CE137-01 Notes

Allowable Stress Design (ASD)

A member is selected based on either area or moment of inertia that are large
enough to prevent the maximum load for exceeding an allowable value.

Plastic Design

A design method which based on a consideration of failure conditions rather

than working load conditions. A member is selected based on the criterion that
the structure will fail at a load substantially higher than the working load or
service load.

Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)

Similar to plastic design were factored loads are applied. In addition, the
theoretical strength of the member is reduced by the application of a resistance
factor.

⁃ Resistance factor is being found here

SECTION 502 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

502.3.3 Design for Strength Using Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)

Design shall be in accordance with equation 502.3-1

⁃ Pinapataas yung value ng loads dito sa LRFD

Resistance factor - purpose is to minimize (2nd safety) para mas Humana yung
babangga na stress or strength sa required strength

Resistance factor times the design factor = nominal strength

————————
LOAD COMBINATIONS FOR LRFD

(DL) Dead load = constant

(LL) Live Load Due to Occupancy =

(Lr) Roof Live Load = Iba load ng roof and oor, based on studies, it is better
that the roof load is di erent from the live load

(S) Snow Load =

(R) Rin load =

(WL) Wind Load =

(EQ) Earthquake Load/Seismic load =

Design for Strength using allowable stress design (ASD)

Design shall be in accordance with equation

ff
fl


P sub n - nominal tensile force

Omega sub p - safety factor

Design tensile strength - LRFD

F sub y = tensile yielding

English = inches or KSI

KSI - Kilo pascal per square inch

Omega sub t = allowable stress design

P sub n = s sub u

A sub e = e ective net area

ff


the red is the net area - yun lang yung need

Para mas Magali - add 3.2 mm or subtract 3.2mm

Pagkasira ng pagkaslant

S - horizontal space between the holes

G - gauge (pinakavertical distance)

Both in millimeters

1. Sheer Lag Factor - automatically 1.0

2. The e ective area is in the web since it has the ability to carry the load,
rather than the anges

A sub n multiplied by U

ff
fl


Longitudinal means it is parallel

12 is thicknesss

L is 200

Case 4 - This is a longitudinal weld and U is 0.87