Samantha Jesi Shania D.

Estrada Date Submitted: 10/02/2020

BioSc 1B
STANDARDIZATION OF ACID-BASE TITRATION

INTRODUCTION
Titration is the process of measuring the volume of one reagent required to react with a measured
volume or weight of another reagent. The goal is to stop the addition of reagent when stoichiometrically
equal amounts of the two reactants have been combined. Standardization is the process of determining
the exact concentration (molarity) of a solution. The reaction of an acid and a base to form a salt and water
is known as neutralization. This experiment has 3 parts: (A) Preparation and Standardization of Sodium
Hydroxide, (B) Analysis of Unknown KHP, and (C) Analysis of Unknown Acid.

OBJECTIVES
1. To standardize the Sodium hydroxide solution with Potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP).
2. To determine the percent mass of KHP in an unknown mixture.
3. To determine the Molar Mass of an Unknown Monoprotic/Diprotic/Triprotic Acid.

METHODOLOGY

Preparation of 1 L carbonate –free 0.1 M NaOH Solution

1.) Boil approximately 2 L of distilled water in a beaker for at least 15 minutes. To minimize bumping,
place a stirring rod inside the beaker and cover it with a watch glass
2.) While waiting for the solution to boil, look for two (2) 1 liter polyethylene containers for the
solution. Wash it with soap and water.
3.) Calculate the amount of NaOH pellets needed to prepare 1 liter of 0.1 M NaOH solution.
4.) When the distilled water is near boiling, weigh this amount on a watch glass using a top-loading
balance. Warning: Sodium hydroxide pellets is corrosive, avoid skin contact with this chemical. Wear
latex gloves while weighing NaOH pellets. Wipe out chemical spills on the balance because this will
corrode the equipment.
5.) Transfer the NaOH pellets in a 1 liter beaker. Dissolve the NaOH pellets with approximately 500 ml
of carbonate free distilled water, then dilute the solution to the 1 liter mark.
6.) Rinse the container with a small amount of the prepared solution.
7.) Place the container in an ice-water bath and transfer the prepared solution quantitatively into the
clean bottle. Cover the bottle tightly.
8.) Let the solution cool down to room temperature in the ice water.
9.) Label the container; write your name and the date the solution was prepared.
10.) Keep the extra carbonate free distilled water in another clean polyethylene bottle.

Standardization of the prepared NaOH Solution

1.) Heat the primary standard - potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP), KHC8H4O4 in the oven at 1100C
for about 30 minutes and allow it to cool in a dessicator.
2.) Weigh out 0.7 – 0.8 gram of KHP using the analytical balance.
3.) Dissolve the KHP in about 50 mL of cooled boiled water.
4.) Add 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator.
5.) Titrate with the prepared NaOH until permanent faint pink color of solution is observed.
6.) Calculate the molarity of NaOH solution of up to 4 decimal places.
7.) Perform at least four trials; calculate the average molarity of NaOH and its standard deviation.

𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝐾𝐻𝑃 𝑥 1000

𝑁𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 = 𝑔
204.2212 𝑥 𝑉𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 (𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝐿)
𝑚𝑜𝑙

Determination of %KHP in an Impure Solid Sample

1.) Pass a clean amber bottle (labeled with your name) to your instructor.
2.) As soon as you receive the sample, your transfer it to a clean mortar and grind the mixture carefully.
Do not spill the sample.
3.) After grinding the sample, return it to the amber bottle.
4.) Heat the unknown sample in the oven at 110 0C for about 30 minutes.
5.) Allow it to cool in the dessicator.
6.) Weigh out 0.7 – 0.8 gram of the sample using the analytical balance.
7.) Dissolve the unknown sample in about 50 mL of cooled boiled water
8.) Add 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator.
9.) Titrate with the prepared NaOH until permanent faint pink color of solution is observed.
10.) Perform at least 4 trials.
11.) Calculate the % KHP in the sample, the standard deviation, the % RSD of the experiment and the
critical limits at 95% confidence level.

DATA

Table 1. Standardization of the Sodium Hydroxide solution

Volume
Standardizati mass KHP NaOH Molarity
Group on of NaOH (g) (mL) NaOH Average Std. Dev. % RSD
1 1 0.7464 33.30 0.1097 0.1083 0.0016 1.46
2 0.7461 34.10 0.1071
3 0.7480 33.60 0.1090
4 0.7449 34.20 0.1066
5 0.7485 33.20 0.1104
6 0.7501 34.30 0.1071
2 1 0.7806 35.30 0.1083 0.1083 0.0009 0.83
2 0.7303 33.00 0.1083
3 0.7338 33.20 0.1082
4 0.7162 32.40 0.1082
5 0.7268 33.30 0.1069
 6 0.7483 33.40 0.1097
3 1 0.7058 32.50 0.1063 0.1077 0.0008 0.74
2 0.7646 34.60 0.1082
3 0.7498 34.20 0.1073
4 0.7121 32.10 0.1086
5 0.7319 33.20 0.1079
6 0.7572 34.40 0.1078
4 1 0.7232 33.50 0.1057 0.1039 0.0016 1.54
2 0.7194 33.50 0.1051
3 0.7363 34.90 0.1033
4 0.7336 35.50 0.1012
5 0.7778 36.70 0.1038
6 0.7035 33.00 0.1044

Table 2. Percent KHP in the sample

Volume
mass NaOH
Analysis 1 sample (g) (mL) % KHP Average Std. Dev. % RSD % Error
1 0.7031 22.20 69.85 69.64 0.23 0.34 0.00
2 0.7046 22.10 69.39
3 0.7049 22.20 69.67
True value 69.64
NaCl (g) 1.84
KHP (g) 4.22
1 0.7290 5.80 17.59 17.57 0.02 0.11 -68.64
2 0.7680 6.10 17.56
3 0.7305 5.80 17.56
True value 56.02
NaCl (g) 2.63
KHP (g) 3.35
1 0.7202 14.50 44.29 44.43 0.13 0.28 -0.20
2 0.7509 15.20 44.53
3 0.7222 14.60 44.47
True value 44.52
NaCl (g) 3.34
 KHP (g) 2.68
1 0.7176 14.50 42.88 43.10 0.90 2.08 -3.18
2 0.7220 15.00 44.09 mb
3 0.7018 14.00 42.33
True value 44.52
NaCl (g) 3.34
KHP (g) 2.68

Table 3. Molar Mass of Unknown Monoprotic, Diprotic, and Triprotic Acids

Volume
mass NaOH Molar
Analysis 2 sample (g) (mL) Mass Average Std. Dev. % RSD % Error
1 0.7224 32.40 205.82 204.49 2.19 1.07 0.13
2 0.7219 32.40 205.68
3 0.7154 32.70 201.96
True value 204.22

1 0.7442 99.00 138.82 138.73 0.33 0.24 53.63

2 0.7527 100.00 139.00
3 0.7492 100.00 138.36
True value 90.30

1 0.7294 102.00 199.19 197.43 1.82 0.92 2.76

2 0.7425 104.70 197.54
3 0.7582 108.00 195.55
True value 192.12

1 0.7235 100.20 208.47 208.17 2.57 1.24 8.36

2 0.7145 100.40 205.47
3 0.7345 100.70 210.59
True value 192.12
ANALYSIS
CONCLUSION
To standardize the NaOH solution, it should be titrated with a weighed sample of KHP.
Standardized NaOH can be used for precise titrations of acid. The mass percent of KHP in an unknown
mixture is found by titrating a weighed sample of the mixture with the standardized NaOH solution. KHP
and NaOH has a 1:1 ratio. In determining the molar mass of an unknown acid, the moles of NaOH should
be determined with the volume and molarity of the standardized NaOH then determine the molar mass by
dividing the mass of the sample to the number of moles. For a monoprotic acid, it is only able to donate 1
proton per molecule which means it has a 1:1 ratio with the NaOH while diprotic acid has a 1:2 acid to base
ratio and triprotic acid has a 1:3 acid to base ratio.