V2 be the reduced volume of the earth.
V1
 V2 =
27
4 1 4 3
  R 32 =  R1 
3 27  3 
3
 R2  1
   =
 R1  27
1

=  
R2 1 3

R1  
27
R2 1
 =
R1 3
From equation (i),
2
R 
2

T2 =  2   T1 =    24 =  24 = hours
1 1 8
 R1   3 9 3
T2 = 2.7 hours
Hence, the duration of the day would change to 2.7 hours.
[2 Marks]
ii. Proof:
a. Angular momentum or the moment of linear momentum of a system is given by
  
L r p
 
where r is the position vector from the axis of rotation and p is the linear momentum.
b. Differentiating with respect to time, we get,
  
dL d    d p d r 
  r  p  r   p
dt dt   dt dt
 
dr  dp 
c. Now, = v and = F
dt dt

dL  
  
 = r  F  m v  v 
dt  
 

Now  v  v  = 0
 

dL  
 = r F
dt
  
d. But r  F is the moment of force or torque  .

 dL
  =
dt

dL  
Thus, if  = 0, = 0 or L = constant.
dt
 
Hence, angular momentum L is conserved in the absence of external unbalanced torque  .
e. This is the principle of conservation of angular momentum, analogous to the conservation of linear
momentum.
[2 Marks]