ENABLING TASK 1-BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

BY: BANGOT, BARCOMA, ESTRADA (J), ETONG, HUSSAIN, MISSION, OSNAN, PORRAS, TABLIZO, UY

International Reference/Source
National Reference/Source
Local Reference/Source

Natural disasters are natural events that we cannot stop. It can be caused by man-made
destruction of nature or natural behavior of the environment because of geographical reasons. The
Philippines is known as one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world. Involving natural hazards
such as flood, cyclone, earthquakes and many more. Which have consequences in terms of damage in
livelihood, economy, and etc. (JC Gaillard (2015) page 1) That’s because the location of the Philippines is
within the pacific ring of fire. Additionally, the Philippines is between China and the Pacific Ocean, which
endangers the Philippines more. Historically, floods are not new to the Philippines. For the past decades
the Philippines continues to experience series of floods every year. One instance would be the Tropical
storm Trami where more than one million people were affected by the flooding. Enhanced the
southwest monsoon rains starting on 18 August on the northern island of Luzon, including the capital
Manila, a megacity of more than 12 million, according to the National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Council (NDRRMC). There had been a few cases as well of floods in local areas in Davao
City as well. The City Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office (CDRRMO, 2019) said torrential rains
brought by a low-pressure area caused Davao River to swell, thus prompting the forced evacuation of
families in affected communities.

With these calamities, many casualties are sacrificed and many concerns regarding health and the
welfare of the citizens were raised. According to Secretary Enrique Ona (2013), common complaints
that the DOH receive when they hold consultations in evacuation centers, noting that diarrhea and
skin infections related to flooding were top concerns, along with fever, headaches, coughs and colds.
This was due to the water that was contaminated by the flood. Contaminated water carries many
chemicals and bacterial toxins. Hence it can trigger diarrhea outbreaks, as well as other water-borne
diseases. (Grieve, 2013)

Many health organizations in the Philippines are taking in action towards this problem. Which
inspired the researchers to conduct a study regarding filtering contaminated water by using the
filtering drainage system. The study is mainly dedicated to helping the partner community of the
researchers, specifically in Maa Central Elementary School. To explain briefly, it specifically functions
to filter contaminated water and process them into drinkable water. Contaminated water undergoes
first treatment which filters out any solids in the water, then it undergoes charcoaled filtering and
reverse osmosis - applies pressure to water on one side of a membrane allowing pure water to pass
through, eliminates viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and pharmaceuticals. (Cho, 2011) Additionally there are
similar studies conducted regarding filtering drainage systems in processing contaminated water to
drinkable ones. Manhattan College and De Lasalle University conducted a similar research with reaching
a conclusion of being exceptionally successful thus far. The proposed water filter system presented a
promising solution in terms of economic feasibility and effectiveness for purifying contaminated water
sources. (Abulencia et al., 2010-2011)
 ENABLING TASK 1-BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
BY: BANGOT, BARCOMA, ESTRADA (J), ETONG, HUSSAIN, MISSION, OSNAN, PORRAS, TABLIZO, UY

IN TEXT CITATION:

 The Philippines is known as one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world. Involving
natural hazards such as flood, cyclone, earthquakes and many more. Which have consequences
in terms of damage in livelihood, economy, and etc. (JC Gaillard (2015) page 1)
 More than one million people were affected by the flooding. Enhanced the southwest
monsoon rains starting on 18 August on the northern island of Luzon, including the capital
Manila, a megacity of more than 12 million, according to the National Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Council (NDRRMC). (Jason Gutierrez, 2013)
 The City Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office (CDRRMO, 2019) said torrential rains
brought by a low-pressure area caused Davao River to swell, thus prompting the forced
evacuation of families in affected communities.
 According to Secretary Enrique Ona (2013), common complaints that the DOH receive when
they hold consultations in evacuation centers, noting that diarrhea and skin infections
related to flooding were top concerns, along with fever, headaches, coughs and colds.
 Can trigger diarrhea outbreaks, as well as other water-borne diseases. (Grieve, 2013)
 Contaminated water undergoes first treatment which filters out any solids in the water, then
it undergoes charcoaled filtering and reverse osmosis - applies pressure to water on one side
of a membrane allowing pure water to pass through, eliminates viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and
pharmaceuticals. (Cho, 2011)
 Manhattan College and De Lasalle University conducted a similar research with reaching a
conclusion of being exceptionally successful thus far. The proposed water filter system
presented a promising solution in terms of economic feasibility and effectiveness for purifying
contaminated water sources. (Abulencia et al., 2010-2011)
 ENABLING TASK 1-BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
BY: BANGOT, BARCOMA, ESTRADA (J), ETONG, HUSSAIN, MISSION, OSNAN, PORRAS, TABLIZO, UY

REFERENCE LIST:
SITES:

Evalarosa, M. (2017, January 18). Red Cross helps communities prevent water-borne diseases
using surveillance mechanism. Retrieved September 04, 2020, from
https://www.ifrc.org/en/news-and-media/news-stories/asia-pacific/philippines/red-cross-helps-
communities-prevent-water-borne-diseases-using-surveillance-mechanism-73812/

Gutierrez, J. (2013, August 21). Flooding prompts health concerns in Philippines - Philippines.
Retrieved September 04, 2020, from https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/flooding-
prompts-health-concerns-philippines

Rappler.com. (2019, January 23). LOOK: Over 200 families evacuated in Davao City due to
flooding. Retrieved September 04, 2020, from https://rappler.com/nation/families-
evacuated-davao-city-flooding-january-2019

Abulencia, P., O'Brien, S., Gallardo, S., & Tanala, F. (2016, March 22). A Sustainable Water
Purification Solution for Rural Communities. Retrieved September 04, 2020, from
https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/9
157/report/F

Cho, R. (2018, June 18). From Wastewater to Drinking Water. Retrieved September 04, 2020,
from https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2011/04/04/from-wastewater-to-drinking-water/

Travis, A. (2013). In the Philippines, securing clean water in the aftermath of Typhoon Bopha -
Philippines. Retrieved September 04, 2020, from
https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/philippines-securing-clean-water-aftermath-
typhoon-bopha

Cowan, S. (2014, October 31). Water Filtration for Emergency Preparedness. Retrieved
September 04, 2020, from https://learn.eartheasy.com/articles/water-filtration-for-
emergency-preparedness/

ONLINE BOOKS:

Gaillard, J. (2016). Introduction [Introduction]. In 923625370 724766384 J. Gaillard (Author),

People's response to disasters in the philippines: Vulnerability, capacities and resilience
(p. 1). Place of publication not identified, USA: Palgrave Macmillan.
doi:10.1057/9781137484291
 ENABLING TASK 1-BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
BY: BANGOT, BARCOMA, ESTRADA (J), ETONG, HUSSAIN, MISSION, OSNAN, PORRAS, TABLIZO, UY