CE 415:Design of Steel

Structures
Course Teacher: Sinha Lamia Sultana
Tension Member
Yielding & Fracture

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 Strength of Tension Members

There 3 controlling limit states for tension members:

 Yielding of the gross cross section away from the connection
 Fracture of the effective net area at the connection
 Block shear failure through bolt holes (will be covered later)

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Yielding
𝑇𝑛 = 𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑔
Where, 𝑇𝑛 = Nominal Tensile Strength
𝐹𝑦 = Yield strength
𝐴𝑔 = Gross cross section area away from the connection

LRFD: Design Strength = 𝜑𝑇𝑛

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒, 𝜑 = resistance factor = 0.9 for yielding

𝑇𝑛
ASD: Allowable Strength = Ω

where Ω = safety factor= 1.67 for yielding

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Fracture
𝑇𝑛 = 𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑒
Where, 𝑇𝑛 = Nominal Tensile Strength
𝐹𝑢 = Ultimate strength
𝐴𝑒 = Effective Net Area = 𝑈𝐴𝑛
𝐴𝑛 = Net area
𝑈 = Reduction coefficient (Shear lag factor)

LRFD: Design Strength = 𝜑𝑇𝑛

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒, 𝜑 = resistance factor = 0.75 for fracture

𝑇𝑛
ASD: Allowable Strength = Ω

where Ω = safety factor= 2.00 for fracture

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LRFD Design criteria :
𝜑𝑇𝑛 ≥ 𝑇𝑢

Where, 𝜑𝑇𝑛 = Design Strength or Capacity

𝑇𝑢 = Ultimate factored load = 1.2DL + 1.6LL

ASD Design criteria :

𝑇𝑛
≥ 𝑇𝑎
Ω
𝑇𝑛
Where, Ω = Allowable Strength or Capacity

𝑇𝑎 = Allowable load = DL + LL
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Example 1 (ASD)

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Example 2 (LRFD)

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Example 3 : DO YOURSELF assume U = 1

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Example 4

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