SCAFFOLD 1A – BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

BY: BANGOT, BARCOMA, ESTRADA (J), ETONG, HUSSAIN, MISSION, OSNAN, PORRAS, TABLIZO, UY

Title of the Study: The Effectiveness of Filtering Drainage System strategy in processing flood water into
safe drinkable water

Statement of the Problem: Can a Filtering Drainage System effectively process flood water to clean and
drinkable water?

Hypothesis: If the Filtering Drainage System can process flood water, then the state of the water’s
cleanliness and quality will improve (clean and drinkable).

GUIDE QUESTIONS:

1.) What is the nature of the issue or topic that you would want to study? (International
researches/claim with minimum of 3 citations) (What is the issue or problem that your gadget
will solve?) 

Natural disasters are natural events that we can not stop. In this study, it would focus in the
aspects of flooding. A number of issues rise due to flooding. Mainly the health or well-fare of the
citizens and the water quality. We know that, after destructive storms and flash floods,
damage to water sources can lead to water shortage and contamination. (Grieve, 2013)
Contaminated water can cause short-term life-threatening dehydration from vomiting and
diarrhea, or long-term chronic disease due to chemical or bacterial toxins. (Jacobs, 2014) Hence,
this immediately triggers concerns for the health of families – especially children – as dirty
water can bring diarrhea outbreaks, as well as other water-borne diseases. (Grieve, 2013) As
a result this study specifically Filtering drainage system will help resolve the problem
regarding avoiding water borne illnesses and water contamination. According to Cho (2011),
Contaminated water undergoes first treatment which filters out any solids in the water, then
it undergoes charcoaled filtering and reverse osmosis - applies pressure to water on one side
of a membrane allowing pure water to pass through, eliminates viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and
pharmaceuticals. This results in an extremely pure standard of drinking water, effectively free
from microbial and chemical pollution, as well as heavy metals and even radionuclides. (Jacobs,
2014)

2.) What are the conditions or situations at the national level that are related to your topic?
(National level or Philippine setting researches/claim with minimum of 3 citations) (What is the
issue or problem that your gadget will solve?)   

If we consider the past cases of strong typhoons hitting the Philippines, similar issues rise as
well. Issues regarding the citizens health and safety onwards evacuation or so. Common
complaints that the DOH receive when they hold consultations in evacuation centers, noting
that diarrhea and skin infections related to flooding were top concerns, along with fever,
headaches, coughs and colds, and wounds. (Secretary Enrique Ona, 2013) The Red Cross
decided to take action upon the issue and set up a Water and Sanitation camp near a water
source in the town of Virac so that the Red Cross water tanks can distribute and refill water
stations established in the typhoon-affected areas. As of 13 January, the Red Cross has
distributed nearly 177,000 liters of potable water in the affected provinces. (Renaldo, 2017)
There are similar studies regarding filtering drainage system to help resolve the water
 SCAFFOLD 1A – BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
BY: BANGOT, BARCOMA, ESTRADA (J), ETONG, HUSSAIN, MISSION, OSNAN, PORRAS, TABLIZO, UY

contamination during floods. Studies from Manhattan College and De Lasalle University
conducted a similar research with reaching a conclusion of being exceptionally successful thus
far. The proposed water filter presented a promising solution in terms of economic feasibility
and effectiveness for purifying contaminated water sources. (Abulencia et al., 2010-2011)

3.) How would you relate the issue or topic that you have in your assigned community to numbers
1 and 2 questions? To whom are you addressing the gadget and why there's a need for you to
conduct the research?

There had been a few cases of floods in specific local areas. City Disaster Risk Reduction
Management Office (CDRRMO, 2019) said torrential rains brought by a low-pressure
area caused Davao River to swell, affecting this city's hinterlands and prompting the forced
evacuation of families in affected communities. The evacuees were temporarily sheltered at the
Doña Pilar Elementary School and the covered gym of Maa Elementary School. Since the
researchers is assigned to the Maa Community, more specifically Maa Central Elementary
School, the study focused on helping evacuees and other affected families near the area by the
filtering drainage system. This study is mainly addressed to Maa Central Elementary School since
it’s the assigned evacuation center of the community, hence, more people are to be gathered
there with no proper water and food resources. The filtering drainage system specifically works
to filter out contaminated flood water to provide drinkable water to people and in result
lessening the infected victims by water borne illnesses.
 SCAFFOLD 1A – BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
BY: BANGOT, BARCOMA, ESTRADA (J), ETONG, HUSSAIN, MISSION, OSNAN, PORRAS, TABLIZO, UY

IN-TEXT-CITATION:

  Contaminated water can cause short-term life-threatening dehydration from vomiting and
diarrhea, or long-term chronic disease due to chemical or bacterial toxins. (Jacobs, 2014)
 Sand filtration is suitable for use in a rural area for untreated surface water where bacteria and
protozoa are the primary concerns . (Jacobs, 2014)
 Reverse Osmosis (RO) systems rely on a thin film membrane which excludes all particles larger
than 0.1 nanometer (a nanometer is one billionth of a meter). This results in an extremely pure
standard of drinking water, effectively free from microbial and chemical pollution, as well as
heavy metals and even radionuclides. (Jacobs, 2014)
  A few countries like Singapore, Australia and Namibia, and states such as California, Virginia and
New Mexico are already drinking recycled water, demonstrating that purified wastewater can
be safe and clean, and help ease water shortages. (Cho, 2011)
 Across the globe, 2 out of 10 people do not have access to safe drinking water. (Cho, 2011)
 We know that, immediately after destructive storms and flash floods, damage to water
sources can lead to water shortage and contamination. For UNICEF, this immediately triggers
concerns for the health of families – especially children – as dirty water can bring diarrhea
outbreaks, as well as other water-borne diseases. (Grieve, 2013)
 These are the usual complaints we receive when we hold consultations in evacuation
centers," Philippine Health Secretary Enrique Ona told IRIN on 21 August, noting that
diarrhea and skin infections related to flooding were top concerns, along with fever,
headaches, coughs and colds, and wounds. (Jason Gutierrez, 2013)
 The Red Cross set up a Water and Sanitation camp near a water source in the town of Virac so
that the Red Cross water tanks can distribute and refill water stations established in the
typhoon-affected areas. As of 13 January, the Red Cross has distributed nearly 177,000 liters of
potable water in the affected provinces. (Renaldo, 2017)
 The design of a sustainable water filtration system for the Philippines by Manhattan College and
De La Salle University has been exceptionally successful thus far. The proposed water filter
presents a promising solution in terms of economic feasibility and effectiveness for purifying
contaminated water sources. (Abulencia et al., 2010-2011)
 City Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office (CDRRMO) said torrential rains brought by a
low-pressure area caused Davao River to swell, affecting this city's hinterlands and prompting
the forced evacuation of families in affected communities. The evacuees were temporarily
sheltered at the Doña Pilar Elementary School and the covered gym of Maa Elementary School.
(City Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office [CDRRMO], 2019)
 SCAFFOLD 1A – BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
BY: BANGOT, BARCOMA, ESTRADA (J), ETONG, HUSSAIN, MISSION, OSNAN, PORRAS, TABLIZO, UY

REFERENCES:

Evalarosa, M. (2017, January 18). Red Cross helps communities prevent water-borne diseases
using surveillance mechanism. Retrieved September 04, 2020, from
https://www.ifrc.org/en/news-and-media/news-stories/asia-pacific/philippines/red-cross-
helps-communities-prevent-water-borne-diseases-using-surveillance-mechanism-73812/

Gutierrez, J. (2013, August 21). Flooding prompts health concerns in Philippines - Philippines.
Retrieved September 04, 2020, from https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/flooding-
prompts-health-concerns-philippines

Rappler.com. (2019, January 23). LOOK: Over 200 families evacuated in Davao City due to
flooding. Retrieved September 04, 2020, from https://rappler.com/nation/families-
evacuated-davao-city-flooding-january-2019

Abulencia, P., O'Brien, S., Gallardo, S., & Tanala, F. (2016, March 22). A Sustainable Water
Purification Solution for Rural Communities. Retrieved September 04, 2020, from
https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/9
157/report/F

Cho, R. (2018, June 18). From Wastewater to Drinking Water. Retrieved September 04, 2020,
from https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2011/04/04/from-wastewater-to-drinking-water/

Travis, A. (2013). In the Philippines, securing clean water in the aftermath of Typhoon Bopha -
Philippines. Retrieved September 04, 2020, from
https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/philippines-securing-clean-water-aftermath-
typhoon-bopha

Cowan, S. (2014, October 31). Water Filtration for Emergency Preparedness. Retrieved
September 04, 2020, from https://learn.eartheasy.com/articles/water-filtration-for-
emergency-preparedness/